Chapter 1 Measurements

[Pages:32]Chapter 1 Chemical Foundations

1.5 Significant Figures and

Calculations

Copyright ? 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Significant Figures in Measured Numbers

Significant figures

? obtained from a measurement include all

of the known digits plus the estimated digit.

? reported in a measurement depend on the

measuring tool.

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Significant Figures

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Counting Significant Figures

All non-zero numbers in a measured number are significant.

Measurement 38.15 cm 5.6 ft 65.6 lb 122.55 m

Number of Significant Figures

4 2 3 5

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Sandwiched Zeros

Sandwiched zeros

? occur between nonzero numbers. ? are significant.

Measurement 50.8 mm 2001 min 0.0702 lb 0.40505 m

Number of Significant Figures

3 4 3 5

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Trailing Zeros

Trailing zeros

? follow non-zero numbers in numbers without

decimal points.

? are usually place holders.

? are not significant.

Measurement 25 000 cm 200 kg 48 600 mL 25 005 000 g

Number of Significant Figures

2 1 3 5

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Leading Zeros

Leading zeros

? precede non-zero digits in a decimal number. ? are not significant.

Measurement 0.008 mm 0.0156 oz 0.0042 lb 0.000262 mL

Number of Significant Figures

1 3 2 3

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Learning Check

State the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements. A. 0.030 m B. 4.050 L C. 0.0008 g D. 2.80 m

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