Ancient Rome: Government and Laws



Ancient Rome: Government and Laws World History Notes

Date: ____________

Roman Government’s Three Phases

➢ Roman ________________

o 753 to 509 BC

▪ How many years is this?________

➢ Roman ________________

o 509 to 27 BC

▪ How many years is this?________

➢ Roman ________________

o 27 BC to 476 AD

▪ How many years is this?________

*NOTE* Don’t forget the Roman Empire was in existence for so long that the calendar transitions from (B.C./ B.C.E) to (A.D./ C.E.)

➢ B.C = Before Christ A.D.= Anno Domini

➢ B.C.E= Before Common Era C.E.= Common Era

Rome’s Mythical Beginnings: Roman ___________

➢ The road to a Roman Kingdom (753 to 509 BC) begins with the legendary myth of ____________&______________.

o Twin boys sent adrift in a basket on the _________________ on the order of their great uncle.

o Found and cared for by a ____________ until a shepherd takes them in.

o They decide to build a city on the river banks were they were saved, but there is a disagreement on where to build this city.

o Romulus kills _________ to build the city of Rome.

o Romulus becomes king of Rome.

Rome Becomes a _______________

➢ Roman Republic________________B.C. began when the last Roman King, or _________ was overthrown.

o Tarquinius was overthrown in 509 BC

➢ Roman Republic lasts about 480 years, but eventually dictators start to emerge.

o started a civil war by marching his troops into Rome, and he becomes a dictator.

➢ Strict Social Classes: ______________ (upper) and _________________ (lower)

o Written Laws: __________________________________

The Law of the Twelve Tables

➢ The reason for the creation of the laws was to appease the ________________.

o In 494 BC, invaders threaten Rome and the Plebeians refuse to ___________ until their rights were expanded.

▪ Without the Plebeians there would be no Roman Army to speak of…

o In _________B.C. , the Plebeians had the laws written down, and displayed in the Roman Forum.

➢ Significance:

o The laws do not look like the beliefs of Hammurabi, and everyone is treated fairly under the law.

o The laws resemble the U.S. _________________ or the _______________________.

Rome Becomes an _________________

➢ The First ____________________ (rule of three men)

o Julius Caesar, takes control in 44 BC “_____________________________”

o Gnaeus Pompey (Caesar defeats)

o Licinius Crassus (dies)

➢ Bad news for Caesar…

o Many Senators believed Caesar wanted to become ___________, and plotted to kill him.

Roman Empire Cont…

➢ __________________ Triumvirate

o ________________ “Augustus” (Caesar’s heir and adopted son)

o Marc Antony (defeated by Octavian)

o Lepidus (“retired”)

➢ Octavian Augustus becomes Rome’s first _________________.

➢ Other lines of emperors included the:

o ___________________ and the Flavians

o The Good Emperors

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