Installation of ”Ion Beam Analysis”



Win-95/NT Installation Manual

Ion Beam Analysis

Table of Contents

HARDWARE / SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 1

SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 2

APL Installation 2

Ion Beam Analysis Installation 2

Win-95 Desktop Icon 3

SCREEN SETUP 4

STARTING THE APL / IBA PROGRAM 5

IBA TUTORIAL 5

DATA COMMUNICATION 7

Format of IBA Data 7

HARDWARE / SOFTWARE Requirements

The following components are required:

HARDWARE -

• Video card to enable 1024x768 or 1280x1024 (16 color) graphics.

• 8MB memory

• 30 MB of free harddisk space for the APL+IBA software.

The following hardware components are desirable:

• Intel Pentium CPU (75MHz or faster)

• 16MB memory

• Color Printer (e.g. HP-870 Deskjet)

• 20” (50cm) Monitor capable of handling 1280x1024 graphics.

SOFTWARE -

The IBM software package called “APL for Windows” is required. Consult any IBM sales office for information for purchase of this product.

Software Installation

APL Installation

APL is the compiler of the “Ion Beam Analysis” (IBA) program. The IBA program is compiled line-by-line during execution. APL is widely used for complex scientific applications because it allows errors to be corrected during execution without crashing the program. The IBA software which you run is the source-code, which is compiled in real-time by APL for immediate execution, so need to have the APL software package..

All of the following instructions will assume that you will install the APL and IBA software on your harddisk, Disk D, in a directory called APL. If you choose a different drive, or a different directory name, you will need to correct all of the below commands to point to the correct place. There is no system requirement to be in any specific location.

DO NOT ACCEPT THE DEFAULT DIRECTORY:

C:\My Programs\IBMAPL2

The space in “My Programs” will cause serious problems.

Once you have the *.EXE file, You can install APL by using your mouse to click on START, RUN, BROWSE, and then point to the IBMAPLBn.EXE file. This will initiate the normal Win-95 installation program. Consider placing the software on your disk D, in a directory called APL, however any other place would be OK. Please note that the default storage location of APL is: C: /APL2. You must change this at the start of the APL installation to D: /APL if you wish to have it installed there.

When asked, specify a “Normal” installation”. After the installation is completed, you may erase the original IBMAPLBn.EXE file.

Ion Beam Analysis Installation

Download the IBA file. You will download the file IBA.ZIP (about 1.3MB). The same package contains both Win-95 and OS/2 versions of the programs (they differ by only 1 small file).

Using Windows Explorer, or using DOS commands, you need to make two new directories: D:\IBADATA and D:\APL\IBA. For example, start Windows Explorer. Click once in the left window on the diskdrive, e.g. D. Then, using the menu-bar, click on FILE, then NEW, then FOLDER. Type in the name IBADATA, then OK. Next click again in the left window on D:APL, and again on the menu bar click on FILE, NEW, FOLDER. Type in the name IBA, then OK. (Use similar commands if you prefer to use DOS commands.)

You will now unpack the IBA software (IBA.ZIP) which you downloaded from the web site. This IBA.ZIP file was created with all the information to recurse the included files into the correct subdirectories on your harddisk.

• If you use PKUNZIP (a DOS program) you must use the following DOS commands. These commands will put all the files into the correct sub-directories:

CD D:\ (moves you to the root D drive)

PKUNZIP -d A:IBA.ZIP (the “-d” causes the files to be placed correctly)

• If you use WinZip (a common Win-95 utility) specify automatic allocation of files, or use the following table to place each file into the correct directory.

The files contained in IBA.ZIP must go into the following directories:

|Filename |Directory |Comments |

|IBA.BAT |D:\APL\BIN |The startup program for Win-95 systems |

|IBA.CMD |D:\APL\BIN |The startup program for OS/2 systems |

|*.AVF |D:\APL\FONTS |Fonts required for the plotting package |

|IBA.APL |D:\APL\IBA |The primary IBA software package, about 4MB |

|IBA.SYS |D:\APL\IBA |Setup parameters for network communications. This file will be created when you |

| | |run the IBA setup program. |

|IBA.ICO |D:\APL\IBA |A desktop icon for OS/2 systems |

|*.DAT |D:\IBADATA |Sample IBA datasets showing correct data formats. |

| | | |

|IBA.DOC |D:\APL\IBA |Tutorial Manual for IBA software (MS-WORD 6.0). |

|ITUTFIG.ZIP |D:\APL\IBA |Figures for Tutorial Manual in GIF format. |

|IBA_Win.DOC |D:\APL\IBA |Installation of IBA in Win-95 systems (MS-WORD 6.0) |

|IBA_OS2.DOC |D:\APL\IBA |Installation of IBA in OS/2 systems (MS-WORD 6.0) |

|Readme.txt |D:\APL\IBA |Readme about the Zip Package. |

Win-95 Desktop Icon

You will now make up a desktop icon to initiate the IBA program.

• Place your mouse on your desktop. Press the right mouse button.

• Select New

• Select Shortcut

• Command Line: D:\APL\BIN\IBA.BAT

• Press NEXT

• Name for Shortcut: Ion Beam Analysis

• Press NEXT

• Select any Icon

• Press FINISH

This should put an icon called Ion Beam Analysis on your desktop. You will now modify it to specify the operational parameters.

• Left click once on the IBA icon. It will highlight.

• Click the right mouse button.

• Select PROPERTIES

• Working directory : D:\APL\BIN

• Run: Minimized

• Check the box “Close on Exit”

• Select SCREEN

• Usage: Window

Press APPLY and OK.

Screen Setup

IBA screens contain instructions, help, comments, commands and a separate plot window. It is best to use as high a screen resolution as you can. Typically, 1280x1024 (16 colors) is good. This requires a video board with 1MB of memory. It is difficult to read the characters with a screen resolution below 1024x768.

To set the screen resolution, use your mouse right-button to click anywhere on your desktop background. Select Properties from the pop-up menu. The screen resolution is usually found under Appearance or Settings. Try setting the resolution at 1280x1024. The system will only let you do this if your memory is adequate.

You may need to later change the size of your desktop icons, and the text size of these icons if they are too small with a resolution of 1280x1024.

It is also suggested that you change the border for the Active Window. This is the thin line surrounding each window. You may set the system so that whichever window is Active (this is the program which will be receiving keyboard input commands) is a different color so that it is easy to recognize. In IBA there are several windows, and some users find it helpful to have a clear indicator of which window is active.

To change the active window border, you will use the same menus as used above for setting the screen resolution.

Right Click on the desktop backgound

Select Properties

Select Appearance

Select Item

Active Window Border

Set Size = 6

Set Color = Red (any other color is OK)

Apply

OK

Starting the APL / IBA Program

You should now have an icon on your desktop called “Ion Beam Analysis”. When you double-click on this icon, you should start APL and the program IBA should be initiated and a window on your desktop opened. If this happens, all the major problems are over!!!!

You now have to tailor the APL environment to that needed by the Ion Beam Analysis program. APL is an operating environment which contains both programs and data. APL will automatically start the program SETUP when you first start IBA. This will establish the primary parameters for your computer setup, and save them in a file called IBA.SYS. If you ever need to update these parameters, you will need to exit the IBA ANALYSIS program by entering the command q , and then typing the single work SETUP (all uppercase letters) and press ENTER.

This program will set up special parameters about your computer, and about how you will get data from disks or from a network. It is easiest to ignore any network connections for now, and get the program started by assuming that your data will be on a floppy disk or on your harddisk. Network installation may be done at any later time by just restarting SETUP.

This SETUP will ask you about your operating system (Win-95 or OS/2), your monitor size, on which disk you stored APL and IBADATA, and about any installed networks. Finally it will ask you to resize the window, and then open a second window which will be used for all the plotting graphics.

If the SETUP program crashes with an error that says: … AP207 ERROR... Then indicates the number “16”, it means that it can not find the plotting fonts. This means that you have installed IBA.ZIP wrong, and the files are not in the correct subdirectories. To check this, look at the directory APL\FONTS. There should be 60 fonts in this subdirectory with names: *.AVF. If any of these AVF fonts are missing, then the installation was not done correctly. Reinstall using the instructions on page 3.

IBA Tutorial

The IBA tutorial is found in the file \APL\IBA\IBA_WIN.DOC which was contained in the IBA.ZIP package that you downloaded. It is written in Microsoft Word (6.0). Print out a copy. The figures for this tutorial need to be separately printed. Because of possible troubles in printing figures, there are two sets of figures included. Unzip the file \APL\IBA\TUTFIGBW.ZIP to get two B/W sets of figures at different printer resolutions (these are *.GIF files). You will need to use a commercial picture-viewer to display and print one set. One simple way is to use a Web Browser. For example, using Netscape Navigator (3.0):

Open Netscape Navigator

Select File

Select Open File

Look in D:\APL\IBA\*.GIF

Double click on any figure to display

Click on PRINT

You may have to change your browser resolution settings to print a figure to one page. Commercial picture viewers usually do this automatically.

These figures should be placed on the separate pages at the end of the Tutorial which contain the figure captions. The figures should be placed in the text at the indicated page numbers.

You may execute the tutorial at any time. No other data will be needed.

The version of IBA that you download has been updated since the Tutorial was written. You should print out the table of the current IBA commands. These are found under Help in the IBA Analysis program. These commands are more recent than the table presented in the Tutorial.

data Communication

Format of IBA Data

The IBA data which you want to import into IBA must be stored in a file called filename.DAT. This allows the program to search for this data. The file must be written with exactly 24 ASCII characters to a line, each line terminated with a carriage return, and with the following format (periods have been inserted to indicate spaces). A sample datafile, STANDARD.DAT, is included in the software in directory “\IBADATA”.

Data Line

Number Comments

Name =Spectrum 01 Name for DOS disk file (8 characters)

Date =07-07-96 02 Date in format mm/dd/yr

Ion.Number.......=2..... 03 Atomic Number

Ion.Mass.........=4.0026 04 Atomic Mass (amu)

Ion.Energy.(keV).=2300.. 05 Energy (keV)

Charge.(uC)......=10.... 06 micro-Coulombs

Target.Tilt......=7..... 07 Zero = target normal directly upstream*

Det. Angle(Horiz)=170... 08 Detector angle in "horizontal" plane*

Det. Angle(Vert.)=0..... 09 Detector angle in "vertical" plane*

Solid.Angle.(msr)=3.744. 10 Detector solid angle (mille steradian)

Det.Resol.(keV)..=20.... 11 Detector resolution (FWHM) in keV

MCA.(keV/Channel)=5..... 12 MCA setup: keV/channel

SpectraOffset(ch)=0..... 13 Spectra offset from zero (channels)

Ion.Charge.State.=1..... 14 Default = 1 if zero

ERDFoil Type.....=0..... 15 ERD Foil Type (see Table)

ERDFoil Thick(um)=0..... 16 ERD Foil Thickness (microns)

Detector Type .=1..... 17 0=none, 1=Au SBD, 2=Al SBD

Spare.Data.......=0..... 18

Spare.Data.......=0..... 19

Spare.Data.......=0..... 20

Spare.Data.......=0..... 21

Spare.Data.......=0..... 22

Numb..of.Spectra.=5..... 23 Number of spectra in datafile

Channel/Spectrum.=512... 24 Size of each spectrum

Target.#1:.NiSi.on.Si... 25 24 Character name tag (spectrum #1)

.....0....12...130...342 26 Data for spectrum #1

...744..1022..2787..2789 27 more data

......(data.omitted..... 28

The first 11 lines record the experimental setup data. The first line is the datafile name (up to 8 characters in DOS filename format). The second line is the experimental date in the format shown (mm-dd-yy). If you don’t use this format, the program may crash (my apologies for those who normally use yy-mm-dd or dd-mm-yy). The next 13 lines contain data in columns 19 - 24 (columns 1-18 in each line explain each input, but are not read).

* Lines 07-09 define the scattering geometry (the tilt of the target to the beam, and the direction to the detector). Our definitions follow those traditionally used in nuclear physics. For simplicity, we assume that the target tilt AXIS is vertical and the target tilts so its normal is in the horizontal plane. (If your target-tilt axis is not vertical, then tilt your head to align it to the target tilt axis and use the perceived angles from this cocked perspective for the following.) If the target is directly facing the beam, this is defined as zero tilt. If the target tilts towards the detector, then this is a positive tilt angle, otherwise it is a negative tilt angle. If the detector is directly over/under the beam, then the sign of the tilt angle will not matter.

The detector may be in any position. Use spherical coordinates to define the detector position. Assuming the spherical axis is vertical, define zero longitude as where the beam exits. Hence the beam enters at 180o. If the detector is in the horizontal plane (the plane swept out by a target normal), then its latitude (vertical angle) is zero. Typical backscattering angles are 150o-170o. If a backscattering detector is in the vertical plane (directly above/below the incident beam) then the horizontal angle is 180o, and the vertical angle may be 10o-30o. If the detector is in neither horizontal nor vertical plane, then use both angles to describe its position, e.g. horiz. = 170o / vert. = 20o.

For ERD experiments, use similar angles. For example, if the detector is in the horizontal plane, with the target tilted +60o, then the detector might be at horiz.=40o-70o / vert.=0. Note that if the target is tilted 60o then the detector can not be at less than horiz. = 30o, since this would be behind the target plane.

The combined target tilt plus detector angles defines your scattering geometry.

For ERD spectra where there sometimes is an absorbing foil before the detector, insert the details in lines 15 and 16. If there is no foil, these numbers should be zero. The foil “type” is selected from the below table:

Detector Absorber-Foil Material

Number Foil Material g/cm3 Atomic Stucture

1 Mylar / Melinex 1.397 H-8,C-10,O-4

2 Polyimide / Kapton 1.430 H-10,C-22,N-2,O-5

3 Lexan / Makrofol 1.200 H-14,C-16,O-3

4 Formvar / PMMA 1.310 H-8,C-5,O-2

5 Polyethelene/Marlex .930 H-4,C-2

6 Carbon Foil 2.253 C-100%

7 Aluminum Foil 2.702 Al-100%

8 Silicon Foil 2.321 Si-100%

9 Nickel Foil 8.896 Ni-100%

10 Gold Foil 19.311 Au-100%

11 Beryllium Foil 1.848 Be100%

The data in lines 17-22 are spare, and can be used for any other experimental data. They are not used in the IBA program. Lines 23-24 identify the rest of the data: Line 23 is the number of spectra, and line 24 is the number of data points per spectrum. Line 25 is comment line for spectrum #1, and may contain any 24 ASCII characters, which will appear when the data is plotted in the IBA program. Finally, catenated to the above are the data, four numbers per line, with an allowed six characters per number. The total number of data numbers = (number of spectra)(number of data points/spectrum). Each spectrum is separated by a comment line for that spectrum. Any number of spectra may be saved in a single data file.

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