Particles & Waves



East Lothian CouncilParticles & WavesPractice AssessmentThe Standard ModelThere are 2 types of Hadron commonly known:.Name the two types of HadronsDescribe what makes up each typeDuring beta decay a Neutron changes to a Proton emitting Beta radiation and what other Lepton?Forces on charged particlesAn old TV Cathode Ray Tube uses the voltage applied between the cathode and the anode of a device to accelerates electrons in a vacuum to produce an image on the screen.The potential difference between the cathode and the anode is 2·50 kV.Explain what is meant by the term “Electric Field Potential” and explain how it is used to accelerate an electron in a Cathode Ray Tube.The electron starts from rest at the cathode.Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron when it reaches the anode.(The charge on an electron is 1·6 x 10-19 C)The electron continues to move from left to right as shown and enters a magnetic field with field lines going into the page.Determine the initial direction of the external force exerted on the electron by the magnetic field.Nuclear reactions & SpectraThe Sun is the source of most of the energy on Earth. This energy is produced by nuclear reactions which take place in the interior of the Sun.One such reaction can be described by the following statement.The masses of the particles involved in this reaction are shown in the tableName this type of nuclear reaction.Calculate the energy released in this reaction.The Sun emits a continuous spectrum of visible light. When this light passes through hydrogen atoms in the Sun’s outer atmosphere certain wavelengths are absorbed.The diagram shows some of the energy levels from the hydrogen atom.Use the diagram to determine the number of lines that could be expected in the emission spectrum due to the energy levels shown.State what happens when an electron makes a transition from energy level E3 to energy level E2. Explain which electron transition between these levels produces radiation with the longest wavelength. An electron makes the transition from energy level E2 to energy level E0 and radiation is emitted.Calculate the frequency of this radiation.Wave particle dualityA metal plate emits electrons when certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are incident on it.The work function of the metal is 2·24 × 10–19 J.Electrons are released when electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 525 nm is incident on the surface of the metal plate.Show that the energy of each photon of the incident radiation is3·79 × 10–19J.Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of an electron released from the surface of the metal plate.The frequency of the incident radiation is now varied through a range of values. The maximum kinetic energy of electrons leaving the metal plate is determined for each frequency.A graph of this maximum kinetic energy against frequency is shown.Explain why the kinetic energy of the electrons is zero below the threshold frequency fo.Show by calculation which of the following EM Radiations is above the threshold frequency fo.EM RadiationFrequency (Hz)Microwaves2.5 x 109Low Infrared3.5 x 109High Infrared4.0 x 1012Red Light4.8 x 1012.Interference and DiffractionA student is investigating the interference of sound waves.The student sets up a signal generator, two loudspeakers and a sound level meter as shown. This is done in the middle of a large hall.3.2m4.8m3.2m4.8mPoint P is the same distance from both loudspeakers.The sound level meter records a maximum sound level at P. As the detector is moved from P to Q, a minimum sound level is detected and then another maximum sound level is detected at Q.Explain, in terms of waves, how a maximum sound level is produced at Q.The distances from the loudspeakers to point Q are shown in the diagram. Use this information to determine the wavelength of the sound.The sound level meter is now moved to the next point at which a minimum sound level is detected before one of the speakers is then turned off.Predict what will happen to the sound level at this point when the speaker is turned off.Refraction of lightA student is carrying out an experiment to determine the refractive index of a diamond.The student passes a ray of monochromatic light through a piece of diamond as shown in the diagram.State what is meant by the absolute refractive index of a material.Calculate the refractive index of the diamond for this light using the results in the diagram.Light with a wavelength of 630 nm is incident on a block of glass. The refractive index of the diamond for this light is 2.3.Calculate the wavelength of the monochromatic light in the glass block.QuestionKey areaAssessment Standard 2.1KUAssessment Standard 2.2Problem solving typesPredictingSelecting Processing Analysing 1 (a)The Standard ModelX1 (b)The Standard ModelX1 (c) The Standard ModelX2 (a) (i)Forces on charged particlesX2 (a) (ii)X2 (b)Forces on charged particlesX3 (a) (i)Nuclear reactionsX3 (a) (ii)Nuclear ReactionsX3 (b) (i)SpectraX3 (b) (ii)SpectraX3 (b) (iii)SpectraX3 (b) (iv)SpectraX4 (a) (i)Wave particle dualityX4 (a) (ii)Wave particle dualityX4 (b) (i)X4 (b) (ii)X5 (a)Interference and DiffractionX5 (b)X5 (c)X6 (a) (i)Refraction of lightX6 (a) (ii)X6 (b)X ................
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