Project G - Be GLAD
Project G.L.A.D.
Mt. Diablo Unified
Frogs and Toads: Life Cycle
Idea Pages
Unit Theme: Include cross-cultural sensitivity theme
• Change occurs in nature
• All people experience change
Concepts
• Many animals experience metamorphosis
• Metamorphosis is observable
Mt. Diablo Unified School District Science Framework - Second Grade
• Living things change (life cycles, characteristics, and classifications)
• Living things change and each change has a function
• Living things have life cycles that are characteristic of their species
• Groups of living things are related because they share essential features that are different from other living things
Vocabulary (*signifies signal words)
*metamorphosis habitat burrow
*amphibian adaptation cold-blooded
*camouflage carnivore spawn
*herpetologist hibernation mature
*predator female male
*prey tadpole polliwog
II. English Language Arts Skills
Mt. Diablo Unified School District Standards and Benchmarks
- Second Grade
Reading: 1.6., 2.1., 2.2., 2.4., 2.5., 2.7., 2.8., 3.4., 3.5.
Writing: 1.1., 1.2., 1.3., 1.4., 2.1.
Listening/Speaking: 1.2., 1.3., 1.4., 1.8., 1.9., 2.1., 2.2.
Math / Science / Social Studies Skills
Mt. Diablo Unified School District Math Standards and Benchmarks - Second Grade
Measurement: 1.1., 1.3.
Statistics: 1.1., 1.4.
Reasoning: 1.2.
Project G.L.A.D.
Frogs and Toads: Life Cycle
Planning Pages
Focus and Motivation
• Signal words
• Positive Behavior Reinforcements
• Read aloud – Frog and Toad are Friends
• Picture Card Files
• Inquiry Chart
• Chants
• Tadpole Observation Experience
• Realia
• Teacher-Made Big Book –
Lifecycle of a Frog/Toad
The Important Thing about Frogs and Toads
• Overhead Greeting and Directions
• Affirmations – verbal, kinesthetic, visual
I. Input
• Frog/toad pictorial input chart
• Narrative – Toad is the Uncle of Heaven
• Timeline – lifecycle of a frog
• Picture card files with a semantic map
• Process grid – short oral readings to gather information
• Map of the world depicting habitats
• 10-2 lecture – with T-bar: Frogs and Toads/Alike and Different
• Tadpole to Frog Observations
• Directed drawing
• Observation of Tadpoles
• Expert Groups – types of frogs/toads
• Video Study Guides (graphic organizers)
• Focus Questions
• Overhead Introduction
II. Guided Oral Practice
• T-Bar Chart – cooperation, inclusion
• Farmer in the Dell with Picture File Cards
• Chants – Frogs Here, Toads There
Dem Frogs
• Songs - Ten Speckled Frogs
Ba-roop Went the Little Green Frog
• Personal Interaction - Timeline
• Think-Pair-Share
• Heads Together
• Picture Card Files with Process Grid
• Four Corners – habitats
• Round Robin
• Ask and Answer/Silent Mingle
III. Reading and Writing
A. Whole Group Activities
• Total class modeling of reading, writing, listening and speaking
• Highlight skills in context
Reading
• Teacher-made Big Book Readers’ Theatre
• Ear to ear reading Overhead for Pre-reading
• Shared Book Hip to Hip Reading
• Word Bank Poetry/Chants
• Reading the Walls Retellings/readings
Writing
• Literary Star Group Frame
• Cooperative Strip Paragraph Writer’s Cube
• Mind-mapping Language Experience
• Quicksketch/write Word Wall
• Cloze Chants Farmer in the Dell
• Thematic Word Book OHP-Skill lessons
• Shared Writing
Listening/Speaking
• Directed Drawing
• Diamond Details
• Hot Seat
• Reciprocal Questions
B. Teacher-directed Small Group Activities –
Homogeneous, Flexible Groups
Reading
• Hot Spots List Group Label
• Vocabulary Circle Game Choral Reading
• Ear to Ear Reading Overhead Reading
• Popcorn Reading Retelling
• Primary Language Books Cut-up Sentences
• Guided Reading Re-read Mini Book
• Hip to Hip Reading Re-read Chants
Writing
• Group Frame Farmer in the Dell Sentence strips
• Language Experience Cloze Chants
• Literary Star Sentence Strips
Listening/Speaking
• Listening Center Diamond Details
• ELD lessons Cloze Poems
• Retellings Oral Book Sharing
• Author’s Chair
Team/Individual Activities and Tasks
Reading
• Literature Circles Book Baskets – SSR
• Thematic Word Cards Multicultural/lingual library
• Fiction/non-fiction library Read/illustrate Chants
• Read/illustrate mini-book
Writing
• Farmer in the Dell book Picture Dictionary
• Reproduce pictorial Literary Star
• Silent Sustained Writing Mind-mapping
• Response Logs Herpetologist Log
• Journals Strip Books
• Quicksketch/write Chant Extensions
Listening/Speaking
• Listening Center Oral Sharing of Team Projects
• Partner Oral Directed Draw
Literacy Centers
• Pocket Chart Chants/Poetry Thematic Book Baskets
• Pocket Chart Illustrate Chants/mini-book
Farmer in the Dell
• OHP activities Alphabetize Word Bank
• Writer’s Cube Farmer in the Dell Extensions
• Thematic Word Cards Picture File Card Stories
• Strip Book Writing/Reading the Walls
Alphabetize Word Cards
• Sequence Word Bank Cards - Record Word Bank words in log
#letters, beginning sound..Use words in sentences
C. Writer’s Reader’s Workshop
• Mini-lesson
• Choice
• Conference
• Author’s/Reader’s Chair
IV. Extended Activities for Integration
• Leapfrog
• Expert Groups – types of frogs
• Role Play
• Guided Imagery
• Music/Movement
• Art
• Math – measurement, story problems
• Living Wall –habitat
V. Home/School Connection
Interactive activities which are directly related to the content learnings
VI. Closure/Evaluation
• Process Grid
• Drawings with labels
• Individual timelines
• Oral retellings
• Plays, presentations, demonstrations
• Student-made big books
• Round Table
• Herpetologist Log
• Student self-evaluation
• Portfolio
• Process Grid
• Four Corners
• Puzzle Pieces
• Backtrack
• Reflection Journal
• Student Voice
• Blue Label Review
Certificates
Day One
Signal Word – Metamorphosis
Focus/Motivation
Behavior Expectations – Good eye contact, good work position, and good listening
Positive Behavior Reinforcements – “Herpetologist Awards”
Team Cooperation Awards –
T-Bar Chart – Cooperation
Picture File Cards with Focus Questions – Cooperative Groups
Choose the most interesting picture to share with the class
Inquiry Chart – What do you know about frogs and toads? What questions do you have?
Input
Pictorial Input Chart – A Frog’s Body
Guided Oral Practice
Chant – The Important Thing about Frogs and Toads (Stanzas 1 and 2)
Farmer-in-the-Dell – Frogs and Toads
Reading and Writing
Flexible ELD Group – The Important Thing about Frogs and Toads
Team Task – Label Picture File Cards with post its
Individual Task – Herpetologist Log – Recreate Frog Pictorial
Illustrate - The Important Thing about Frogs and Toads
Guided Oral Practice
Song - Ten Speckled Frogs
Reading and Writing
Day Two
Signal Word – Metamorphosis
Focus/Motivation
Overhead greeting and instructions
Interactive Journal Review – use of vocabulary
Home/School Connection Review – share at tables
Guided Oral Practice
Farmer-in-the-Dell – Team Sentence
Input
Narrative Input Chart with 10-2 Lecture– Lifecycle of a Frog
Flexible ELD Group – Preview/Review –
Lifecycle of a Frog Big Book
Team Task- Farmer-in-the-Dell Team Sentence
Individual Task-
Big Book – Lifecycle of a Frog Big Book Reenactment
Guided Oral Practice
Chant – The Important Thing about Frogs and Toads
Extended Learning Activities
Leapfrog – Recreate the Narrative Input Chart
Reading/Writing
Group Frame – The lifecycle of the frog is very interesting.
Closure/Evaluation
Home/School Connection- Recreate the Lifecycle of a
Frog Narrative
Interactive Journals
A Frog’s Life:
Metamorphosis
When the weather starts to warm and there is plenty of water, frogs lay eggs.
The eggs look like a small black dot surrounded by jelly.
The black dot turns into a tadpole shaped like a comma.
Tadpoles have feathery gills to breathe in water.
Now the tadpole’s back legs are growing!
Now the arms are growing! The tadpole goes to the surface of the water to gulp air.
The tail is shrinking. The tadpole is now a froglet.
The froglet becomes a frog and hops onto land!
That’s metamorphosis!
|What did you learn from the frog pictorial? |What did you learn from the life cycle story? |
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|What did you learn from the chant? |What did you learn from the “Star?” |
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Frog/Toad Pictorial
1. Frogs and toads are special animals. You have probably read or heard stories about them.
(Personal Interaction: think of a story or book you know that has a frog or toad as a character)
They are called amphibians which means “double life.” In the case of the frog and toad, this means that they live on both land and in water. There are many, many, many different kinds of frogs and toads (over 3,500) in the world. They almost all live in warm, wet places. Let’s learn about a frog’s body.
2. A frog’s skin protects him from predators in several ways:
First, a thin, moist layer of mucus covers a frog’s body. This mucus not only acts like a lotion and keeps the frog from drying out; it also keeps predators from holding on to the frog.
3. Some frogs have brightly colored skin. This bright skin is like a commercial; it just dares predators to attack. These brilliant frogs usually have poison glands under their skin. If a predator grabs one of these frogs he will be sorry!
4. Some frogs have skin the color of the water or land of their habitat. This is called camouflage. It allows the frog to hide and sit quietly and wait for prey to come near. With the frog well concealed, he is able to quickly ambush his prey with the flick of his tongue!
5. A frog’s skin is very thin. This allows him to take in oxygen through his skin (it’s another way to breathe!). It is also how a frog drinks. Frogs do not use their mouth to drink; they use their skin!
6. Notice the bulging eyes of a frog on top of his head. A frog spends much of his time sitting in the water. With his eyes above the surface of the water he can watch for danger. The frog’s eyes are also very large. This helps him to hunt by sight, both during the day and at night.
7. The nostrils of the frog are also on top of his head. This allows him to breathe and smell when he is lying in the water. Perhaps he is waiting for his prey to wander by!
8. The frog’s teeth are small; therefore his mouth is wide. This allows him to gulp down his prey whole. No chewing here!
9. Notice that the legs of the frog are very long and strong for take off and leaping. It uses its short arms and hands to help soften its landing.
10. The shape of a frog’s feet depends on its habitat. Digging frogs have knobs and strong joints to help it burrow. Climbing frogs have long slender toes that wrap around the stems of plants. Frogs that live in trees have sticky disks at the end of their feet to help them grasp leaves. Frogs that spend most of their time in water have webbed toes to help them push against water.
Follow-up: Blue Label Review
Adapted from various sources by Joyce Densmore-Thomas and Diane Burns
Frog Lifecycle Timeline
(A typical story)
1. When the weather starts to warm and water is available, the males and females begin their courtship near a water source such as a pond or swamp. They usually return to where they were hatched. To attract a female the male begins to croak, click, buzz, squeak, trill, pop, whistle or grunt (depending on his species) at night.
2. The female lays up to 3,000 eggs (most of which don’t survive due to predators-only about 100 will hatch) and then leaves to find food since she hasn’t eaten all winter. The eggs look like a small black dot surrounded by a sphere of slippery jelly. They are grouped together and are called frog spawn. The egg itself provides the nourishment for the developing tadpole.
3. In about 2 weeks the black dot has become shaped like a comma and is now called a tadpole. (Toad eggs become polliwogs.) The tadpole pushes its way out of the jelly to look for food. At this young age they mostly eat the green algae (“scum”) found in the water.
4. The tadpoles have gills to breathe under water. See the feathery growth on the sides of the tadpole? These are the gills. Like a fish, the tadpole takes water in through its mouth, passes it over its gills, takes out the oxygen it needs in its blood and then the water escapes through the small hole on the side of its body. This hole is called a spiracle.
5. At this stage the tadpole is beginning its metamorphosis into a frog. Its back legs develop and it begins to eat worms and small insects. The tadpole spends much of its time hiding from predators. Remember, very few eggs survive.
6. As the tadpole begins to develop lungs to breathe air, one of the front legs begins to develop in the spiracle. This means that the tadpole cannot use its gills anymore. Its gills shrink and the tadpole must start going to the surface of the water to “gulp” air to breathe. It can also breathe (get oxygen) through its skin. The tadpole’s arms are beginning to develop now. Notice that the tadpole still has its tail!
7. During the time that the tail begins to shrink back into the tadpole’s body it does not eat. It gets its nourishment from the shrinking tail. As the tail shrinks, the back legs develop so that the tadpole, now a froglet, can swim and jump.
8. Though a frogs and froglets must always stay near water, the froglet is now ready to leave the nesting ground of the water and adventure onto land. With luck, it will grow into an adult and return to its hatching place to become a parent itself! What a metamorphosis!
Adapted from various sources by Joyce Densmore-Thomas and Diane Burns
The Important Thing about Frogs and Toads
The important thing about frogs and toads is that they go through a metamorphosis.
They are amphibians.
They live in trees, swamps, ponds and deserts.
They crawl, glide, hop and leap,
But the important thing about frogs and toads is that they go through a metamorphosis.
They have eyes and nostrils on top of their heads.
They have strong back legs for leaping.
They have toes for climbing, digging, or grasping,
But the important thing about frogs and toads is that they go through a metamorphosis.
They begin as eggs in jelly.
They turn into tadpoles or polliwogs.
They grow lungs and legs to become froglets.
But the important thing about frogs and toads is that they go through a metamorphosis.
Frogs Here, Toads There
Frogs here, toads there,
Frogs and toads everywhere!
Male frogs croaking,
Warty toads burrowing,
Web-toed frogs gliding,
And dry-skinned toads crawling.
Frogs in the rainforest,
Toads in the desert,
Frogs in the swamps,
And toads in the pond.
Frogs here, toads there,
Frogs and toads everywhere!
Amphibians! Amphibians! Amphibians!
Adapted by Joyce Densmore-Thomas and Diane Burns
Metamorphosis:
A Frog’s Life
When the weather starts to warm and there is plenty of water, frogs lay eggs.
The eggs look like a small black dot surrounded by jelly.
The black dot turns into a tadpole shaped like a comma.
Tadpoles have feathery gills to help them breathe in water.
Now the tadpole’s back legs are growing!
Now the arms are growing! The tadpole goes to the surface of the water to gulp air.
The tail is shrinking. The tadpole is now a froglet.
The froglet becomes a frog and hops onto land!
That’s metamorphosis!
Adapted from various sources by Joyce Densmore-Thomas and Diane Burns
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