Origin and Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes



Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes

Integrated Science 2 Name: Period:

Formation of Galaxies

1. Galaxies begin as a _____________________________ in space

2. The cloud __________________ under the force of it’s own ____________________, forming galaxies of a variety of shapes.

3. Our galaxy, the ____________________________ is a spiral galaxy, consisting of a _____________________ surrounded by arms that rotate in a _______________________.

4. Solar systems similar to our move around in this galaxy in a ________________________.

Formation of Solar Systems

• Within each galaxy are many ______________________ (plural of nebula).

• A nebula is ____________________________________________________ from which stars and eventually solar systems are formed.

• Nebula can be _________________________________ depending on the chemical makeup of the __________.

How a Nebula Becomes a Solar System – the ____________________________ Hypothesis

1. A rotating cloud of gas _____________________________________.

2. to form a thin disk around the forming ________________ at the center

3. Planets grow from ______________________________ in the disk and are left behind when the disk clears.

Formation of OUR solar system

• Our sun was the _____________________ of that cloud of dust and gas.

• As the planets formed, the _____________________ ones were pulled closest to the ___________. They are called ___________________________ )Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars)

• The ___________________ planets moved toward the _________________ portion of the solar system. They are called ______________________ or Gas Giants. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)

• Pluto is now thought to be a ______________________, most likely a captured comet who was draw in the by gravity of the sun and placed in an orbit around it (similar to ___________________)

Planetary Development

Terrestrial planets go through the same 4 stages of development

1. DIFFERENTIATION – heavier materials move to the ________________ of the planet, lighter materials move to the _________________ portion while it is still molten ___________________.

2. BOMBARDMENT – planets receive surface features due to _______________ from space debris (there was much more debris in the early universe!)

3. FLOODING – planets were covered with ______________________________ or ________________, filling in lower areas.

4. SURFACE EVOLUTION – planets continue to change their look from ___________________, ___________________, or ________________________.

Jovian planets (gas giants) all when through __________________________, but we are unsure about development after that. We DO know that they are constantly influenced by __________________ that move through their thick __________________________.

Formation of Moons and Rings

Planets have moons for 2 different reasons

• A large object in space ________________________, throwing out debris that collected into a __________________ (Ex: Earth’s moon)

• _____________________ have been captured by the planet when they came too close, getting trapped by the ____________________________ of the planet (Ex: The moons of Mars)

• All planets have moons except __________________ and ________________.

Some planets also have rings

• Rings are either ____________________________________________ but trapped in its gravitational field OR they are rings of debris from ________________________ ________________________.

• Only the ___________________________ have rings.

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