Unit 1: Density and connections



centercenterUnit 1: Density and connectionsSTUDENT NOTES PACKETAbstractThis unit covers the overarching topic of density as well as all of the introductory course work which includes developing inferences from observations and increasing familiarity with the Earth Science Reference Tables.STUDENT NAME:____________________________________________9410077300Unit 1: Density and connectionsSTUDENT NOTES PACKETAbstractThis unit covers the overarching topic of density as well as all of the introductory course work which includes developing inferences from observations and increasing familiarity with the Earth Science Reference Tables.STUDENT NAME:____________________________________________After Unit 1 you should be able to:Understand how to make observations and develop inferences in Earth ScienceCalculate density using the proper unitsWork interchangeably within the density equation to determine mass or volume of a substanceUnderstand that density describes how much matter is in a given volume of a solid, liquid, or gasUnderstand the properties of volume and massUnderstand how substances in a mixture behave when they have unique densitiesUnderstand that heat expands the volume of a substance and decreases the density, and that cooling a substance decreases the volume and increases the densityNavigate the reference tables that use density in some wayCalculate volume and use the water displacement methodConvert milliliters to cubic centimetersUnderstand that density of a uniform substance does not change regardless of sizeUnderstand how convection currents formUnderstand the special circumstance surrounding water and densityUnit 1 vocabulary you should be able to use and understand: FormulaMassVolumeDensityGramsMilliliterCentimeterCubic centimeterElectronic balanceWater displacementRatioMatterContractExpandCrustTectonic platesContinental crustOceanic crustConvergent boundaryObservationInferenceTriple Beam BalanceElevationJovian planetsTerrestrial planetsConvection currentsThe scientific method is driven by a balance between making accurate observations and developing reasonable inferences from those observations. This course requires you to think with a scientific mind. Being able to develop sound, evidence-based inferences from observations made in Earth Science will ensure your success.Making ObservationsObservations are made using the five senses:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Of these five, the sense of __________________________ is the most commonly relied upon sense in Earth Science investigationsObservations often require the use of _____________________________________________________________ to be accurate. A scientific instrument is any tool that you can use to make measurements or additional observations.Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4279000177800019227328636000611949524784002184972286000Making InferencesAn inference is an ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________For example: A student discovers a very large boulder in upstate New York that does not match local bedrock in the area. An inference could be that the boulder was transported by glaciers. The student observed the differences in bedrock, but did not see glaciers transport the rock, however there is supporting evidence for glaciers covering the area.20129796985000520774427475600Density is a property of matter that is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. Understanding how density impacts the behavior of interacting substances is critical in Earth Science.The Equation in the Earth Science Reference TablesDensity = -------------------------------------------Before we get into the equation as a whole, let’s consider the components:mass and volumeWhat is mass?Mass is the ___________________________________________________________________________________________________. It is very similar to ________________________________ but is not the same.Object with a high mass: an _________________________________, containing iron157612919441400Object with a low mass: a __________________________________3947160543690052548311020370061214004254500What is volume?Volume is __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________Container with a large volume: _________________________________________________________________Container with a low volume: __________________________________________________________________How do you find an object’s mass?Place the object on an __________________________________________________________________________________________________________A triple beam balance requires you to find the _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5139690183515002542847048500263080514171400How can you determine an object’s volume?If the object is a _________________________________________________________, like a rectangular prism, the volume can be determined mathematically by performing the following calculation (_________________________________________________________________)When performing such a calculation, centimeters are used. When multiplied (#cm x #cm x #cm), the appropriate units are _________________________.413893055245008953506159500513270517780000How can you determine an object’s volume?The second method is _____________________________________________________________. Measure the preexisting amount of water in a container, then gently place the sample in the water. Record the ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________. This value is the volume of the sample in milliliters (________________________).________________________________________, so these units may be used interchangeably, although milliliters are commonly used for liquids or irregular samples. 552867910604500625169315920800Before finally diving into density, let’s consider our earlier examples for understanding mass.Which is heavier, a pound of iron from the anvil, or a pound of feathers? ________________________________________A pound of which material would take up the most volume? __________________________________________________Let’s look back at the equation:Density = mass/volumeDensity is simply the ratio of the amount of mass (matter) inside the space of an objectSo in our feathers and anvil example, we can say that the ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________26299064826000Sample Problem:477924123178300An Earth Science student is trying to determine the density of a sample of basalt she discovered in the field. The sample has a mass of 60 grams and a volume of 20 mL. 31890191093500What is the density of the sample? Density = mass / volumeSolution: ____________________________________ g/mL What if an object is cut in half? Does the density change?A student has a wooden block that has a mass of 36 grams and a volume of 48 cm3. The density is _____________________________________________After cutting the block in half, the mass is now 18 grams, and the volume is 24 cm3. The density is ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________45563298057900How can the density of a substance change?Density will ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Most materials decrease in density by increasing in volume during ________________________If the material cools, it will contract and become denser.49336663149400What do less dense materials tend to do when mixed with more dense materials?Less dense materials ____________________________________________________________________More dense materials ___________________________________________________________________497459026384700In liquids and gases, this results in the formation of ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________Convection commonly takes place in the _________________________________ and in a layer of the Earth known as the _________________________________________.Things to know about density in Earth Science:The Earth is layered based on density, with _________________________________________________________________________________________, pulled there by gravityPlanets _______________________________________________________________ (Terrestrial: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) _____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ (Jovian: Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus)When air warms, it will ____________________________ and become ___________________________________________________________________More things to know about density in Earth Science:When air cools it will _____________________ and become ____________________________________________________________________________Earth’s crust is made up of plates of varying densities. ________________________________________________ (oceanic crust, made of basalt) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (continental crust, made of granite) _______________________________________________________________________________________________The density of liquid water is ___________________________ at about 4 oC, and it decreases as it freezes to ice.Convective circulation caused by #’s 3 and 4 results in hurricane, monsoon, and land and sea breeze formation (covered in Unit 12)493304010787400154471816295800-6181326082003200400610300Relevant Reference Tables for Density4005580141780094297523495-6824316396800-6825100762200 ................
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