Environment and Climate Change

Viet Nam

Environment and Climate Change Assessment

Viet Nam

Environment and Climate Change Assessment

? 2013 Asian Development Bank

All rights reserved. Published 2013. Printed in the Philippines.

ISBN 978-92-9254-131-6 (Print), 978-92-9254-132-3 (PDF) Publication Stock No. RPS135693

Cataloging-In-Publication Data

Asian Development Bank. Viet Nam: Environment and climate change assessment.

Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2013.

1. Environmental management. 2. Climate change. 3. Viet Nam. I. Asian Development Bank.

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Contents

Tables and Figures

iv

Currency Equivalents

v

Abbreviations

vi

Acknowledgments

vii

I. Introduction

1

II.Environment and Climate Change in Viet Nam: Issues and Challenges

2

A. Drivers of Environmental Degradation and Climate Change

2

B. Viet Nam's Natural and Mineral Resources

4

C. Predicted Climate Threats

5

D. Impact of Climate Change on Development

7

E. Transboundary Issues Linked to Environmental Management and Climate Change

11

III.Institutional Framework for Environment and Climate Change

12

IV.Environmental and Climate Change Mainstreaming

17

V. ADB's Support Program

19

VI. Development Cooperation

22

VII.Mapping an ADB Strategy for Viet Nam Operations

24

VIII. Moving from Strategy to Action

27

IX. Guiding Principles

31

Appendixes

1. Review of Climate Change Scenario and Impact Assessment Studies

36

2.ADB Country and Regional Assistance for Environment and Climate Change

in Viet Nam

41

3. Climate Change Donor Assistance

48

4. Funds Through ADB for Carbon Finance, Adaptation, and Environmental Initiatives 51

5.Globally Available Funds and Facilities for Carbon Finance, Adaptation, and Environmental Initiatives52

References

54

iii

Tables and Figures

Tables

1 Key Climate Change Scenario and Impact Assessment Studies

6

2 Predicted Climate Change Impacts in Viet Nam

9

3 Key Government Strategies and Plans on Environment and Climate Change

13

4 ADB Approach to Climate and Environment Activities in Viet Nam (by Sector)

32

Figures

1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Viet Nam by Sector, 1980?2030

2

2Areas under Inundation in the Mekong Delta Region of Viet Nam in 2100

under an Assumed 1.0-Meter Sea-Level Rise

7

3 ADB's Strategic Approach to Environmental Management and Climate Change

26

iv

Currency Equivalents

(as of 12 December 2012)

Currency Unit = dong (D)

D1.00

= $0.00005

$1.00

= D20,846.00

v

Abbreviations

ADB

? Asian Development Bank

AFD

? Agence Fran?aise de D?veloppement

ANR

? agriculture and natural resources

AusAID ? Australian Agency for International Development

CCWG ? Climate Change Working Group

CIF

? Climate Investment Fund

DONRE ? Department of Natural Resources and Environment

EIA

? environmental impact assessment

GDP

? gross domestic product

GHG

? greenhouse gas

GMS

? Greater Mekong Subregion

GMS EOC ? GMS Environment Operations Center

ha

? hectare

IFPRI

? International Food Policy Research Institute

IMHEN ? Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment

IPCC AR4 ? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report

km

? kilometer

Lao PDR ? Lao People's Democratic Republic

m3

? cubic meter

MARD ? Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

MOC

? Ministry of Construction

MOIT

? Ministry of Investment and Trade

MONRE ? Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MOT

? Ministry of Transport

MPI

? Ministry of Planning and Investment

MRC

? Mekong River Commission

NGO

? nongovernment organization

NTP-RCC ? National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change

PMR

? Partnership for Market Readiness

PRC

? People's Republic of China

REDD

?United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries

SEA

? strategic environmental assessment

TA

? technical assistance

UNDP ? United Nations Development Programme

UNFCCC ? United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

vi

Acknowledgments

This report was managed by Lauren Sorkin, environment and climate change specialist, Viet Nam Resident Mission (VRM) and Pradeep Tharakan, climate change specialist, Southeast Asia Department (SERD), Energy Division. The report was written by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Centre for Environmental Management. Guidance and support were provided by Tomoyuki Kimura, country director, VRM; Ancha Srinivasan, principal climate change specialist, and Richard Bolt, advisor, Office of the Director General, SERD. Useful comments were provided by the ADB social development team, including Bart Edes, director, Poverty Reduction, Gender and Social Development Division, Regional and Sustainable Development Department; Suphachol Suphachalasai, economist, Economics and Research Department; and the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Environment Program team led by Sanath Ranawana, senior natural resources specialist, SERD. Thanks are also due to Pham Quang Phuc, environment officer; Huyen Le, environment and climate change consultant; and Dang Huu Cu, external relations officer; VRM; as well as to the staff of the Department of External Relations for their support in publishing the report.

vii

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