Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured ...

iii. Smooth muscle contraction in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, resulting in laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and abdominal cramping. iv. Decrease in the inotropic effects of the heart (a) When coupled with vasodilation, this may lead to profound hypotension. (b) Dysrhythmias due to hypoperfusion and hypoxia are common. e. ................
................