Saturday TAKS Review - Chemistry



Chemistry Practice Questions

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of these are composed of two or more different substances that are chemically combined in a definite ratio?

|A. |Compounds |C. |Elements |

|B. |Mixtures |D. |Solutions |

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____ 2. The experiment illustrates that iron and sulfur combine to form

|F. |a nonmetal. |G. |a compound. |H. |a mixture. |J. |an alloy. |

____ 3. What characteristic of water remains the same no matter what is dissolved in it?

|A. |The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen |C. |The hydroxide ion concentration |

|B. |The ability to refract light |D. |The freezing temperature |

____ 4. Which of these remains the same while water molecules go through the water cycle?

|F. |The ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in the molecules |

|G. |The rate of vibration of the molecules |

|H. |The kinds of dissolved substances between the molecules |

|J. |The amount of energy the molecules can absorb |

____ 5. What is the density at 20°C of 12.0 milliliters of a liquid that has a mass of 4.05 grams?

|A. |0.338 g/mL |B. |2.96 g/mL |C. |16.1 g/mL |D. |48.6 g/mL |

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____ 6. The picture shows the results of pouring a blue liquid into a clear liquid and allowing the mixture to settle for 25 minutes. Compared to the clear liquid, the blue liquid is more —

|F. |massive |H. |viscous |

|G. |dense |J. |soluble |

____ 7. Which of the following objects will float on water?

|A. | [pic] |C. | [pic] |

|B. | [pic] |D. | [pic] |

____ 8. What is the mass of a 500.00 mL sample of seawater with a density of 1.025 g/mL?

|F. |487.8 g |G. |500.0 g |H. |512.5 g |J. |625.0 g |

____ 9. A block of maple wood with a volume of 405 cubic centimeters and a density of 0.67 g/cm3 is sawed in half. The density of the two smaller blocks is now —

|A. |one-fourth the original density |C. |two times the original density |

|B. |one-half the original density |D. |the same as the original density |

____ 10. Students in a chemistry lab measure the time it takes four different 100 mL solutions to pass through a hole in the bottom of a cup. Which of the following properties of the solutions is most likely being measured?

|F. |Buoyancy |H. |Volume |

|G. |Mass |J. |Viscosity |

____ 11. As the viscosity of a liquid increases, the liquid —

|A. |conducts electricity |C. |evaporates more quickly |

|B. |pours more slowly |D. |forms a precipitate |

____ 12. The buoyant force that a fluid exerts on objects is increased when there is an increase in the fluid’s —

|F. |acidity |G. |clarity |H. |solubility |J. |density |

____ 13. Pain medications can be made as powders or tablets. The powders tend to work faster than tablets with the same ingredients because powder —

|A. |dissolves faster in solution than a single tablet. |

|B. |has more total mass than a single tablet. |

|C. |travels through the bloodstream more easily than a tablet. |

|D. |is easier to swallow than tablets. |

____ 14. Each beaker shown below contains one liter of water. One hundred grams of sugar is added to each beaker. In which beaker will the sugar dissolve the fastest?

|F. | [pic] |H. | [pic] |

|G. | [pic] |J. | [pic] |

____ 15. All of these can affect the rate at which a solid dissolves in water except —

|A. |decreasing air pressure |C. |increasing the temperature of the water |

|B. |stirring the water |D. |using larger crystals of the solid |

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____ 16. A teacher has prepared a saturated solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) in 100 grams of water heated to 60ºC. About how many grams of potassium nitrate will have settled out of the solution once it reaches a room temperature of 25ºC?

|F. |30 g |G. |65 g |H. |95 g |J. |145 g |

____ 17. A 0.2 g crystal of gypsum dissolves very slowly in 100 mL of water while the water is stirred. Which of these would cause the gypsum to dissolve faster?

|A. |Decreasing the water temperature |C. |Lowering the air pressure |

|B. |Stopping the stirring |D. |Crushing the crystal |

____ 18. The structure of pure water makes it a good —

|F. |solvent |G. |catalyst |H. |nutrient |J. |conductor |

____ 19. Which factor makes water an effective solvent?

|A. |The presence of molecular oxygen |C. |The polar nature of its molecules |

|B. |Its lack of covalent bonds |D. |Its abundance on Earth’s surface |

____ 20. Which of these is a reason that frogs and fish are sensitive to changes in water temperature?

|F. |Cold water has a higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than warm water. |

|G. |Warm water has a higher range of compressibility than cold water. |

|H. |Cold water has a greater density than warm water. |

|J. |Warm water has a higher viscosity than cold water. |

____ 21. As a scuba diver goes deeper underwater, the diver must be aware that the increased pressure affects the human body by increasing the —

|A. |body’s temperature |C. |amount of suspended solids in the body |

|B. |amount of dissolved gases in the body |D. |concentration of minerals in the body |

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____ 22. If each of these bottles of carbonated water initially contained the same amount of dissolved carbon dioxide, which bottle will contain the least amount of dissolved carbon dioxide after 15 minutes?

|F. |Bottle 1 |G. |Bottle 2 |H. |Bottle 3 |J. |Bottle 4 |

____ 23. Which of these represents a physical change?

|A. |Iron rusting |B. |Ice melting |C. |Wood burning |D. |Food spoiling |

____ 24. Sheets of ice containing mostly pure water can be formed by decreasing the temperature of saltwater. Which of these best describes this change?

|F. |Chemical change |H. |Nuclear change |

|G. |Physical change |J. |Atomic change |

____ 25. Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Which process is most likely to cause a chemical change to limestone?

|A. |Freezing water cracking limestone |

|B. |Flowing water eroding a limestone riverbed |

|C. |Acid rain forming puddles on limestone |

|D. |Coastal waves dissolving limestone sediments |

____ 26. Rust (Fe2O3) forms on an iron (Fe) pipe after prolonged exposure to humid air. What type of change does this illustrate?

|F. |Mechanical |H. |Chemical |

|G. |Nuclear |J. |Physical |

____ 27. A sugar cube in a test tube is heated over a Bunsen burner. The sugar cube turns black and has less mass than before it was heated. These changes occur because the sugar has —

|A. |melted |C. |reacted chemically |

|B. |boiled |D. |become hydrated |

____ 28. Which of these describes a pollution-producing process that involves only a physical change?

|F. |Coal with a high sulfur content is burned, producing gases that cause acid rain. |

|G. |Chlorofluorocarbons are released, changing ozone in the upper atmosphere into oxygen. |

|H. |Hot wastewater is discharged into a lake, lowering oxygen levels in the water. |

|J. |Nitrogen oxide emissions combine with water vapor, producing nitric acid. |

____ 29. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

|A. |Combustion of gasoline |C. |An ice cube being swallowed |

|B. |An apple being bitten |D. |Absorption of a water molecule |

____ 30. In the rock cycle, which of these is a chemical change involved with the formation of igneous rocks?

|F. |Compression of sediments |H. |Subduction of plates |

|G. |Heat loss from lava |J. |Formation of minerals |

____ 31. Which process in the rock cycle is most likely responsible for moon rocks being converted to lunar soil?

|A. |Metamorphism |C. |Sedimentation |

|B. |Weathering |D. |Volcanism |

____ 32. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

|F. |Ice cracking |H. |Milk souring |

|G. |Sugar dissolving |J. |Lead melting |

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____ 33. When 127 g of copper reacts with 32 g of oxygen gas to form copper (II) oxide, no copper or oxygen is left over. How much copper (II) oxide is produced?

|A. |32 g |B. |95 g |C. |127 g |D. |159 g |

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____ 34. According to the law of conservation of mass, how much zinc was present in the zinc carbonate?

|F. |40 g |G. |88 g |H. |104 g |J. |256 g |

[pic][pic]

____ 35. The illustrations show a conservation of mass experiment. The solution in the beaker lost mass because —

|A. |materials have less mass at high temperatures |

|B. |the mass of the reactants and products was less than 100 g |

|C. |sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is lighter than air |

|D. |some of the water molecules turned into gas |

____ 36. When a 1-kilogram log was burned, a 0.05 kilogram of ash was produced. The mass of the ash is less than the mass of the log because

|F. |wind carried away some matter before it burned. |

|G. |combustion changed some matter into energy. |

|H. |some matter was converted to gases that were released. |

|J. |some matter was decomposed by organisms in the soil. |

____ 37. Liquid 1 and Liquid 2 react to produce a solid and a gas. Which of the following expressions correctly shows how to determine the mass of the gas?

|A. |(mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) - (mass of solid) |

|B. |(mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2) + (mass of solid) |

|C. |(mass of Liquid 1 × mass of Liquid 2) ÷ (mass of solid) |

|D. |(mass of Liquid 1 - mass of Liquid 2) ÷ (mass of solid) |

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____ 38. In the procedure shown above, a calcium chloride solution is mixed with a sodium sulfate solution to create the products shown. Which of the following is illustrated by this activity?

|F. |The law of conservation of mass |H. |The law of conservation of momentum |

|G. |The theory of thermal equilibrium |J. |The theory of covalent bonding |

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____ 39. What are the coefficients that will balance this chemical equation?

|A. |2, 1, 1 |B. |3, 4, 2 |C. |2, 2, 1 |D. |4, 3, 2 |

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____ 40. Which additional product balances this reaction?

|F. |[pic] |H. |[pic] |

|G. |[pic] |J. |[pic] |

____ 41. Which chemical equation supports the law of conservation of mass?

|A. |[pic] |

|B. |[pic] |

|C. |[pic] |

|D. |[pic] |

[pic]

____ 42. What is the coefficient for H2O when the above equation is balanced?

|F. |1 |G. |2 |H. |3 |J. |4 |

____ 43. Aluminum metal and oxygen gas combine to produce aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Which of these is the balanced equation for this reaction?

|A. |[pic] |C. |[pic] |

|B. |[pic] |D. |[pic] |

____ 44. The reaction equation below shows the process of oxidizing iron. Balance the equation by calculating the coefficients.

[pic]

|F. |2, 3, 1 |G. |1, 1, 1 |H. |4, 3, 2 |J. |4, 2, 2 |

[pic]

____ 45. Which set of coefficients balances the equation?

|A. |3, 3, 1, 2 |C. |3, 2, 1, 6 |

|B. |6, 1, 1, 3 |D. |6, 2, 1, 6 |

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____ 46. The picture shows a model of the element —

|F. |fluorine. |G. |helium. |H. |beryllium. |J. |oxygen. |

____ 47. A certain atom has a nucleus containing six protons and eight neutrons and has six electrons orbiting the nucleus. This atom is a form of the element —

|A. |silicon |B. |carbon |C. |magnesium |D. |calcium |

[pic]

____ 48. Elements found in which shaded area of this periodic table undergo the fewest chemical reactions?

|F. |Q |G. |R |H. |S |J. |T |

____ 49. The bonding characteristics of oxygen are most similar to the bonding characteristics of —

|A. |hydrogen |B. |helium |C. |silicon |D. |sulfur |

____ 50. Which of these elements is most likely to donate one electron?

|F. |Be |G. |Cs |H. |Rn |J. |He |

____ 51. Two clear solutions are placed in separate beakers. The first solution has a pH of 4, and the pH of the second solution is unknown. If the two solutions are mixed and the resulting pH is 5, the second solution must have —

|a. |fewer suspended solids |c. |more dissolved salt (NaCl) particles |

|b. |a lower temperature |d. |a higher concentration of OH– ions |

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____ 52. The table shows data from an investigation designed to find a liquid solution that is both an acid and a strong electrolyte. Based on the data, a solution that is both an acid and a strong electrolyte is —

|a. |Solution 1 |c. |Solution 3 |

|b. |Solution 2 |d. |Solution 4 |

____ 53. Citric fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit, contain citric acid, yet they are safe to eat. What is the approximate pH of citric fruit?

|a. |1 |c. |7 |

|b. |5 |d. |10 |

____ 54. Water in a swimming pool has a pH of 6.8. If the desired pH is 7.5, what should be added to the water?

|a. |a base |c. |more water |

|b. |an acid |d. |chlorine |

____ 55. A student learns in health class that the contents of his stomach are highly acidic. He should expect that his stomach contents will most likely have a pH of -

|a. |1.6 |c. |8.1 |

|b. |5.4 |d. |13.2 |

____ 56. A beaker contains an unidentified solution. To safely determine whether the solution is an acid, a student could test the solution -

|a. |for a sour taste |c. |with a drop of oil |

|b. |by adding water |d. |with a strip of indicator paper |

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