Antibiotics and Antifungals - Triton College
Antibiotics and Antifungals
-Infection- an invasion of by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease
-For infection to develop, certain conditions must be present
-Food
-Oxygen (presence or absence)
-Moisture
-Heat
-pH of 5 to 8 (slightly alkaline)
-Darkness
-Aerobic- bacteria that can survive only in presence of oxygen
-Anaerobic- bacteria that can survive without oxygen
-Infectious disease- disease caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another
-The immune system
-External immune system- protects against infection because of normally functioning defenses
-Internal immune system- made up of microscopic substances whose specialized function is to fight infection
-Antibodies- proteins that either destroy or stop the growth of certain types of microorganisms
-Antibodies make the body immune to great many infections
-Immunization- able to stimulate the body to produce antibodies against disease-producing microorganisms
-Antibiotics- antimicrobial agent, either natural or synthetic, that kills or stops the growth of other organisms
-Antibiotics kill microorganisms
-Directly, indicated with a suffix of cidal (known as bactericide)
-Keep them from growing, indicated with a suffix of static (known as bacteriostatic)
-When a physician prescribes an antibiotic, three points must be considered
-Condition of patient’s defense system
-Type of infection and its cause
-Type of drug and its effects
-Broad-spectrum antibiotic- antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of pathogens
-Narrow-spectrum antibiotics- antibiotics that are effective against specific pathogens
-Resistance- the ability of a particular microorganism to resist the effects of a specific antibiotic
-Hypersensitivity- an exaggerated response to a drug or other foreign agent
-Superinfection- secondary infection that occurs while the antibiotic is destroying the first infection
-Types of antibiotics
-Penicillins
-Cephalosporins
-Tetracyclines
-Macrolides
-Aminoglycosides
-Sulfonamides
-Quinolones
-Miscellaneous antibiotics
-Aztreonam
-Chloramphenicol
-Antifungals- drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
-Fungi- plantlike parasitic microorganisms
-Antivirals- drugs that are synthetic and developed to fight specific viruses
-When administering medications, always follow proper body substance isolation precautions and specific isolation precautions for each patient
-Refer to page 135 for proper isolation precautions
-Refer to page 139 for the representative drugs of antimicrobials
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