Antibiotics and Antifungals - Triton College



Antibiotics and Antifungals

-Infection- an invasion of by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease

-For infection to develop, certain conditions must be present

-Food

-Oxygen (presence or absence)

-Moisture

-Heat

-pH of 5 to 8 (slightly alkaline)

-Darkness

-Aerobic- bacteria that can survive only in presence of oxygen

-Anaerobic- bacteria that can survive without oxygen

-Infectious disease- disease caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another

-The immune system

-External immune system- protects against infection because of normally functioning defenses

-Internal immune system- made up of microscopic substances whose specialized function is to fight infection

-Antibodies- proteins that either destroy or stop the growth of certain types of microorganisms

-Antibodies make the body immune to great many infections

-Immunization- able to stimulate the body to produce antibodies against disease-producing microorganisms

-Antibiotics- antimicrobial agent, either natural or synthetic, that kills or stops the growth of other organisms

-Antibiotics kill microorganisms

-Directly, indicated with a suffix of cidal (known as bactericide)

-Keep them from growing, indicated with a suffix of static (known as bacteriostatic)

-When a physician prescribes an antibiotic, three points must be considered

-Condition of patient’s defense system

-Type of infection and its cause

-Type of drug and its effects

-Broad-spectrum antibiotic- antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of pathogens

-Narrow-spectrum antibiotics- antibiotics that are effective against specific pathogens

-Resistance- the ability of a particular microorganism to resist the effects of a specific antibiotic

-Hypersensitivity- an exaggerated response to a drug or other foreign agent

-Superinfection- secondary infection that occurs while the antibiotic is destroying the first infection

-Types of antibiotics

-Penicillins

-Cephalosporins

-Tetracyclines

-Macrolides

-Aminoglycosides

-Sulfonamides

-Quinolones

-Miscellaneous antibiotics

-Aztreonam

-Chloramphenicol

-Antifungals- drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi

-Fungi- plantlike parasitic microorganisms

-Antivirals- drugs that are synthetic and developed to fight specific viruses

-When administering medications, always follow proper body substance isolation precautions and specific isolation precautions for each patient

-Refer to page 135 for proper isolation precautions

-Refer to page 139 for the representative drugs of antimicrobials

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