Introduction to Photoshop 7



Photoshop 7.0 and 5.5 - Introductory Reference Guide

Dolores Brzycki, 8-18-02

Related Adobe Products

1. Photo Deluxe – $50

a. Adjust and repair digital images

b. Sometimes comes with scanners

2. Photoshop Elements

a. Very similar to Photoshop

b. Much cheaper - $50 at Computers and More

c. More automated features – e.g., automatically merge photos into panorama or make adjustments to flawed images.

3. Photoshop 7.0 – industry standard

a. Create sophisticated graphics, effects, animated gifs

b. Updated interface. Each tool has an associated toolbar making options easier to see.

c. $299 at Computers and More

d. In most labs

File Browser

1. Open Photoshop (this feature is only in 7.0)

2. File menu/Browse

a. File organizer like Windows Explorer on left

b. Thumbnails of graphics on the right

Intro to Tools, Palettes and Layers

Adobe products have a different look or interface from that of Microsoft products. In particular, they feature Tools, Palettes and Layers.

1. The Photoshop Interface

a. Toolbar – selection

i. Marquees, lassos, Magic Wand

ii. Move, crop (under marquee tool in 5.5)

iii. Fixes - rubber stamp (clone stamp in 7.0), eraser

iv. Type

b. Palettes: e.g., Layers, History, Navigation. Palettes help you monitor and modify images. By default palettes appear stacked together in groups. You can

i. Move them - Click and drag the top of the palette.

ii. Shrink them – Click the minimize button on top of the palette.

iii. Close them – Click the close button on top of the palette.

iv. Get them back – Click the window menu and then click show desired palette.

v. To hide or show all palettes press Shift+Tab.

1. Layers palette - You can use the Layers palette to create, hide, display, duplicate, merge, link, lock, and delete layers.

2. History palette - You can use the History palette to revert to a previous state of an image or to delete an image's states.

3. Navigation palette - You can also use the Navigator palette to quickly change the view of an image.

2. Cropping – Cropping is the process of selecting and removing a portion of an image to create focus or strengthen its composition.

a. Click on the View menu and select Zoom to focus on the area you wish to crop.

b. Drag the picture or the Navigation palette to focus on the part you wish to crop.

c. Click Crop tool

d. Drag over the part of the image you want to keep. When you release the mouse button, the crop marquee appears as a bounding box with handles at the corners and sides.

3. Selections - You can select pixels in an image by dragging with the marquee tools or lasso tools, or by targeting color areas with the magic wand tool.

a. Tools

i. Marquee

ii. Lasso Tool

1. Select the lasso tool ([pic])

2. Drag to draw a freehand selection border.

3. To draw a straight-edged selection border, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click where segments should begin and end. You can switch between drawing freehand and straight-edged segments.

4. To erase recently drawn segments, hold down the Delete key until you've erased the fastening points for the desired segment.

iii. Polygonal Lasso

1. Select the polygonal lasso tool ([pic]), you may need to press and hold the lasso tool to reveal the other lassoes.

2. Click in the image to set the starting point, position the pointer where you want the first straight segment to end, and click. Continue clicking to set endpoints for subsequent segments.

iv. Magnetic Lasso

1. Select the magnetic lasso tool ([pic]), you may need to press and hold the lasso tool to reveal the other lassoes.

2. Drag the tool around the border of what you wish to select. The tool automatically snaps to edges based on areas of strength of edge. Click to manually add an anchor point.

3. To add to a selection, click Shift-Marquee and draw.

4. To subtract from a selection, click Alt-Marquee and draw.

4. Filters - You can add filters to a whole picture, or you can add them to just a part of a picture in order to focus in on an area without cropping.

i. Add a filter to entire image.

1. Choose the appropriate submenu command from the Filter menu.

2. Filter will be applied to active layer of the image.

ii. Add a filter to part of an image.

1. With the appropriate selection tool, select the part of the image you want to use with the filter.

2. Choose the appropriate submenu command from the Filter menu.

3. Filter will be applied to active layer of the image.

5. Undo and Stepping Backwards (History palette) Photoshop 5.5 allows only one undo while 7.0 allows multiple.

i. To step backwards multiple times in 5.5 you must use the History Palette.

ii. Click on the action titles in the palette to step backwards.

iii. You can throw away the steps you undo by dragging them to the trash can on the bottom of the palette.

6. Changing Document Size and Type

a. Look at size on status bar or under Image menu/Image Size

i. You can reduce resolution or size by going to the image menu and clicking image size.

ii. For web, 72 pixels per inch are all our monitor handles anyway.

b. Save for the Web – allows you to save image as various file types.

i. File menu/Save for Web

ii. Choose image type and quality, an optimized preview of the saved image will be shown along with its optimized file size.

c. Flatten image – this option allows you to merge all of the layers into one single layer, reducing file size.

i. Once this is done all layer information will be lost and you will not be able to edit individual layers, so save a copy!

ii. Click the Layer menu and select flatten image.

7. Making Watermarks and Web Backgrounds

a. In Layers palette, duplicate Background layer by clicking on the icon on the bottom of the palette that looks like a turning page – call it Watermark.

b. Turn off Background (click the Eye icon next to it).

c. Click Watermark layer.

d. Go to Opacity box and reduce to 20%.

e. Save as Watermark.psd

f. Save for the Web as JPEG.

g. Open Netscape Composer or FrontPage.

h. Create blank web page.

i. In Netscape, go to File, New, Blank Page

i. In Netscape

i. Format menu/ Page Colors and Properties

ii. Click background image, Choose File, pick Watermark.jpg, etc.

iii. In FrontPage

iv. Format menu/Background/Background tab.

v. Browse for the Watermark.jpg file, etc.

Composite Images

The selection tools can be used to copy or cut portions of an image. The copied selection can be pasted in a new layer in another image.

1. Open two different images.

a. Select the area you wish to copy.

b. On the Edit menu, choose Copy.

c. Click the image you wish to paste this selection into.

d. On the Edit menu, choose Paste. The selection will automatically be placed on a new layer.

e. Click the Move tool, click the new layer, and move the figure as needed.

f. Save as .psd file.

Adding Text

Add text to any of the photos you have worked with so far. For example, open any image and add whatever phrase you would like.

In Photoshop 5.5:

1. Click the Type Tool. A new layer appears automatically.

2. In the dialog box, type text.

3. Highlight the text in the dialog box and apply changes to font, size, etc.

4. OK

5. To edit, double click the text layer and the dialog box will reappear.

In Photoshop 7.0:

1. Click the Type Tool and type, or draw a box and type. A new layer appears.

2. Use the Move Tool to change its location.

3. Open the Character Palette (Window menu).

4. Change the color of the text.

a. Click the Type tool

b. Highlight the text

c. Click the Foreground button on the Tool bar (or the text color button at the top of the screen or on the Character Palette)

i. Click the color in the vertical bar that you want.

ii. Click the shade of that color on the left and click OK.

d. Curve the text using the Warp button or Image/Type/Warp.

e. Add a Style or Effect like drop shadows or beveling

i. Layer menu/Style

ii. Or go to the Layers palette and click Styles button (looks like f )

Fixing Digital Images

You have already learned some techniques that can be used to touch up scanned photos and other digital images – cropping, layers, levels and brightness and contrast. Combined with these you can use the Rubber Stamp (clone stamp in 7.0) and other methods to fix up an image that is damaged or defective in some way.

1. Crooked scans

a. Go to the Image menu/Rotate Canvas/Arbitrary.

i. Choose angles to rotate the image to a level state.

ii. OK

b. Use the Crop Tool to adjust the photo further (in Marquee tool in 5.5)

i. Click the Crop Tool

ii. Draw a box that excludes the border areas and corners.

iii. Press Enter

2. Color Casts. Lighting may cast a color that distorts the true hues of some photos.

a. Go to the Image menu/Adjustments and try all of the following:

i. Auto Color - The Auto Levels command moves the Levels sliders automatically to set highlights and shadows. It defines the lightest and darkest pixels in each color channel as white and black and then redistributes intermediate pixel values proportionately.

ii. Auto Contrast - Maps the lightest and darkest pixels in the image to white and black, which makes highlights appear lighter and shadows appear darker.

iii. Auto Levels - Maps the darkest and lightest pixels in each channel to black and white, increasing the tonal range of the image.

iv. Brightness/Contrast - The Brightness/Contrast command lets you make simple adjustments to the tonal range of an image.

3. Flash Reflection

a. Click the Rubber Stamp (clone in 7.0)

b. Choose an appropriate brush size by clicking the brushes palette.

c. Hold down the Alt key and click away from the flash reflection.

d. Click in or paint over the area with the flash reflection. You will be duplicating the color of the area you Alt clicked

4. Backlight

a. Glare from light source behind the subject photographed causes shadows to obscure features.

b. Use Dodge Tool to click areas that need to be lightened.

c. In Window menu, click Show Brushes to open palette and pick brush size.

5. Red Eye

a. Click the Paintbrush on the toolbar.

b. Zoom in till individual pixels can be seen.

c. Choose a small brush in the Options palette.

d. Click the Foreground button on toolbar and choose brown.

e. Paint the red pixels brown.

f. Zoom out to check results.

6. Damaged Antique Photos

a. Try the options under Image/Adjustments. You may prefer to change Levels and Brightness/Contrast manually rather than using the Auto adjustments.

b. Try Filter/Noise/Dust and Scratches to remove some blemishes.

i. Increase the radius slightly to see if that helps

c. Use the Rubber Stamp (Clone Stamp in 7.0) to copy shading to scratched areas.

7. Faded Photographs

a. Image/Adjustments – Auto Levels, Auto Contrast, Auto Color

b. Image/Adjustments – Color Balance (remove some green and red)

c. Use Dodge tool on faces

Resources on the Web

Photoshop and Photoshop Elements

tips for Photoshop 5.5, 6.0 and 7.0 (not full-fledged tutorials)

link to Photoshop Elements section

Photoshop

Click “Looking for Handouts?”, accept the personal-use condition, go to Software based handouts and choose version 5.5 or 6.0 version.

Photoshop Elements - Use Photoshop Elements to:

create greeting cards, panoramas, background images, web gallery

fix photos and scanned images

animate and use special effects

Photo Deluxe

There are also some tutorials on other software on this site.

‘Puter Tutor

TinkerTech

PhotoShop Lover

PhotoShop Tutorial

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