Formation of joint stock company class 11

Formation of joint stock company class 11

Formation of joint stock company class 11 notes. Formation of a joint stock company class 11 ppt. How joint stock company is formed.

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If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. 1. SL.NO. NAME ROLL.NO. 1 ARITRA BANERJEE B070543CE 2 AVINASH KUMAR B070462CE 3 B.JAGADEESH REDDY B070549CE 4 MAYANK PANWAR B070311CE 5 PERALA SANGEETH KUMAR B070587CE 6

RAGHUL RAVINDRAN B070423CE 7 SRIRAM KIRAN VALAVALA B070449CE 2. Definition A Joint Stock Company is a voluntary association of individuals for profit, having its capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. A company is an incorporated association of persons formed usually for the

pursuit of some commercial purpose. Section 3(1) of Indian Companies Act, 1956-Company means a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing company ? Existing company means a company formed and registered under any of the previous company laws 3. A JSC is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more

individuals that own shares of stock in the company. Certificates of ownership ("shares") are issued by the company in return for each financial contribution. The shareholders are free to transfer their ownership interest at any time by selling their shareholding to others. 4. A voluntary association of persons who generally contribute capital to carry

on a particular type of business. Persons who contribute capital become members of the company. Company has a legal existence separate from its members, which means even if its members die, the company remains in existence. This type of company needs huge capital investment. The total capital of a JSC is called share capital and it is divided

into a number of units called shares. Members are also called shareholders. 5. In 1250, in Toulouse, France, Bazacle Milling Company traded 96 shares whose value depended on the profit of the company. In 1288, a Swedish company, Stora documented transfer of shares. In modern history, the earliest recognized company was the British East

India Company, was one of the most famous joint- stock companies. In 1602, the Dutch East India Company issued shares on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. The first JSC to be implemented in the America were The Virginia Company and The Plymouth Company. 6. It?s a separate legal entity, distinct from the people engaged in it. It involves three

sets of economic actors: 1. shareholders - provide financial capital in return for a share in the profits, 2. directors ¨C Their role is to: protect the interest of the share holders, to ensure the company is working within the law it does not trade in cases of bankruptcy. 3. employees - who work but, are legally not a part of the company 7. Characteristics of

JSC (Contd.) Compulsory Incorporation a voluntary association of persons formed and incorporated under the existing law. Artificial person created by legal process and not by natural birth. Even though it has no natural personality, it has legal personality Common Seal every company by law must have a common seal on which its name is

engraved. The common seal can serve as its signature. 8. Characteristics of JSC (Contd.) Perpetual succession men may come and men may go but a company remains forever. It can be wound up only under the provisions of the act. Limited liability usually the liability of members of a company is limited to the extent of uncalled or unpaid value of

shares held by them. Share capital 1. The capital required by the company is raised by issuing shares. 2. The member who holds the shares of a company can transfer its ownership any other person, without the company?s permission. 9. Characteristics of JSC (Contd.) Separation of ownership and management 1. The shareholders do not take active

part in the everyday affairs of the company. 2. Elected representatives known as Directors, who with the help of managers and employees manage the company. Legal Entity 1. It has separate legal existence compared to its members. 2. The members cannot be personally held responsible for the acts of the company. Large membership Owned by a

larger number of members. 10. Promotion is the discovery of ideas and organization of funds, property and skill to run the business for the purpose of earning income. Steps involved 1) Idea about Business 2) Investigation- make out plans as regards to the availability of resources like capital, means of transportation, labour, electricity, gas ,water, etc.

3) Assembling various Factors- like arrangement of licences, copyrights, employment of necessary employees, etc. 11. 4) Financial Sources 5) Preparation of Essential Documents like Memorandum, Articles and Prospectus of company. The promoters carryout these various activities to give the company its physical shape in the form of ? Giving a

name to the company ? Sanctioning of Capital Issue 12. The second stage for establishment 1)Filing of Document: Following documents are to be submitted by the promoters in the Registrar?s office a) Memorandum of Association ¨C indicates name, address, authorized capital etc. b) Articles of Association ¨C contains laws and rules for internal control

and management of a company. c) List of Directors - list of the names, occupations, addresses, along with the declaration of director. 13. d) Written Consent of Directors e) Declaration of Qualifying Shares- A declaration certificate showing that the directors have take n up qualifying shares and have paid up the money or pay it in near future to the

registrar. f) Prospectus g) Statutory Declaration ¨C stating that all legal formalities have been completed. 14. 2) Payment of Registration Fee - the registration fee is paid to the Registrar for ? Application and documents filing fee ? Registration fee ? Stamp fee on Memorandum and Articles 3) Certificate of Incorporation - If the registrar finds all the

documents right, he issues the certificate of incorporation to promoters. 15. After getting certificate of incorporation, the next stage is to make arrangement for raising capital by issuing i) Shares ii) Debentures iii) Savings CERTIFICATE OF COMMENCEMENT ¨C requires the fulfilment of following conditions a) Issue of Prospectus: A company has to

issue prospectus for selling shares and debentures to public. 16. b) Allotment of Shares c) Minimum Subscription - certified that the shares have been allotted up to an amount, not less than the minimum subscription. The Fourth and Final Stage After verifying the foregoing documents, the registrar issues the certificate of commencement of

business 17. 1) On the basis of Incorporation a) Chartered Companies i) Such companies are incorporated under a Royal Character (order) issued by the King or Queen or Head of the State. ii) Such companies have exclusive rights, powers and privileges under the royal charter. Example: East India Company, Bank of England 2) Statutory Companies

i) Such companies are formed under the special act passed by the Parliament or State Legislature. ii) The powers which can be exercised by such companies are defined by the Acts that constitute them. 18. Example: Reserve Bank of India, State Bank of India, Life Insurance Corporation 3) Registered Companies i) A company incorporated under the

Indian Companies Act, 1956 is called Registered Company. ii) The powers exercised by such companies are defined by the Companies Act and Memorandum of Association. iii) A registered company can be a Private Ltd. Company or a Public Ltd. Company 19. On the basis of liability of its members 1)Companies Limited by Shares i) the liability of the

members is limited to the extent of the unpaid value on shares. ii) Such companies may be a Public limited company or a Private limited company 2) Companies Limited by Guarantee i) Member guarantees to pay a fixed sum of money (specified in the memorandum) at the time of liquidation of the company for payment of companies liabilities. ii) Such

companies are formed without a share capital for non ¨C trading (non ¨C profit) purpose. iii) Depend on entrance and subscription fees as they do not have share capital. 20. 3) Unlimited Companies i) The liability of the members is unlimited. ii) In the event of winding up of the company. the private property of the member can be used to pay the debts of

the firm. iii)Due to the high risk involved, such companies are not found in India. On the basis of Membership 1) Private Limited Company A private limited company is the one which by its articles i) Limits the maximum number of its members to 50, minimum being 2. 21. ii) Places some restriction on the transfer of its shares iii) Prohibits any

invitation by prospectus or otherwise to the general public to subscribe to any of its shares or debentures iv) A private company must used the word ?Private Limited? after its name. 2) Public Limited Company i) It must have atleast 3 directors ¨C 1/3rd of the directors are permanent and 2/3rd are subject to retirement by rotation out of which 1/3rd

retire every year. ii) Shares can be freely transferred in a public company. iii) In case of a public company Statutory Meeting is compulsory. 22. On the basis of Ownership 1) Government Company i) Company in which not less than 51% of the paid ¨C up share capital is held by the Central Government and / or by any State Government(s) or partly by

the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments. ii) Follows provisions of the Indian Companies Act, 1956. Examples: Hindustan Machine Tools, Oil and Natural Gas Commission etc. 2) Foreign Companies: i) company which is registered in one country but carries out its operations in India. 23. On the basis of Shareholding 1)

Holding Companies i) A company which controls another company by holding a minimum 51% of shares and thereby controlling the composition of the board of the company. 2) Subsidiary Companies i) A company in which another company holds a minimum of 51% of share capital i.e. holding company is known as subsidiary company. 24. Private

Limited Company Public Limited Company 1. Membership: Minimum membership 2, Maximum Minimum membership 7, Maximum membership 50 membership unlimited 2. Formation Comparatively simple, certificate of Comparatively difficult as the procedure incorporation is adequate is lengthy. 3. Number of Directors: It must have at least two

directors It must have at least three directors 4. Transfer of Shares: The shares are not freely transferable Shares are freely transferable. 25. 5. Issue of Prospectus: It is allowed to issue prospectus It can issue prospectus 6. Commencement of Business: It can start the business after the It requires trading certificate for starting receipt of certificate of

incorporation. business 7. Suitability: Suitable for business on a small scale Suitable for large ¨C scale business. 8. Invitation: It cannot invite public to subscribe for It invites public to purchase securities of securities of the company the company. 26. 9. Allotment: It can allot shares immediately after Shares cannot be allotted unless incorporation

minimum subscription is collected. 10. Qualification shares: The directors need not hold The directors have to purchase some qualification shares qualification shares to become the director. 11. Directorship: There is no restriction on the number A director cannot be a director of more of directorship than 20 companies 12. Quorum: Two members

present in the meeting is a Five members present in the meetings is quorum at general meeting a quorum at general meeting. 27. A) There are three type of companies -Private Limited, Public Limited and Government companies on the basis of ownership B) Two types of companies - Indian and Foreign on the basis of nationality. 1) Private Limited

Company i) can be formed by at least two individuals having minimum paid¨Cup capital of not less than Rupees one lakh. ii) total membership of these companies cannot exceed 50. 28. iii) shares allotted to its members are also not freely transferable between them. iv) not allowed to raise money from the public through open invitation. v) are required

to use ¡°Private Limited¡± after their names. examples : Combined Marketing Services Private Limited, Indian Publishers and Distributors Private Limited Limited, etc. 2) Public Limited Company i) Min of 7members are required, no restriction on max no of members ii) must have minimum paid¨Cup capital of Rs. 5 lakhs. iii) shares allotted to the

members are freely transferable. 29. iv) can raise funds from general public through open invitations by selling its shares or accepting fixed deposits. v) required to write either ?public limited? or ?limited? after their names. Examples :Hyundai Motors India Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited, Jhandu Pharmaceuticals Limited etc. 3) Government

Company i) the Govt (either state or central Gvt or both) holds a majority share capital i.e., not less than 51%. ii) companies having less than 51% share holding by the govt can also be called Govt companies provided control and management lies with the Govt. 30. examples : Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited,

etc. 4) Indian Company i) A company having business operations in India and registered under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 ii) company may be formed as a public limited, private limited or government company. 5) Foreign Company i) a company formed and registered outside India having business operations in India. 31. Indian Companies Act

1956 defines share as ¡°a share in the share capital of a company and includes stock except when a distinction between stock and shares is expressed and implied¡±. Owned capital of a company divided into a large number of equal parts or units. Each such part having the same face value is called share. 32. 1.Equity Shares(Ordinary shares): Equity

shares are those shares which do not have, preferential rights with regards to (1) Payment of dividend (2) Repayment (return) of capital, in case of winding up of the company. 2.Preference Shares: Preference shares are those shares which have preferential rights over the equity shares with regards to: (1)Repayment of capital in the event of

liquidation / winding up of the company. (2)Payment of dividend. 33. Classification of Preference Shares: (I) On the basis of participation: (a) Participating Preference Shares (b) Non ¨C participating Preference Shares (II) On the basis of right to accumulate dividend: (a) Cumulative Preference Share (b) Non¨CCumulative Preference Shares: 34.

Classification of Preference Shares: (Contd.) (III) On the basis of Redemption: (a) Redeemable Preference Shares (b) Irredeemable/Non ¨C redeemable Preference Shares (IV) On the basis of Conversion: (a) Convertible Preference Shares (b) Non ¨C Convertible Preference Shares 35. 3.Bonus Shares: A part of the company?s profit is transferred to

reserves. Out of such reserves a company issues bonus shares. Such shares are issued to the equity share holders of the company free of charge. Infact bonus shares are also equity shares. 4.Deferred Shares / Founder Shares / Management Shares: These shares are issued to the promoters of the company. They rank last of all shares in respect of

payment of dividend and repayment of capital. Deferred shares are usually of a lower face value. Only private companies can issue deferred shares. 36. 5.Qualification Shares: The articles of a company usually require a director to hold certain number of shares to be eligible as a director. Such shares are called qualification shares. The directors must

obtain qualification shares within 6 months from his appointment as a director. If he does not purchase the qualification shares within the prescribed period he ceases to be the director of the company. He can purchase the shares from the company itself or from the stock market. 37. (a)Statutory Meeting The statutory meeting is held to inform the

shareholders in respect of matters relating to: Allotment of shares Receipts and payments made by the company, etc. Incorporation of the company. Details of preliminary expenses. Details of the contracts concluded by the company or changes in the existing contract. Details of further prospects of the company Any special matters which require

approval of the shareholders is placed before them at this meeting. 38. (b)Annual General Meeting Every company shall in each year hold (in addition to any other meetings) a general meeting of its shareholders. The purpose of holding such meeting is to review the progress and prospects of the company and to elect directors and auditors, as the

case may be. (c)Extra Ordinary General Meeting It is general meeting which is held between two annual general meetings. This meeting is called to discuss important and urgent matters which cannot be postpone till the next annual general meeting 39. A stock exchange is an entity that provides "trading" facilities for stock brokers and traders to

trade stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and

bonds. 40. Roles of Stock Exchange: 1.Raising capital for businesses 2.Mobilizing savings for investment 3.Facilitating company growth 4.Profit sharing 5.Corporate governance 6.Creating investment opportunities for small investors ernment capital-raising for development projects 8.Barometer of the economy 41. Market Capitalization Trade

Value Rank Economy Stock Exchange (USD Billions) (USD Billions) United States 1 NYSE Euronext 15970 19813 and Europe United States 2 NASDAQ OMX 4931 13439 and Europe Tokyo Stock 3 Japan 3827 3787 Exchange London Stock 4 United Kingdom 3613 2741 Exchange Shanghai Stock 5 China 2717 4496 Exchange Hong Kong Stock 6 Hong

Kong 2711 1496 Exchange Toronto Stock 7 Canada 2170 1368 Exchange 42. Bombay Stock 8 India 1631 258 Exchange National Stock 9 India 1596 801 Exchange of India 10 Brazil BM&F Bovespa 1545 868 Australian 11 Australia Securities 1454 1062 Exchange 12 Germany Deutsche Bores 1429 1628 Shenzhen Stock 13 China 1311 3572 Exchange

SIX Swiss 14 Switzerland 1229 788 Exchange BME Spanish 15 Spain 1171 1360 Exchanges 43. Partnership Joint Stock Company 1. Meaning: Here 2 or more people come together for It is voluntary association, artificial person doing some business and making profit created by law having a common seal and perpetual succession 2. Formation:

Relatively easy, less legal formalities Formation difficult, too many legal involved formalities involved. 3. Capital: It can raise limited capital due to limitation It can raise large capital due to large on the number of members and their members capacity 4. Liability: Liability of partners is unlimited joint and Members liability limited to the face value

several of shares 5. Ownership and Management: There is no difference in ownership and There is no difference in ownership and management management 44. 6. Flexibility: More flexible, compared to Joint Stock Less flexible compared to partnership firm Companies 7. Continuity and Stability: Lacks continuity and stability, business may Joint stock

company is continuous and come to an end with death, insolvency and stable, business does not come to an end insanity of partners with death insolvency or insanity of partners 8. Business Secrecy: Can be maintained to a certain extent No business secrecy 9. Government Regulation: Minimum government regulation Strict and excessive government

regulation 10. Taxation: Less compared to joint stock companies Subject to heavy taxation 45. 11. Decision making: Quick decision making Delay in decision making 12.Economies of scale: Less economies of scale as compared to Joint Stock Enjoys economies of scale as it undertakes Companies business on a large scale 13.Bargaining Power: Strong

bargaining power Generally weak bargaining power 14.Contractwith customers & employees: Close contact with customers and employees No contacts with customers and employees 15.Legal status: No legal status Possesses and a legal status 16.Act: Governed by Partnership Act, 1932 Governed by Companies Act, 1956 46. (i) Large financial

resources (ii) Limited Liability (iii) Professional management (iv) Large-scale production (v) Contribution to society (vi) Research and Development (vii) Bargaining Power (viii) Government Revenue (ix) Economic Development (x) Public Confidence (xi) Long Life 47. (i) Difficult to form (ii) Excessive government control (iii) Delay in policy decisions (iv)

Concentration of economic power and wealth in few hands (v) Labour Disputes (vi) Lack of Responsibility (vii) Lack of Secrecy (viii) Double Taxes (ix) Lack of contact with customers (x) Lack of contact with employees (xi) Conflicts of Interest (xii) Not suitable for all types of business 48. where the volume of business is large huge financial resources

are needed suitable for businesses which involve heavy risks which require public support and confidence Examples: production of pharmaceuticals, machine manufacturing, information technology, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilisers, cement

11-9493 Beirut, Lebanon: ... Website: : Auditors: Deloitte & touche ¨C Ernst & young p.c.c. Legal Officer: Sami Nahas: Formation and objective of the company The Lebanese Company for the Development and Reconstruction of Beirut Central District S.A.L. (SOLIDERE) was established as a Lebanese joint stock company on May 5,

1994 ... In this chapter students will look into sole proprietorship, Joint Hindu Family, Partnership, cooperative society and joint-stock company. In this revision notes of Class 11 CH 2 Business Studies by Vedantu, students will understand the merits, demerits and various characteristics of each type of Organisation. CBSE Class 11 Syllabus For

Business Studies 2022-23 ¡¤ Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business ¡¤ Unit 2: Forms of Business organizations ¡¤ Unit 3: Public ... Formation of the company ¨C stages, important documents to be used information of a company ... Departmental Undertakings, Statutory Corporations, and Government Company ... CBSE Class 11 Syllabus For

Business Studies 2022-23 ¡¤ Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business ¡¤ Unit 2: Forms of Business organizations ¡¤ Unit 3: Public ... Formation of the company ¨C stages, important documents to be used information of a company ... Departmental Undertakings, Statutory Corporations, and Government Company ... In this chapter students will look

into sole proprietorship, Joint Hindu Family, Partnership, cooperative society and joint-stock company. In this revision notes of Class 11 CH 2 Business Studies by Vedantu, students will understand the merits, demerits and various characteristics of each type of Organisation. Various forms of Business organisations include Sole Proprietorship, joint

Hindu family Business, partnership, cooperative societies, and Joint-stock companies. Chapter 2 of the Business Studies Class 11 NCERT textbook explains the different features of all these Business forms. In this chapter students will look into sole proprietorship, Joint Hindu Family, Partnership, cooperative society and joint-stock company. In this

revision notes of Class 11 CH 2 Business Studies by Vedantu, students will understand the merits, demerits and various characteristics of each type of Organisation. (a) A certificate of formation shall be canceled upon the dissolution and the completion of winding up of a limited liability company, or as provided in ¡ì 18-104(d), ¡ì 18-104 (i)(4), ¡ì 18-112

or ¡ì 18-1108 of this title, or upon the filing of a certificate of merger or consolidation or a certificate of ownership and merger if the limited liability company is not the surviving or resulting ... A stock derivative is any financial instrument for which the underlying asset is the price of an equity. Futures and options are the main types of derivatives on

stocks. The underlying security may be a stock index or an individual firm's stock, e.g. single-stock futures.. Stock futures are contracts where the buyer is long, i.e., takes on the obligation to buy on the contract maturity ¡­ CBSE Class 11 Syllabus For Business Studies 2022-23 ¡¤ Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business ¡¤ Unit 2: Forms of

Business organizations ¡¤ Unit 3: Public ... Formation of the company ¨C stages, important documents to be used information of a company ... Departmental Undertakings, Statutory Corporations, and Government Company ... 14/02/2018 ¡¤ JOINT STOCK COMPANY. Meaning ¨C Joint stock company is a voluntary association of persons for profit, having a

capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. FEATURES. 1. Incorporated association ¨C The company must be incorporated or registered tender the companies Act 1956. Without ... (a) A certificate of formation shall be canceled upon the dissolution and the completion of winding up of a limited

liability company, or as provided in ¡ì 18-104(d), ¡ì 18-104 (i)(4), ¡ì 18-112 or ¡ì 18-1108 of this title, or upon the filing of a certificate of merger or consolidation or a certificate of ownership and merger if the limited liability company is not the surviving or resulting ... Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation. The corporation may be a

business, a nonprofit organization, sports club, or a local government of a new city ... In Turkey, there are two types of companies: Joint Stock Company (JSC) and Limited Liability Company (LLC). 100% foreign ownership of a JSC is legally permitted under the Turkish ... 14/02/2018 ¡¤ JOINT STOCK COMPANY. Meaning ¨C Joint stock company is a

voluntary association of persons for profit, having a capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. FEATURES. 1. Incorporated association ¨C The company must be incorporated or registered tender the companies Act 1956. Without ... 11/08/2022 ¡¤ CME reported second-quarter revenue of $1.24 billion,

which was up 4.9% year over year, or more than 11% when adjusted for the formation of ¡­ 11/08/2022 ¡¤ CME reported second-quarter revenue of $1.24 billion, which was up 4.9% year over year, or more than 11% when adjusted for the formation of ¡­ Various forms of Business organisations include Sole Proprietorship, joint Hindu family Business,

partnership, cooperative societies, and Joint-stock companies. Chapter 2 of the Business Studies Class 11 NCERT textbook explains the different features of all these Business forms. Various forms of Business organisations include Sole Proprietorship, joint Hindu family Business, partnership, cooperative societies, and Joint-stock companies. Chapter 2

of the Business Studies Class 11 NCERT textbook explains the different features of all these Business forms. Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation. The corporation may be a business, a nonprofit organization, sports club, or a local government of a new city ... In Turkey, there are two types of companies: Joint Stock Company (JSC) and

Limited Liability Company (LLC). 100% foreign ownership of a JSC is legally permitted under the Turkish ... A stock derivative is any financial instrument for which the underlying asset is the price of an equity. Futures and options are the main types of derivatives on stocks. The underlying security may be a stock index or an individual firm's stock,

e.g. single-stock futures.. Stock futures are contracts where the buyer is long, i.e., takes on the obligation to buy on the contract maturity ¡­ Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation. The corporation may be a business, a nonprofit organization, sports club, or a local government of a new city ... In Turkey, there are two types of companies:

Joint Stock Company (JSC) and Limited Liability Company (LLC). 100% foreign ownership of a JSC is legally permitted under the Turkish ... Formation and objective of the company The Lebanese Company for the Development and Reconstruction of Beirut Central District S.A.L. (SOLIDERE) was established as a Lebanese joint stock company on May

5, 1994 based on Law N¡ã 117/91, and was registered on May 10, 1994 under Commercial Registration No. 67000. 14/02/2018 ¡¤ JOINT STOCK COMPANY. Meaning ¨C Joint stock company is a voluntary association of persons for profit, having a capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. FEATURES.

1. Incorporated association ¨C The company must be incorporated or registered tender the companies Act 1956. Without ... 11/08/2022 ¡¤ CME reported second-quarter revenue of $1.24 billion, which was up 4.9% year over year, or more than 11% when adjusted for the formation of ¡­ Formation and objective of the company The Lebanese Company for

the Development and Reconstruction of Beirut Central District S.A.L. (SOLIDERE) was established as a Lebanese joint stock company on May 5, 1994 based on Law N¡ã 117/91, and was registered on May 10, 1994 under Commercial Registration No. 67000. A stock derivative is any financial instrument for which the underlying asset is the price of an

equity. Futures and options are the main types of derivatives on stocks. The underlying security may be a stock index or an individual firm's stock, e.g. single-stock futures.. Stock futures are contracts where the buyer is long, i.e., takes on the obligation to buy on the contract maturity ¡­ (a) A certificate of formation shall be canceled upon the

dissolution and the completion of winding up of a limited liability company, or as provided in ¡ì 18-104(d), ¡ì 18-104 (i)(4), ¡ì 18-112 or ¡ì 18-1108 of this title, or upon the filing of a certificate of merger or consolidation or a certificate of ownership and merger if the limited liability company is not the surviving or resulting ...

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