Sample Annotation Symbols



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In the margins:

1. Outline important details

2. Ask questions

3. Write comments

Sample Annotation Symbols:

Please note: This is only a list of possible annotation symbols! Please create your own annotation code, and use symbols and markings that make it easy for you to remember! Make it simple, and use it consistently.

• Main Idea: underline

• Topic: T

• Argument: A

• Supporting detail: 1. 2. 3.

• Unknown words or meanings: circle the word(s)

• Important characters, passages, or themes: [ brackets ]

• Unusual details: * or (

• Surprising details: !

• Yeah, I knew that: ⎫

Words to Look Out For:

Use the following types of relationship and signal words to help you figure out supporting details, main ideas, topics.

• Addition

▪ Ex.: one, first (of all), third(ly) another, to begin with, also, in addition, furthermore, etc.

• Time

▪ Ex.: before, previously, first (of all), second(ly), then, immediately, next, etc.

• Compare

▪ Ex.: likewise, (just) as, (just) like, similar(ly), alike, in like manner, etc.

• Contrast

▪ Ex.: but, yet, however, although, instead, in contrast, on the other hand, even though, etc.

• Cause and effect

▪ Ex.: therefore, so, consequently, due to, as a result, if…then, because (of), accordingly, etc.

• Illustration

▪ Ex.: such as, (for) example, (for) instance, to illustrate, to be specific, including, etc.

Also, be on the lookout for words, or their synonyms, that are repeated. In the same regards, look out for repeated concepts and phrases. Ideas that are recurring will often help you figure out the main idea, topic, argument, and/or supporting details.

TIP 1: When finished, turn your annotations into an outline and/or concept map to create an easy study guide. Focus on important details, vocabulary words, etc.

TIP 2: Use your own words as much as possible. This helps to understand the text you are reading rather than trying to memorize it.

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Outline and Concept Map of the Paragraph

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Flip this page over. There is a sample paragraph that has been annotated.

(Use this skill to help annotate longer texts)

Reading Success Center

Library East Basement: E36

Revised: April 29, 2014

Various reasons for poor grades

I. Financial issues

A. Working long hours leaves little time to study

II. Relationship troubles

A. Personal relationships can cause distractions from schoolwork and can "sublimate the desire to succeed"

1. Sublimate: change, push down

III. Poor study habits

A. Some students have never learned study skills, such as taking "copious notes," therefore causing them to be unsuccessful scholastically.

1. Copious: large quantity, detailed, meticulous

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