Student Handout: Project #2 Basic Electricity



PROJECT #2 BASIC ELECTRICITY

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Background Information for Project 2

In a mechanical system, you have seen that the work done is the product of the force (F) applied in the direction of the motion and the distance (d) moved. Therefore, work (W) can be thought of as the product of a quantity that causes motion and the measure of the resulting motion.

Background Information for Project 2

In a mechanical system, the work done is the product of the force (F) applied in the direction of the motion and the distance (d) moved. Therefore, work (W) can be thought of as the product of a quantity that causes motion and the measure of the resulting motion.

F F W=Fd

d

This concept can be applied in an electrical system as well. The quantity that causes motion is the voltage difference and the measure of the motion is the charge. Therefore, work in an electrical system can be calculated by:

Work = (voltage difference) x charge

W = Vq, where V = voltage difference and

q = charge

Electric motors transform electrical energy into mechanical energy to perform tasks. Motors may turn fans to move air, operate pumps to move fluids, and turn metalworking machines such as lathes, mills, and drills. Therefore, the purpose of most electrical devices is to convert electrical work into other forms of work or energy, such as energy of motion, heat, light, or sound.

The motion of charge through conductors will transform some of the electrical energy into heat. In devices such as toasters, ovens, and hair dryers, the heat is wanted and is useful. In other devices such as an incandescent light bulb, computers, and televisions, the heat is an unwanted byproduct caused by the operation of the device.

In electrical systems, the amount of electrical energy used is important. In fact, the bills that we receive from the electric company are based on the energy that we use. In many electrical systems, however, not only is the energy used important, but so is the rate at which the energy is delivered. All electrical devices are rated on the rate of use of electrical energy. This rate is called

power (P) and is measured in watts.

Power = work/time

Power = (voltage x charge)/time

Power = voltage x charge/time

Power = voltage x current

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Basic Electrical Vocabulary

Ampacity

Amperes (amps)

Battery

Branch circuit

Circuit breaker

Current (I)

Fuse

Ground

Hertz (Hz)

National Electrical Code

Ohm’s Law

Ohms (Ω)

Overcurrent

Panelboard

Parallel

Power (P)

Receptacle

Resistance (R)

Series

Voltage (E) (V) (Volts)

Watts

Assignment for Basic Electricity Project

Internal Proposal Report

A proposal is a process/problem-based report, usually five to six sections including a memo-type heading. You will want to include the overall dollar budget.

Parts of a Proposal:

HEADING:

TO:

FROM:

DATE:

SUBJECT: (similar to a title) Proposal for ………….

INTRODUCTION:

Present main idea of report and summarize proposal in one paragraph. (Paragraph)

PROBLEM:

Summarize problem to be solved in one paragraph. Explain the present state of the space and what electricity and electric use is in it now. (One short summary paragraph; include any electrical hazards present)

SOLUTION OR RECOMMENDATION: (REQ)

Explain process you are planning to carry out to solve problem (what you want to do with the present space). You will want to include the following:

LIST OF ITEMS TO BE INSTALLED AND SPECIFICATIONS: you'll need to list the items and the volts, amps, power, etc. (List or Table)

LIST OF ELECTRICAL REFITTINGS NEEDED: tell what needs to be done to be able to use the above items. (Table) can be done in Excel with auto calculations

COSTS: In this section you explain what the cost of each expense is and how the overall amount fits within the budget. A table is a good feature to use here. Introduce it with a sentence or two. (Separate table or part of table with specs)

SCHEDULE/TIMETABLE: In this section you show how much time your proposed process will take and on what schedule it will be completed. (Table) optional

CONCLUSION:

Tell what you above proposal will accomplish and why it is a good idea to follow through with it. You may want to explain when budgeted costs may change, for example, in 60-90 days. (One short paragraph)

EVALUATION: by teaching team according to student team-created rubric

CRITERIA FOR ELECTRIC PROJECT PROPOSAL (student designed ‘05)

1 = Weak 2 = Moderately Weak 3 = Average 4 = Moderately Strong 5 = Strong

Electricity Problem:

1. The student has determined the facts of a problem and what additional information is needed to understand it.

1 2 3 4 5

2. The student develops appropriate reasons to support the answers.

1 2 3 4 5

3. The student makes a proposal for solution of the problem based on the answers.

1 2 3 4 5

4. The student’s problem solving employs the accurate factual calculations.

1 2 3 4 5

5. The student’s problem solving shows an understanding of the concepts or topics in the electricity unit and uses acceptable vocabulary.

1 2 3 4 5

Written Proposal Assignment:

6. Each paragraph in the proposal starts with a topic sentence.

1 2 3 4 5

7. The organization of the proposal is clear and easy to follow in a neatly typed and formatted report.

1 2 3 4 5

8. The proposal’s content fulfills all the requirements of the project.

1 2 3 4 5

9. The proposal is concise (not wordy) and explained using correct vocabulary in clear paragraphs, lists and tables.

1 2 3 4 5

10. The spelling, punctuation, and grammar are in acceptable standard English.

1 2 3 4 5

Additional Comments: ___________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Total Points/Grade: __________

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Problem Scenario for Basic Electricity

You are a new engineering school graduate who wants to rehab a two-car garage room into a comfortable recreation room. You know you will be living here for a couple of years until you can afford something better. You want to make the place comfortable and fun to live in and entertain friends. You'll need a list of all the electrical items you want to use in the room. The power for the storage room is a single 120-volt line from a 20-amp circuit breaker on the main line. Two fluorescent lights (60 watts each) are in the garage now. Some of the items on the list can be..

❑ TV/VCR

❑ Microwave oven

❑ refrigerator

❑ toaster oven

❑ stereo

Your team will investigate the power requirements of these appliances and develop a plan that will make the most effective use of the room's electrical circuit yet still meet local electrical codes. What kind of circuit is needed? The plan will indicate capital expenditures not to exceed $1,000 (or an amount decided by you?) and will predict monthly operational costs.

You will submit to your landlord (parents, etc) a comprehensive report describing the process necessary to complete the renovation, including time and cost projections as well as any foreseeable problems.

Performance Expectations

□ Investigate the power needed to support a number of electrical appliances using Ohm’s Law.

□ Determine a plan to equip a recreation room using available electrical power and budget.

□ Measure voltage and current and determine power in an electrical circuit.

□ Write a process-based report for solving problem.

□ Have opportunities for self-evaluation, peer evaluation, and team evaluations. Proposal will be evaluated and graded by the faculty team.

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Objectives

□ Students will study Ohm’s Law and learn the difference between series and parallel circuits

□ Students will use appropriate electrical terminology and accurate electrical information in order to solve the module problem.

□ Students will investigate electrical hazards.

□ Students will employ problem-solving and teaming skills [pic] !"#$%&'(*+,-=bc € öòçÞöл¯¡Ž„öjWIöò9ò9hJYÇB*[pic]CJOJ[?]PJQJ[?]phjhØ[?]

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