MLA Citations - Cengage



MLA Citations

Books

An anthology

Buranen, Lisa, and Alice M. Roy, eds. Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a

Postmodern World. New York: State U of New York P, 1999.

Include the editors’ names followed by the abbreviation ed(s). for editor or editors or comp. for compiler, the title of the work, and publication information.

Two or more works from the same anthology

Clark, Irene L. “Writing Centers and Plagiarism.” Buranen and Roy 155-67.

Howard, Rebecca Moore. “The New Abolitionism Comes to Plagiarism.” Buranen and Roy 87-

95.

Include full citation information for the work as a whole, as shown above for an anthology; for entries referring to works within the anthology, include the author’s name, title of piece, editors’ names, and inclusive page numbers.

Book with author and editor

Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Ed. Glennis Byron. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 1998.

Include the name of the author, title of the work, the abbreviation Ed. and the editor’s name, followed by standard publication information.

Encyclopedia or dictionary entry

“Pull.” Def. 8a. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. 1993.

For familiar reference works that are frequently updated such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, full publication information is not necessary. Include the abbreviation Def. the definition number and/or letter when referring to a specific definition.

For less familiar reference works, provide full publication information.

“Shakya School.” Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy. Ed. Oliver Leaman. London: Routledge-

Taylor, 2001.

Published dissertation

Fukuda, Kay Louise. Differing Perceptions and Constructions of the Meaning of Assessment in

Education. Diss. Ohio State U, 2001. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2002.

Include the author’s name, title of dissertation, abbreviation Diss., author’s university affiliation, year of completion, and publication information.

Articles

Book or film review

Graham, Catherine. Rev. of Questionable Activities: The Best, ed. Judith Rudakoff. Canadian

Theatre Review 113 (2003): 74-76.

Schama, Simon. “Superior Person.” Rev. of Curzon, by David Gilmour. New Yorker 9 June

2003: 98-103.

Include the name of the reviewer, title of review (if any), the abbreviation Rev. of and the title of the work being reviewed, followed by the name of the author, editor, or director. Conclude with standard publication information.

Unsigned/anonymous article

“View from the Top.” National Geographic July 2001: 140.

Begin the entry with the title of the article if no author is given, and finish with standard publication information.

Other Kinds of Sources

Work of art

Gauguin, Paul. Ancestors of Tehamana. 1893. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

Include artist’s name, title of work, organization or individual holding the work, and the city. The date of creation is optional, following the work’s title. If using a photograph of a work of art, include publication information for the source following the above information.

Cartoon or comic strip

Cheney, Tom. Cartoon. New Yorker 9 June 2003: 93.

Include the author’s name, title of the work (if given) in quotation marks, description Cartoon or Comic strip, and publication information appropriate to the type of source.

Advertisement

Yves Saint Laurent Nu. Advertisement. Allure June 2003: 40.

Include the name of the company or product, the designation Advertisement, and publication information appropriate to the type of source.

Map or chart

Cincinnati and Vicinity. Map. Chicago: Rand, 1996.

Include the title, description Map or Chart as appropriate, and publication information.

Legal cases

Chavez v. Martinez. No. 01-1444. Supreme Ct. of the US. 27 May 2003.

Include name of first plaintiff, abbreviation v. for versus, name of first defendant, case number preceded by the abbreviation No., name of deciding court, and the date of the decision.

Patent

Easton, John Paul. Dynamically Generating Expanded User Messages in a Computer System.

International Business Machines Corporation, assignee. Patent 6,574,792. 3 June 2003.

Include the inventor’s name, title of patent, name of assignee (if any) followed by the designation assignee, the word Patent followed by the patent number, and date of patent issue.

Sources Produced for Access by Computer

Part of an online book

Strunk, William, Jr. “Elementary Rules of Usage.” The Elements of Style. Ithaca: Humphrey,

1918. : Great Books Online. Ed. Steven van Leeuwen. 1999. 6

June 2003 .

Include the author’s name, name of section (in quotation marks if it is a title; without quotation marks if it is a standard section of the book, such as an introduction), original publication information (if provided in the source), electronic publication information, date of access, and URL.

Review in online newspaper

Parent, Marc. “A Father, a Son and an Ideal That’s Painfully Tested.” Rev. of Scout’s Honor, by

Peter Applebome. New York Times on the Web 6 June 2003. 12 June 2003

.

Include the name of the reviewer, title of the review (if one is given) in quotation marks, the description Rev. of followed by the title of the work reviewed, the name of the author, artist, etc. as appropriate to the genre reviewed, title of newspaper, electronic publication date, access date, and URL.

An entire Web site

The Rossetti Archive. Ed. Jerome McGann. 2002. Institute for Advanced Technology in the

Humanities, U of Virginia. 4 June 2003 .

Include the title of the site (underlined), editors (if listed), version number (if given), date of publication or last update, sponsoring organization or institution, and access information.

Section of Web site

Altman, Andrew. “Civil Rights.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed.

Edward N. Zalta. Spring 2003 ed. 3 Feb. 2003. Center for the Study of Lang. and Information, Stanford U. 12 June 2003 .

Griffiths, Frank. “Hunting Heaven.” . 2003. ABCNEWS Internet Ventures. 12

June 2003 .

Include author’s name (if any), print publication information (if any), electronic publication information, date of access, and URL.

Work from a library subscription service

Folks, Jeffrey J. “Crowd and Self: William Faulkner’s Sources of Agency in The Sound and the

Fury.” Southern Literary Journal 34:2 (2002): 30- . Academic Search Premier. EBSCO.

Wright State U, Dunbar Lib. 6 June 2003 .

Include the usual citation information for the type of source (journal article, book, etc.) followed by the name of the database (underlined), name of service, name of library or library system with city and state (if helpful), access date, and URL (if available). For sources that only give the page number on which a source begins, include that page number, a hyphen, a space, and a period.

Course home page

Bradbury, Kelly. Introduction to Literature. Course home page. Jan. 2003-May 2003. English

Dept., Dakota State U. 6 June 2003 .

Include instructor’s name, title of course, the label Course home page, dates of course, department and school, access date, and URL.

APA Citations

Books

Author as publisher

American Psychological Association. (1990). Directory of ethnic minority professionals

in psychology (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Include the author’s name (in this case an organization), date of publication, title, edition (if applicable), city of publication, and Author to indicate that the author is also the publisher.

Brochure

Starbucks Coffee Company. (2001). Starbucks and Conservation International:

Supporting conservation and coffee farmers. [Brochure]. Seattle, WA: Author.

Include author’s name, date of publication, title of brochure (in italics), edition (if given) in parentheses, designation of Brochure in brackets, city of publication, and name of publisher.

Book without an author or editor

American Heritage college dictionary (3rd ed.). (1997). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Include title of book, edition (if applicable) in parentheses, date of publication, and publication information.

Articles in Print

Unsigned article

Education, not filters, protects kids online. (2003, April). Teacher Librarian, 30, 58.

Begin the entry with the title of the article. In this entry the title is followed by the date of publication, title of the journal in italics, volume number in italics, and page number

Newsletter article

Laflen, A. (2003, April). “To whom it may concern” and beyond: Equipping students to

write for employers. Writing Lab Newsletter, 27, 4-6.

Include the author’s name, date as given in the publication, title of article, title of newsletter and volume number in italics, and page numbers.

Entire special issue or a special section of a journal

Rowe, W. (Ed.). (2001). HIV/AIDS [Special issue]. Canadian Social Work, 3(1).

Include names of editor(s) followed by Ed. or Eds., date of publication, title of special issue followed by Special issue in brackets, title of journal, volume number, and issue number. If no editors are named, the title of the issue moves to the beginning of the entry, followed by the date and the remaining information. An entry for a special section includes the page numbers of the section rather than the issue number.

Sources for Access by Computer

Chapter or section of Internet document

Benton Foundation. (2002). Looking forward. In Benton Foundation 2002 annual report.

Retrieved June 30, 2003, from

annual_report02.pdf

Include the name of the author, title of the chapter or section, In followed by the title of the larger document and (if applicable) the chapter or section identifier in parentheses (chap. 5), and retrieval information.

Document from a university program or department Web site

Writing with computers. (2003). Retrieved June 26, 2003, from Purdue University,

Online Writing Lab: computer.html

Include the author’s name (in the above example no author is listed, so the entry begins with the title of the document), followed by the date, title of document, date of retrieval, sponsoring organization if document is located within a large Web site, and URL.

Abstract from a database

Caplan, R., Guthrie, D., Tang, B., Komo, S., & Asarnow, R. F. (2000). Thought disorder

in childhood schizophrenia: Replication and update of concept. Journal of the

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 771-778. Abstract retrieved July 3, 2003, from PsychINFO database.

Include the authors’ names, year of publication, title of article, title of journal, volume number, page numbers, and Abstract retrieved followed by retrieval date, and name of database.

Government document available from GPO database on the Web

U.S. General Accounting Office. (1995, August 3). College savings: Information on state

tuition prepayment programs (Publication No. GAO/HEHS-95-131). Retrieved

July 3, 2003, from General Accounting Office Reports Online via GPO Access:



Include name of issuing office, date of publication, title of report and Publication No. and number in parentheses, retrieval date, name of database used, and URL.

Other Sources

Published dissertation abstracted in DAI and obtained from UMI

Gordon, J. M. (2003). The long-term effects of divorce and remarriage. Dissertation

Abstracts International, 63(10), 4902B. (UMI No. 3068634)

Include the author’s name, date, title, Dissertation Abstracts International, volume and issue numbers, page number including series letter (A, B, or C), and UMI publication number in parentheses.

Movie review

Kinder, M. (2002). [Review of the motion picture Moulin Rouge]. Film Quarterly, 55(3),

52-59.

Include the author’s name, title (if any), date, in brackets Review of the motion picture followed by the title of the film, and publication information.

Published proceedings from a conference or symposium

Semmes, P. B. (2000). Spherical proton emitters and spectroscopic factors. In J. C.

Batchelder (Ed.), Proton-Emitting Nuclei: PROCON '99, First International

Symposium, Oak Ridge, TN, 7-9 October, 1999 (pp. 125-131). Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics.

Include the author’s name, date of publication, title of contribution, In and the editor’s name followed by Ed. in parentheses, title of the published proceedings and pp. with page numbers in parentheses, and publication information.

CMS Citations

Books

Organization as author

Note form

1. American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1996).

Bibliographic form

American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association Practice

Guidelines. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1996.

Include the name of the organization, the title, and publication information. Even if the author is also the publisher, repeat the name of the organization in both places to indicate its dual function.

Reference book

Note form

2. American Heritage College Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. “prime.”

Well-known reference works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias are not cited on the bibliography but are included in note form. Include the title, edition (if not the first), and, for entries in alphabetically arranged works, the abbreviation s.v. for sub verbo (“under the word”) followed by the word looked up in quotation marks; use s.vv. for multiple words.

Anonymous book

Note form

3. Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics (New York: Random House, 1996), 97.

Bibliographic form

Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics. New York: Random House, 1996.

If the name of the author is not known, begin the citation with the title of the book followed by publication information.

Author known but not named in publication

Note form

4. [Joe Klein], Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics (New York: Random House, 1996), 97.

Bibliographic form

[Klein, Joe]. Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics. New York: Random House, 1996.

If the name of the author is known but not included in the book, begin the entry with the author’s name in brackets, followed by the title and publication information.

Chapter of a book

Note form

5. Lester Faigley, “In the Turbulence of Theory,” in Fragments of Rationality: Postmodernity and the Subject of Composition (Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1992), 25-47.

Bibliographic form

Faigley, Lester. “In the Turbulence of Theory.” Chap. 1 in Fragments of Rationality:

Postmodernity and the Subject of Composition. Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh

Press, 1992.

Include the author’s name, title of chapter or section in quotation marks, the chapter or section number followed by in and the title of the book, and publication information (include page numbers for note form).

Articles

Anonymous newspaper article

Note form

6. “Domestic Violence Targeted Appeal: An Issue for Men,” Cincinnati Enquirer, June 17, 2003, late edition, sec. B.

Bibliographic form

“Domestic Violence Targeted Appeal: An Issue for Men.” Cincinnati Enquirer, June 17, 2003.

Begin with the title of the article and follow with title of newspaper, date of publication, edition, and section.

Article from a journal with issue numbers only

Note form

7. John Michael Robert, “From Reflection to Refraction: Opening Up Open Marxism,” Capital and Class, no. 78 (2002): 88.

Bibliographic form

Robert, John Michael. “From Reflection to Refraction: Opening Up Open Marxism.”

Capital and Class, no. 78 (2002): 87-116.

Include the author’s name, title of article in quotation marks, title of journal, no. and the issue number, year of publication in parentheses, and page numbers.

Other Sources

Book review

Note form

8. George Simson, review of Works on Paper: The Craft of Biography and Autobiography, by Michael Holroyd, Biography 26, no. 1 (2003): 148.

Bibliographic form

Simson, George. Review of Works on Paper: The Craft of Biography and

Autobiography, by Michael Holroyd. Biography 26, no. 1 (2003): 147-51.

Include the name of the review’s author, review of and the title of the book, by and the name of the book’s author, and publication information (title of journal, volume number, issue number, and year, in this example), and page numbers.

Movie Review

Note form

9. Anthony Lane, “Fishy Business,” review of Finding Nemo, directed by Andrew Stanton, New Yorker, June 9, 2003, 108.

Bibliographic form

Lane, Anthony. “Fishy Business.” Review of Finding Nemo. Directed by Andrew

Stanton. (Pixar movie). New Yorker, 9 June 2003, 108-109.

Include the name of the review’s author, review of, the movie title, and the name of the director (including the production company in parentheses is optional), and publication information (title of magazine, date of publication, and page numbers, in this example).

Personal Interview

Note form

10. Wally Lamb, interview by author, tape recording, Dayton, Ohio, June 6, 2003.

Bibliographic form

Lamb, Wally. Interview by author. Tape recording. Dayton, Ohio, June 6, 2003.

Usually, personal interviews are cited only in notes. Include the name of the interviewee, description of interview type, recording medium used (if any), place of interview, and date.

Court Decisions

First note reference

11. Wilson v. Layne, 526 U.S. 603 (1999).

Subsequent reference

12. Wilson v. Layne, 603.

Include the case name in italics; volume number, name of reporter, the abbreviated court name (Supreme Court decisions are published by United States Court Reports—here abbreviated as U.S.), and page number; and year in parentheses. References after the first include case title, reporter (if more than one is cited), and page reference. Federal court decisions are not usually included in the bibliography.

CSE Citations

Selection from published conference proceedings

Citation-sequence style

1. Ballantyne D, Scheid P. Central respiratory chemosensitivity: cellular and network mechanisms. In: Poon C, Kazemi H, editors. Frontiers in modeling and control of breathing: integration at molecular, cellular, and systems levels. Oxford Conference; 2000 Oct 11-15; North Falmouth, MA. New York: Plenum; 2001. p 17-26.

Include the authors’ names, title of selection, In: and editors’ names, title of publication (if different from the conference name), name, date, and place of conference, publication information, and page numbers.

Name-year style

Ballantyne D, Scheid P. 2001. Central respiratory chemosensitivity: cellular and network

mechanisms. In: Poon C, Kazemi H, editors. Frontiers in modeling and control of

breathing: integration at molecular, cellular, and systems levels. Oxford Conference; 2000 Oct 11-15; North Falmouth, MA. New York: Plenum. p 17-26.

Include the authors’ names, year of publication, title of selection, In: and editors’ names, title of publication (if different from the conference name), name, date, and place of conference, publication information, and page numbers.

Unsigned article

Citation-sequence style

2. [Anonymous]. Evidence on stage based approach to smoking cessation is limited.

Br Med J 2003;326:1155.

Include the description Anonymous in brackets, the title of the article, title of the journal (abbreviated), publication date, and publication information (in this case, volume number and page number).

Name-year style

[Anonymous]. 2003. Evidence on stage based approach to smoking cessation is limited.

Br Med J 326:1155.

Include the description Anonymous in brackets, the year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal (abbreviated), and publication information (in this case, volume number and page number).

Online dictionary entry

3. BioTech life science dictionary [Internet]. [Bloomington (IN)]: Indiana

University, BioTech Resources; c1995-98 [cited 2003 July 9]. Mitochondrion;

[about 5 lines]. Available from:

dict-search.phtml?title=mitochondrion

Include the author’s name (if given), title of dictionary with designation Internet in brackets, place of publication in brackets, publisher (including division or other part of publishing organization named), publication or copyright date, date cited in brackets, name of entry, approximate length in pages, lines, paragraphs, or screens in brackets, and Available from: followed by the URL.

Article from online database

4. Ahluwalia N, Vellas B. Immunologic and imflammatory mediators and cognitive

decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2003 Feb; 23(1): 103. In: MD Consult [database on the Internet]. New York: Elsevier; c1999- [cited 2003 July 8]. [about 44 screens]. Available from:



12786019?ja=337973&PAGE=1.html&ANCHOR=top&source=

Include author’s name; title of article; title of journal; date of publication; volume, issue, and page number; In: name of database, Internet or database on the Internet in brackets, place of database’s publication, publisher of database, publication or copyright date of database followed by a hyphen if the database is open (meaning records are still being added to it), date article was accessed in brackets, approximate length of the article in screens, lines, paragraphs, or pages in brackets, Available from: and the URL of the article.

E-mail message

5. Smith J. New research on Alzheimer’s [electronic mail in the Internet]. Message

to: Robyn Lewis. 2003 Apr 4, 1:13 pm [cited 2003 July 8]. [about 2 screens].

Include the author of the message, subject line, designation Internet or electronic mail on the Internet in brackets, Message to: followed by the recipient’s name, date and time message was sent, date cited in brackets, and approximate length of message in lines, screens, or paragraphs.

COS Citations

Revised or modified Web site

Humanities style

Wright State University Writing Center. “Mission Statement.” Rev. June 2003.

(10 July 2003).

Include the name of the author or organization, title of the piece in quotation marks, Rev. and date of revision or Mod. and date of last modification, URL, and access date in parentheses.

Scientific style

Wright State University Writing Center. (1995). Mission statement (Rev. June 2003).

(10 July 2003).

Include the author's or organization's name, year of publication in parentheses, title of document and in parentheses Rev. and revision date or Mod. and last modification date, URL, and date of access in parentheses.

Audio or video file

Humanities style

“Iraqi Women Fight for Voice in New Iraq.” Morning Edition. National Public Radio. 3

July 2003. (10 July 2003).

Include the name of the artist, composer, or producer (if given), the title of the work or name of file, publication information, publication date or date of last update, URL, and access date in parentheses.

Scientific style

Iraqi women fight for voice in new Iraq [audio file]. (2003, July 3). Morning edition.

National Public Radio.

showDate=03-Jul-2003&segNum=9&NPRMediaPref=RM (10 July 2003).

Include the name of the artist, composer, or producer (if given), date of piece in parentheses, the title of the work or name of file and type of file in brackets, publication information, URL, and date of access in parentheses. If no artist, composer, or producer is given, begin with the title of the work and file type in brackets followed by the date and other publication information.

Software

Humanities style

Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Word 2000. Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 1999.

Include the author or corporate author, title of software in italics, version (if applicable, and not already in the title), city, publisher, and year of publication.

Scientific style

Microsoft Corporation. (1999). Microsoft word 2000. Redmond, WA: Microsoft.

Include the author, date of publication in parentheses, title of software in italics, version in parentheses (if applicable, and not already in the title), city, and publisher.

Dissertation from Dissertation Abstracts Online

Humanities style

Jacobs, Jack William. “William Blake’s Performative Prophecy.” DAI 60 (2000): 2504A.

Auburn U, 1999. Dissertation Abstracts Online. UMI (23 July 2003).

Include the author’s name, title of dissertation in quotation marks, DAI and volume number in italics, date of publication in parentheses, page number, author’s university affiliation and year of graduation, Dissertation Abstracts Online in italics, publisher in italics, and access date in parentheses.

Scientific style

Scott, S. Y. (2003). Faith supportive group therapy and symptom reduction in Christian

breast cancer patients. (Doctoral dissertation, Regents U, 2003. Dissertation

Abstracts International, 63, 6107B). Dissertation Abstracts Online. UMI (11 July

2003).

Include the author’s name, year of publication in parentheses, title of dissertation, print publication information in parentheses, Dissertation Abstracts Online in italics, publisher in italics, and access date in parentheses.

Online article originally published in print

Humanities style

Tassoni, John Paul. “The Liberatory Composition Teacher’s Obligation to Writing

Centers at Two-Year Colleges.” Teaching English in the Two-Year College 25

(1998): 34-43. Teaching English in the Two-Year College.

pdfs/members-only/tetyc/0251feb98/TE0251Liberatory.pdf (10 July 2003).

Include the author's name, title of article in quotation marks, title of journal in italics, volume, year of publication, page numbers, title of site in italics, URL, and access date in parentheses.

Scientific style

Keith, D.W., & Farrell A.E. (2003). Environmental science: Rethinking hydrogen cars.

Science 301 (5631), 315-316. Science Magazine.

reprint/301/5631/315.pdf (23 July 2003).

Include the author's name, year of publication in parentheses, title of article, title of journal in italics, volume in italics, issue number in parentheses, page numbers, title of site in italics, URL, and access date in parentheses.

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