Chapter 13 Theory Review - Cengage



Instructions: After you have completed the theory review, compare your answers to the correct answers below.

1. Explain why it is important to know basic makeup techniques even if you plan to focus on providing hair and chemical services to clients.

(Answers will vary, but may include the idea that clients may appreciate your input on how they can look their best and have a total look that is harmonious or balanced. This includes using makeup that is appropriate for them and accentuates their hair style.)

2. Foundation can be used to (conceal dark spots, blemishes, and other imperfections)

3. List the forms of foundation:

a) (liquid)

b) (stick)

c) (cream)

4. What are the most important considerations when choosing a foundation for a client?

(Answers may vary, but will likely include the idea that choosing the right color is very important in creating a natural look and not revealing a line of demarcation where the foundation stops and the natural skin begins. It is also important to match the foundation to a client’s skin type. An acne-prone client will not benefit from an oily foundation, for example.)

5. Explain how to choose the correct foundation color. (To choose the correct foundation color, have the client sit in a well-lit area. Apply a small amount of the foundation product to the jawline. It is important that the color chosen matches the skin on both the face and neck. If the color of the foundation is too light, it will look dull and chalky. If the color is too dark, it will look muddy or splotchy.)

6. If the foundation is too light, how will it appear? (Dull and chalky)

7. If the foundation is too dark, how will it appear? (Muddy or splotchy)

8. How should foundation makeup be applied to the skin? ___(With a disposable makeup sponge) _______________________________________________

9. What is a line of demarcation? (An obvious line where the foundation starts or stops)

10. Why would a color primer be applied to the skin? ___(To cancel out and help disguise skin discoloration.)

11. Why would a skin primer be applied to the skin? ___(To fill in fine lines, gaps, or other uneven surfaces on the skin and make the skin appear smoother. It is also called simply a primer.)

12. What are concealers used for?

a) (Hide dark eye circles)

b) (Hide dark splotches)

c) (Hide other imperfections)

13. What may happen if concealer color is not matched perfectly to skin tone? (It may draw attention to the area instead of hiding it.)

14. Explain how to apply concealer. (Use a clean spatula to remove some of the product from the container, and place it on a palette or a tissue. Dip a sponge into the product and gently apply it by patting the sponge over the area that needs concealer. It can also be applied directly to the area using a disposable cotton swab and then blended by gently tapping with a makeup sponge.)

15. List three uses for face powder.

a) (Absorb excess oil)

b) (Minimize the shine of oily skin)

c) (Set the foundation)

16. What are the three main ingredients in a face powder?

a) (Talc or cornstarch)

b) (Color pigments)

c) (Pressing agents or binders)

17. Describe how loose face powder is applied: (Loose powder is applied with a large powder brush. Remove some loose powder from the container and place it in a disposable cup or tissue. Dip the brush in the powder and fluff it across the face. Make sure all areas of the face are covered, and remove any excess powder. You can also use a disposable cotton ball to apply loose powder.)

18. Should powder puffs ever be used in the salon? Why? (No, because they cannot be easily cleaned)

19. What is the purpose of cheek color? (It is used primarily to add a natural-looking glow to the cheeks; it is also used to add a little extra color to the face.)

20. What forms does cheek color come in?

a) (Powder)

b) (gel)

c) (cream)

21. Name three places on the face where blush should not be applied.

a) (The apple of the cheek)

b) (Beyond the corner of the eye)

c) (Between the cheekbone and the nose)

22. Lip color must blend with a client’s (hair and eye color) and any other makeup that is used.

23. After lip color has been removed from the container, how is it applied? (Begin by applying at the outer corners and work toward the middle. Repeat on the opposite side. Connect the center peaks using rounded strokes, following the natural lip line. Repeat on the bottom lip.)

24. When is it appropriate to apply lip color directly from its container?

__(Only if it belongs to the client)

25. How do you choose a lip liner color? (Choose a color that coordinates with the chosen lipstick; it should not be dramatically different from the natural lip shade.)

26. Eye shadow comes in what forms?

a. (Stick)

b. (Cream)

c. (Pressed powder)

d. (Dry powder)

27. Eye shadow is available in what finishes?

a) (Metallic)

b) (Matte)

c) (Frost)

d) (Shimmer)

e) (Dewy)

28. Why should you avoid matching an eye shadow to a client’s natural eye color? __(Because doing so creates a flat field of color and does little to accentuate the eyes.)

29. Match each of the following eye shadows with its description:

|1. Base color |A shade lighter than the client’s skin tone used to make an area appear larger |

|2. Contour color |A medium tone close to the client’s skin tone |

|3. Highlight color |Deeper and darker than the client’s skin tone |

30. What does eyeliner do? (Makes the eyes appear larger and the lashes fuller)

31. Besides adding color, what are two reasons to use an eyebrow pencil?

a) (To correct eyebrow shape)

b) (To fill in sparse areas)

32. Name six ingredients that are contained in mascara.

a) (Water)

b) (Wax)

c) (Thickeners)

d) (Film formers)

e) (Preservatives)

f) (Pigments)

33. When using an eyelash curler, when should you curl the lashes? (Eyelashes should be curled before applying mascara.)

34. Match each of the following makeup tools with its description:

|_(d)_1. Powder brush |a) Used to remove excess facial hair |

|_(e)_2. Concealer brush |b) Used to give lift and upward curl to the upper lashes |

|_(f)_3. Eyeliner brush |c) A brush with firm, thin bristles |

|_(c)_4. Angle brush |d) A large, soft brush used to apply powder and blend edges of |

|_(a)_5. Tweezers |color |

|_(b)_6. Eyelash curler |e) A narrow, firm brush with a flat edge |

| |f) A brush with fine, tapered, firm bristles |

| | |

| | |

35. Discuss the procedures for cleaning makeup brushes.(A commercial cleaning solution can be used for quick cleaning of makeup brushes. Spray-on instant sanitizers contain a high level of alcohol and are not recommended because they will dry brushes over time. A gentle shampoo or brush solvent should be used to truly clean the brushes. These products will not hurt brushes and may actually help them last longer. One cautionary note: The brush should always be put into running or still water with the ferrule (the metal ring that keeps bristles and handle together) pointing down. If the brush is pointed up, the water may remove the glue that keeps the bristles in place. Rinse brushes thoroughly after cleansing. Because they will dry in the shape they are left in, reshape the wet bristles and lay the brushes flat to dry.)

36.Define primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. (Primary colors are fundamental colors that cannot be obtained from a mixture. The primary colors are yellow, red, and blue. Secondary colors are obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors. Yellow mixed with red makes orange. Red mixed with blue makes violet. Yellow mixed with blue makes green. Tertiary colors are formed by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel. These colors are named by primary color first and secondary color second. For example, when blue (a primary color) is mixed with an equal amount of violet (a neighboring secondary color), the resulting color is called blue-violet.

37. What is a neutral skin tone? ___(One that contains equal elements of warm and cool, no matter how light or dark the skin is.)

38. When placed next to each other, complementary colors will __(contrast and make each other look brighter)_____.

39. A complementary color for brown eyes is ___(any color, because brown is considered a neutral color) ____________________________

40. A complementary color for blue eyes is ____(orange, but shades of gold, peach, copper, and red-brown are some other possibilities)

41. Describe the type of lighting that is required for a makeup consultation area. (Natural light is the best choice, but if artificial light is used, it should be a combination of incandescent light—warm bulb light—and fluorescent light—cool industrial tube light.)

42. What information should you record on the consultation card?

a) (Skin condition)

b) (How much or how little makeup a client wears)

c) (Daily versus special occasion makeup)

d) (Amount of time spent applying makeup)

e) (Color likes or dislikes)

f) (Any makeup areas the client is having trouble with)

g) (Your own recommendations for the client for future use) ________________

43. What type of makeup is most appropriate for a client who is going to be photographed frequently, such as at a wedding? __(Matte)

44. Corrective makeup techniques are used to (create the illusion of better balance and proportion when so desired)

45. The basic rule of makeup application is to (emphasize the client’s attractive features, while minimizing less appealing features)

46. Match each of the following face shapes with its description:

|_(b)_ 1. Oval |a. Narrow forehead with wide cheekbones |

|_(d)_ 2. Round |b. Usually three-fourths as long as it is wide |

|_(g)_ 3. Square |c. Also called heart-shaped |

|_(e)_ 4. Triangular |d. Rounded chin and hairline |

|_(c)_ 5. Inverted triangle |e. Jaw is wider than the forehead |

|_(a)_ 6. Diamond |f. Long, narrow face |

|_(f)_ 7. Oblong |g. Wide forehead and square jawline |

47. What is the best way to conceal a double chin? ___(Use a darker foundation on the sagging portion and use a natural skin tone foundation on the face.) __________

48. What is the best way to enhance close-set eyes? ___(By applying shadow up from the outer edge of the eyes) ______________________________________________

49. How can you use makeup to make small eyes seem larger? ____(By extending the shadow slightly above, beyond, and below the eyes) ________________________

50. What colors work best with deep-set eyes? ___(Bright, light, reflective colors)

51. How should color be applied to close-set eyes? __(Use the lightest color in the crease, and a light to medium color sparingly on the lid and brow bone)

52. How can eyebrow shape help make wide-set eyes seem closer together? ___(By extending the eyebrow lines to the inside corners of the eyes) ________________

53. How can you minimize wrinkles that are caused by dry skin?

(By applying skin primer evenly over a client’s skin and then applying foundation over the primer. The foundation should be applied sparingly and evenly over the primer.)

54. Why has the use of artificial eyelashes grown enormously?

a) (The technology has improved dramatically.)

b) (Fashion has become more reliant on these accessories.)

55. What is the objective of artificial eyelashes? (To make the client’s own lashes look fuller, longer, and more attractive without appearing unnatural)

56. Why should a client avoid getting artificial lashes wet? ___(Because water will weaken the adhesive and loosen the artificial lashes)

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