Chapter 1 Measurements
[Pages:32]Chapter 1 Chemical Foundations
1.5 Significant Figures and
Calculations
Copyright ? 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1
Significant Figures in Measured Numbers
Significant figures
? obtained from a measurement include all
of the known digits plus the estimated digit.
? reported in a measurement depend on the
measuring tool.
2
Significant Figures
3
Counting Significant Figures
All non-zero numbers in a measured number are significant.
Measurement 38.15 cm 5.6 ft 65.6 lb 122.55 m
Number of Significant Figures
4 2 3 5
4
Sandwiched Zeros
Sandwiched zeros
? occur between nonzero numbers. ? are significant.
Measurement 50.8 mm 2001 min 0.0702 lb 0.40505 m
Number of Significant Figures
3 4 3 5
5
Trailing Zeros
Trailing zeros
? follow non-zero numbers in numbers without
decimal points.
? are usually place holders.
? are not significant.
Measurement 25 000 cm 200 kg 48 600 mL 25 005 000 g
Number of Significant Figures
2 1 3 5
6
Leading Zeros
Leading zeros
? precede non-zero digits in a decimal number. ? are not significant.
Measurement 0.008 mm 0.0156 oz 0.0042 lb 0.000262 mL
Number of Significant Figures
1 3 2 3
7
Learning Check
State the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements. A. 0.030 m B. 4.050 L C. 0.0008 g D. 2.80 m
8
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