Origin and Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes
Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes
Integrated Science 2 Name: Period:
Formation of Galaxies
1. Galaxies begin as a _____________________________ in space
2. The cloud __________________ under the force of it’s own ____________________, forming galaxies of a variety of shapes.
3. Our galaxy, the ____________________________ is a spiral galaxy, consisting of a _____________________ surrounded by arms that rotate in a _______________________.
4. Solar systems similar to our move around in this galaxy in a ________________________.
Formation of Solar Systems
• Within each galaxy are many ______________________ (plural of nebula).
• A nebula is ____________________________________________________ from which stars and eventually solar systems are formed.
• Nebula can be _________________________________ depending on the chemical makeup of the __________.
How a Nebula Becomes a Solar System – the ____________________________ Hypothesis
1. A rotating cloud of gas _____________________________________.
2. to form a thin disk around the forming ________________ at the center
3. Planets grow from ______________________________ in the disk and are left behind when the disk clears.
Formation of OUR solar system
• Our sun was the _____________________ of that cloud of dust and gas.
• As the planets formed, the _____________________ ones were pulled closest to the ___________. They are called ___________________________ )Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars)
• The ___________________ planets moved toward the _________________ portion of the solar system. They are called ______________________ or Gas Giants. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
• Pluto is now thought to be a ______________________, most likely a captured comet who was draw in the by gravity of the sun and placed in an orbit around it (similar to ___________________)
Planetary Development
Terrestrial planets go through the same 4 stages of development
1. DIFFERENTIATION – heavier materials move to the ________________ of the planet, lighter materials move to the _________________ portion while it is still molten ___________________.
2. BOMBARDMENT – planets receive surface features due to _______________ from space debris (there was much more debris in the early universe!)
3. FLOODING – planets were covered with ______________________________ or ________________, filling in lower areas.
4. SURFACE EVOLUTION – planets continue to change their look from ___________________, ___________________, or ________________________.
Jovian planets (gas giants) all when through __________________________, but we are unsure about development after that. We DO know that they are constantly influenced by __________________ that move through their thick __________________________.
Formation of Moons and Rings
Planets have moons for 2 different reasons
• A large object in space ________________________, throwing out debris that collected into a __________________ (Ex: Earth’s moon)
• _____________________ have been captured by the planet when they came too close, getting trapped by the ____________________________ of the planet (Ex: The moons of Mars)
• All planets have moons except __________________ and ________________.
Some planets also have rings
• Rings are either ____________________________________________ but trapped in its gravitational field OR they are rings of debris from ________________________ ________________________.
• Only the ___________________________ have rings.
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