2 - World Bank
【China: GEF Dioxin Reduction from the Pulp and Paper Industry Project(P125528)】
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
for
Technical Upgrade of Pumiao Paper Mill, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD
Pumiao Paper Mill, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD
January 2012
Content
1. General Principles 1
1.1 Origin of the task 1
1.2 Aims of assessment 2
1.3 Basis of preparation 3
1.4 Assessment level and Scope 4
1.5 Assessment emphasis and methods 6
1.6 Environmental protection goals and sensitive points 6
1.7 Assessment standard 9
1.8 Procedure of assessment work 12
2. Alternative plan and technology upgrade project analysis 14
2.1 Nature and name of project 14
2.2 General situation before technology upgrade 14
2.3 Project analysis 47
2.4 The technology upgrade project complies with industrial and environmental protection policies and plans 68
3 Environmental situation of project construction site 70
3.1 Situation of natural environment 70
3.2 Social and economic situation 73
3.3 Situation of the general plan of construction site 75
3.4 Survey on the situation of major industrial pollution sources 77
4 Survey and assessment of current environment quality 80
4.1 Survey and analysis of current air quality 80
4.2 Survey and assement of current surface water quality 88
4.3 Situation and assessment of sound quality 102
5 Environmental impact predication and assessment 105
5.1 Predication and assessment of impact on air 105
5.2 Predication and assessment of impact on surface water 110
5.3 Analysis and assessment of impact on sound quality 118
5.4 Analysis of disposal and impact of solid waste 119
5.5 Analysis of environmental impact during construction period 120
6 Measures to mitigate impact 125
6.1Measures to mitigate impact of pollution during construction period 125
6.2Measures to mitigate impact during operation period 127
7 Rationality analysis of site selection and general layout 129
7.1 Rationality analysises of site selction 129
7.2 Rationality analysises of general layout 130
8 Clean production assessment and industrial policy evaluation 132
8.1 Industrial policy analysis 132
8.2 Clean production assement 132
9 Environmental risk assessment 140
9.1 Aims and focus of environmental risk assessment 140
9.2 Assessment level 140
9.3 Assessment Scope and content 143
9.4 Procedures of Environmental risk assessment 144
9.5 Risk identification 146
9.6 Source item analysis and result calculation 158
9.7 Environmental risk prevention and emergency response measures 163
9.8 Emergency response plan 169
9.9 Conclusion of risk assessment 174
10 Public Participation 175
10.1 Purpose and significance of public participation 175
10.2 Work plan of ublic participation 175
10.3 Release assessment information on environmental impact 175
10.4 Public participation survey 179
10.5 Summarize and analyze public opinions 182
10.6 Sub-summary 186
11 Economic Cost-benefit of Environmental Impact 188
11.1 Economic benefit analysis 188
11.2 Social Benefit Analysis 188
11.3 Environmental benefit 189
11.4 Economic Cost-benefit of Environmental protection 189
12 Emission after meeting relevant requirements and total amount control 194
12.1 analysis of emission after meeting relevant requirements 194
12.2 Analysis of total amount control 195
13 Environmental protection management and monitoring plan 198
13.1 Setting of environmental protection organizations 198
13.2 Environmental management measures 199
13.3 Environment treatment measures 200
13.4 Environmental monitoring measures 202
13.5 Environmental monitoring plan 206
13.6 Environmental supervision plan during construction period 209
13.7 Existing situation of enterprise on implementation and certification of ISO 14000 210
13.8 List of inspection and acceptance of “three at the same time” completion 217
14 Assessment conclustion 219
14.1Project situation 219
14.2 Purpose and features of this project 219
14.3 Comply with national industrial structure 219
14.4 Conclusion of Rationality analysis of site selection and general layout 220
14.5 Environmental impact predication and assessment results 220
14.6 Conclusion on measures to mitigate and treat impact 222
14.7 Conclusion on clean production and total amount control 223
14.8 Conclusion on environmental risk 224
14.9 Conclusion on public participation 225
14.10 General conclusion 225
14.11 Suggestions 225
1. General Principles
1.1 Origin of the task
Pumiao Papermaking Factory, affiliated to Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD is formerly called Pumiao Sugar Factory. Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD conducted industrial structure adjustment according to market demand in 2000, and it decided to stop the production of sugar and concentrated on the production of ethyl alcohol and bleached bagasse pulp, thus to constructed bleached bagasse pulp production lines on the space in the factory. Pumiao Papermaking Factory finished construction of the first phase of 34 thousand tons of bleached bagasse pulp (absolutely dry) in 1999 and construction of the second phase of 68 thousand tons of bleached bagasse pulp (absolutely dry) in 2004, and put into operation. Pumiao Papermaking Factory conducted another exploration and technology upgrade after putting into operation, which was finished in 2007 and enabled the production capability expand from 68 thousand tons per year to 98 thousand tons per year.
The production line of 98 thousand tons per year of Pumiao Papermaking Factory after technology upgrade in 2007 uses chlorine as bleacher, which will generate dioxin, a kind of pollutant. The state issued “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008) in 2008, which improves the requirements for the discharge of waste water from pulp and paper industry. According to the requirements in “Reply of Guilin Environmental Protection Bureau on Environmental Impact Statement of Technology Upgrade Project of Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD Concerning Expanding Annual Production Capability from 68 thousand tons to 98 thousand tons (Gui Huan Guan Zi [2008] No.268), the waste water from Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD was emitted according to table 1 in GB3544-2008 before 2010 and according to table 2 in GB 3544-2008 after 2010.
Article 22 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “the technology of paper industry shall go towards the direction of high standard, low consumption and low pollution. The application of high yield pulping technology, biological technology, low pollution pulping technology, medium concentration technology, ECF or TCE bleaching technology, low consumption mechanical pulping technology is encouraged, ……” article 23 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “……the application of lime base pulping is prohibited and elemental chlorine bleaching technology on new projects is prohibited (current enterprise shall gradually phase out the application of elemental chlorine bleaching technology). The obsolete and backward pulp or paper making equipments are prohibited to import”. “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008) proposes stricter requirements for AOX (Absorbable Organic Halogen), benchmark waste water emission volume per unit product and emitted water quality for pulp and paper industry. In accordance with above stipulations and for the purpose of comprehensive utility of resource, expanding and improving the enterprise, strengthening of social and industrial awareness, we shall strictly comply with laws and regulations concerning environmental protection, resource conservation, labor security, safe production, etc, and gradually enter the construction of new mode of paper industry development which is resource conservation, environmental friendly, and development harmonious. In addition, in order to enable emitted waste water meet the requirements in table 2 of “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008), Pumiao Papermaking Factory shall specially upgrade its bleaching and waste water treatment technology. This technology upgrade project includes constructing a new bleaching system with annual treatment capacity of 98 thousand tons gabasse pulp using new ECF bleaching process to replace old No. 1 and No.2 CEH bleaching process which will reduce the generation of dioxin and AOX, and constructing a auxiliary 8 t/d chlorine dioxide preparation section; constructing an anaerobic wastewater treatment system with the capacity of 11000 m3/d to treat bagasse water; construct a deep waste water project with the capacity of 40000 m3/d.
In accordance with relevant stipulations in “Law on Environmental Impact Assessment” and “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection”, order of State Council of PRC [1998] No. 253, this technology shall conduct environmental impact assessment. The project is seeking GEF funding support, therefore, Pumiao Papermaking Factory, based on previous EIA Report Forms of bleaching process upgrade and anaerobic wastewater treatment, and tertiary wastewater treatment, prepared this EIA report to satisfy World Bank safeguard policy requirements. Based on the sorting of relevant materials and on site examination and monitoring, Pumiao Papermaking Factory predicts and analyzes the environmental problems of this project, prepares this environmental impact statement to submit to competent department.
1.2 Aims of assessment
This assessment investigates and evaluates the ambient natural environment, social environment, air quality, surface water quality, noise, ecological environment quality to analyze the degree and scope of the impact of this project on ambient environment during construction period and operation period. In addition, this assessment analyzes emission situation at the pollution source after technology upgrade through monitoring pollution source and environmental protection measures, analyzes and argues the environmental protection measures as well the technical feasibility and economical rationality. Meanwhile, complying with the principles like “one control two standards”, “clean production”, etc, this assessment proposes operable rectification measures, compares and evaluates the impact before and after this project based on the principles of emission after meeting requirements in standard and amount control, thus to minimize the adverse impact of this project on environment and ensure sustainable development of regional economy.
1.3 Basis of preparation
1.3.1 Laws and regulations
(1) “Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China”, implemented on December 26th, 1989;
(2) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment”, implemented on September 1st, 2003;
(3) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution”, implemented on June 1st, 2008.
(4) “Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution”, implemented on September 1st, 2000;
(5) “Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes”, implemented on April 1st, 2005;
(6) “Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution”, implemented on March 1st. 1997;
(7) “Water Law of the People's Republic of China”, implemented on October 1st, 2002;
(8) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Urban and Rural Planning” issued by National People’s Congress in January 2008;
(9) “Implementation Regulations on Law of Land Administration of the People's Republic of China” issued in 1993;
(10) “Law of Land Administration of the People's Republic of China” issued in 2004;
(11) “National Development and Reform Commission”, implemented on January 1st, 2003;
(12) “Paper Industry Development Policy” (National Development and Reform Commission [2007] No. 71);
(13) “Decision of the State Council on Implementing Scientific Viewpoint of Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection” (Guo Fa [2005] No. 39)；
(14) “Notice of National Development and Reform Commission and State Environmental Protection Administration on Phasing out backward production capability of paper making, ethyl alcohol, monosodium glutamate, and citric acid industry” (Fa Gai Yun Xing [2007] No. 2775);
(15) “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection”, order of State Council of PRC [1998] No. 253 issued in November 1998.
(16) “New Classified Catalogue for Environmental Impact Studies” (Order of Ministry of Environmental Protection [2008] No. 2)；
(17) “Interim Procedure on the Public Participating in Environmental Impact Assessment” , implemented on March 18th 2006;
(18) “Guidance Catalog for Adjustment of Industrial Structure (2011) ” issued by National Development and Reform Commission on June 1st, 2011.
“Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008), jointly issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine on June 25th, 2008
(20) “Regulation of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on Environmental Protection” issued by the Standing Committee of people’s Congress of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in February 2006.
(21) “Interim Measures for Clean Production”, implemented on October 1st, 2004.
(22) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Circular Economy Promotion”
(August 29th, 2008)
(23) “Census Regulations on National Pollution Source” (October 10th, 2007)
(24) “Regulations on Collection and Usage of Sewage Fee” (January 2nd, 2003)
(25) “Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals”, implemented on December 1st, 2011.
(26) “Prevention and Control Measures of Nanning City on Sulfur Dioxide Pollution of Coal” (Order of Nanning Municipal Government No.43), implemented on February 1st, 2006.
Main domestic laws, regulations and revelant terms were shown in Table 1.3-1.
Table 1.3-1 Domestic Laws and Revelant Terms
|Name |Relevant Terms |
|Environmental Protection|Article 10 Any pollutant emission to the regions where have local standards on pollutant emission shall implement the local standards. |
|Law of the People's |Article 13 The construction pollution projects must comply with the requirements of relevant national environmental management. The environmental impact report of construction projects |
|Republic of China |must assess the pollution from construction projects and the impact to environment, regulate the prevention and control measures, and undergo the pre-specified procedure by project |
| |authorities and the approvement by the administrative department of environmental protection. |
| |Article 18 In the scenic spots, nature reserve and other areas that need special protection demarcated by the state council and the competent department concerned of the state council |
| |and of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, it is not allowed to construct industrial production facilities that could pollute |
| |environment. For other facilities construction, the pollutants shall not exceed the prescribed discharge standards. For the facility has been built, the pollutants in excess of the |
| |prescribed discharge standards shoul be under control within a time limit. |
| |Article 19 At the same time of development and utilization of natural resources, measures must be taken to protect the ecological environment. |
| |Article 24 The units which produce environmental pollution and other public hazards units must take the environmental protection work into their plans and establish responsibility |
| |system of environmental protection; effective measures shall be taken to prevent and control the environmental pollution and harm of the greenhouse gas emissions, waste water and waste |
| |residues, dust, malodorous gases, radioactive substances and noise, vibration, the electromagnetic wave radiation in the production and construction or other activities. |
| |Article 25 New industrial enterprise and technical transformation of existing industrial enterprise shall use the equipment and technology of high resource utilization rate and little |
| |emission and carry out economic and reasonable technology of waste comprehensive utilization and pollutants processing. |
| |Article 26 The facilities to prevent and control pollution in construction projects must be designed, constructed and put into use simultaneously with the main project. Only after the |
| |facilities of pollution prevention and control approved by the original approved the environmental impact statement to the competent administrative department of environmental protection|
| |of the acceptance, the construction project could be put into production or use. |
| |Article 29 The enterprises and institutions caused severe environmental pollution shall be under control within a time limit. |
| |Article 31 The units caused or likely cause pollution accidents due to accidents or other exigencies must immediately take measures, promptly inform the units and residents which may |
| |impacted by pollution hazards, and report to the local administrative department of environmental protection and the related department for investigation and settlement. The enterprises |
| |and institutions which likely cause severe pollution accident shall take measures to strengthen the prevention. |
| |Article 33 The production, storage, transportation, sale and usage of toxic chemicals and materials containing radioactive substances must comply with the relevant state provisions so |
| |as to prevent environmental pollution. |
|Law of the People's |Article 02 The “Environment Impact Assessment” in this law means the monitoring method and system to analyze, anticipate and assess the possible environment impacts after the implement |
|Republic of China on |of planning and construction projects, and raise the countermeasures and measures to prevent or alleviate adverse impacts on the environment. |
|Environmental Impact |Article 16 According to the environmental influence level of construction projects, the Nation implements classification management to environmental impact assessment of construction |
|Assessment |projects. |
| |Article 21 Despite the circumstances that state regulates to be kept secret, for the construction project which possiblly have a significant impact on the environment and which shall |
| |prepare the environmental impact report, the construction unit shall hold discussion meeting, hearings, or take other forms, to ask for the opinions of relevant units, experts and |
| |public before the approval of the environmental impact report on the construction project. |
| |Article 24 After the approval for the environmental impact assessment report on construction projects, if the nature, the construction scale, place, the production craft or prevent |
| |pollution, prevent to ecological destruction of the measures of the project have a significant change, the construction unit shall apply for the approval for the environmental impact |
| |assessment file of the construction projects again. |
| |Article 27 When it is not in agreement with the approved of environmental impact assessment file during project construction and operation process, the construction unit shall organize |
| |the environmental impact pro-assessment, take measures for the improvement, and submitted to the original environment impact assessment documents for examination and approval departments|
| |and construction project examination and approval departments for the record; The original environment impact assessment documents for examination and approval department could also urge|
| |the construction unit to undergo the environment impact pro-assessment and take measures for the improvement. |
| |Article 28 The competent administrative department of environmental protection of construction projects shall track and inspect the environmental impact of the construction projects put|
| |into production, and check out the reason and the responsibility to those cause serious environmental pollution or ecological destruction. |
|Law of the People's |Article. 03 Prevention and control of water pollution shall insist the principle of combining and comprehensive governance, priority of protection and drinking water sources, strictly |
|Republic of China on |control industrial pollution and urban life pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, and actively promote the construction project of ecological |
|Prevention and Control |treatment to prevent, control and reduce the water environment pollution and ecological destruction. |
|of Water Pollution |Article 09 Where atmospheric pollutants are discharged, the concentration of the said pollutants may not exceed the national or local standards on water pollution emission and the total|
| |amount control guideposts on the key water pollution emission. |
| |Article 13 Those who discharge pollutants into any water body for which local standards have been established shall observe such local standards. |
| |Article 17 New construction projects and expansion or reconstruction projects and other installations on water that directly or indirectly discharge pollutants to water bodies shall be |
| |subject to relevant State regulations governing environmental protection for such projects. The facilities for prevention and control of water pollution must be designed, constructed and|
| |put to use or into operation simultaneously with the main part of a construction project. Such facilities must be inspected by the environmental protection department. If they do not |
| |conform to the specified requirements, the said project shall not be permitted to be put into operation or to use. |
| |Article 18 The State implement the regulation on total amount control to the key water pollution emission. |
| |Article 20 The State implement the regulation on pollutant discharge permission. |
| |Article 29 It is forbidden to discharge any oil, acid or alkaline solutions or deadly toxic liquid waste into any water body. It is forbidden to wash and clean in any water body any |
| |vehicles or containers which have been used for storing oil or toxic pollutant. |
| |Article 33 It is forbidden to discharge or dump industry waste residues, urban refuse or other wastes into any water body. |
| |Article 35 It is forbidden to discharge or dump waste water containing toxic pollutants or pathogens or other wastes into seepage wells or pits, crevices or karat caves. |
| |Article 36 At places where no satisfactory impervious strata exist, it is forbidden to use ditches, pits or ponds devoid of safeguards against seepage for conveyance or storage of waste|
| |water containing toxic pollutants or pathogens, or of other wastes. |
| |Article 40 The relevant departments under the state council and the local people's government at or above the county level shall be reasonable planning industrial layout, and require |
| |enterprises to update the technology and take the integrated prevention and control measures, improve utilization efficiency of water and decrease the discharge of waste water and |
| |pollutants. |
| |Article 41 The State shall institute a system for eliminating outdated production techniques and equipment which seriously pollute the water environment. Manufacturers, sellers, |
| |importers and users must, within the time limit fixed by the competent department for comprehensive economic and trade affairs under the State Council together with the relevant |
| |departments under the State Council, stop manufacturing, selling, importing or using the equipment listed in the catalogue mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Users of the production |
| |techniques listed in the catalogue mentioned in the preceding paragraph must stop using such production techniques within the time limit fixed by the competent department for |
| |comprehensive economic and trade affairs under the State Council together with relevant departments under the State Council. |
| |Article 42 The State shall forbid construction of any small enterprises, devoid of measures for prevention and control of water pollution, that seriously pollute the water environment, |
| |such as chemical pulp mills, printing and dyeing mills, dyestuff mills, tanneries, electroplating factories, oil refineries and pesticides manufacturers. |
| |Article 43 Enterprises shall employ clean production techniques that facilitate high utilization efficiency of raw and semi-finished materials and reduced discharge of pollutants and |
| |improve management to decrease water pollutants. |
| |Article 67 If a pollutant discharging unit, as a result of an accident or other exigency, discharges pollutants in excess of normal quantities and thus causes or may possibly cause a |
| |water pollution accident, it shall immediately take emergency measures, inform such units as are likely to be endangered or damaged by the water pollution and report the matter to the |
| |local environmental protection department. |
|Law of the People's |Article 02 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels must incorporate the protection of the atmospheric environment into their national economic and social |
|Republic of China on the|development plans, make rational plans for the distribution of industrial layout, strengthen the scientific research on the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, adopt |
|Prevention and Control |preventive and curative measures against atmospheric pollution, and protect and improve the atmospheric environment. |
|of Atmospheric Pollution|Article 03 The State takes measures to control or gradually reduce, in a planned way, the total amount of the main atmospheric pollutants discharged in local areas. The local people's |
| |governments at various levels shall be responsible for the quality of the atmospheric environment under their own jurisdictions, making plans and taking measures to make the quality of |
| |the atmospheric environment under their own jurisdictions meet the prescribed standard. |
| |Article 13 Where atmospheric pollutants are discharged, the concentration of the said pollutants may not exceed the standards prescribed by the State and local authorities. |
| |Article 15 With regard to the regions not meeting the prescribed standards for the quality of atmospheric environment and the acid rain control areas and the sulfur dioxide pollution |
| |control areas designated as such with the approval of the State Council, the State Council or the people's government of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under |
| |the Central Government may delimit them as the major areas for the total emission control air pollutants. The concrete measures for the State Council shall prescribe the total emission |
| |control of major air pollutants. The local people's government concerned in the areas for the control of total emission of air pollutants shall check and approve the total emission of |
| |major air pollutants by enterprises and institutions and issue them licenses for emission of major air pollutants. It shall do this in accordance with the conditions and procedures |
| |provided by the State Council and in line with the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality. The enterprises and institutions obliged to control their total emission of air |
| |pollutants must emit their pollutants according to the checked and approved standards for the total emission of major air pollutants and the conditions of emission provided by the |
| |license. |
| |Article 26 The State adopts economic and technical policies and measures conducive to the clean utilization of coal, encourages and supports the consumption of fine coal of low-sulfur |
| |or low-ash, and encourages and supports the development and popularization of the technology of coal cleaning. |
| |Article 30 Where any newly built or expanded thermal power plants and other large or medium-sized enterprise that discharge sulfur dioxide more than the prescribed standards for |
| |pollutants discharge or the quota of total control allow, supporting facilities for desulphurization and dust removal must be installed or other measures for controlling the discharge of|
| |sulfur dioxide or for dust removal must be adopted. In the acid rain control areas or sulfur dioxide pollution control areas, if an existing enterprise discharges atmospheric pollutants |
| |more than the standards for pollutants discharge allow, the discharge of atmospheric pollutants of the enterprise shall be controlled within a time limit. This will be in accordance with|
| |the provisions of Article 48 of this Law. The State encourages enterprises to adopt advanced technology for desulphurization and dust removal. Enterprises shall gradually adopt measures |
| |to control the nitrogen oxide generated by the burning of fuel. |
|Law of the People's |Article 03 The State shall, in preventing and controlling environmental pollution by solid waste, implement the principles of reducing the discharge of solid waste, fully and rationally|
|Republic of China on the|utilizing solid waste, and making it hazardless through treatment. |
|Prevention and Control |Article 04 The State encourages and supports clean production and reduced discharge of solid waste. The State encourages and supports the comprehensive use of resources, full recovery |
|of Environmental |and rational utilization of solid waste, and adopts economic and technical policies and measures that facilitate the comprehensive use of solid waste. |
|Pollution by Solid |Article 05 The State encourages and supports adoption of measures for centralized treatment of solid waste in favor of environmental protection. |
|Wastes |Article 20 Installations and sites built for storage or treatment of industrial solid waste must comform to the standards for environmental protection prescribed by the competent |
| |administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council. |
| |Article 27 The competent department in charge of comprehensive administration of economic affairs under the State Council shall, jointly with other relevant departments under the State |
| |Council, organize the research, development and dissemination of the production techniques and equipment that will serve to reduce the discharge of industrial solid waste, and promulgate|
| |the list of backward production techniques and equipment that discharge industrial solid waste causing severe environmental pollution and that should be eliminated within a specified |
| |period of time. Producers, sellers, importers or users must stop producing, selling, importing or using the equipment included in the list stipulated in the preceding paragraph within |
| |the period of time specified by the competent department in charge of comprehensive administration of economic affairs in conjunction with other relevant departments under the State |
| |Council. Users of the production techniques must stop the process techniques included in the list mentioned in the preceding paragraph within the period of time specified by the |
| |competent department in charge of comprehensive administration of economic affairs jointly with other relevant departments under the State Council. Equipment eliminated in accordance |
| |with the preceding two paragraphs shall not be transferred to another for use. |
| |Article 49 Units engaged in collection, storage and treatment of hazardous waste must apply to the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's |
| |government at or above the county level for the operation license. Specific measures for the administration thereof shall be prescribed by the State Council. It is forbidden to collect, |
| |store or treat hazardous waste without an operation license or against the provisions of the operation license. It is forbidden to supply or entrust hazardous waste to units that do not |
| |have the operation license for collection, storage and treatment. |
|Law of the People's |Article 13 Every project under construction, renovation or expansion must conform to the regulations of the State governing environmental protection. Where a construction project might |
|Republic of China on the|cause environmental noise pollution, the unit undertaking the project must prepare an environmental impact statement which includes the measures it takes to prevent and control such |
|Prevention and Control |pollution, and submit it, following the procedures prescribed by the State, to the competent administrative department for environmental protection for approval. The environmental impact|
|of Environmental Noise |statement shall include the comments and suggestions of the units and residents in the place where the construction project is located. |
|Pollution |Article 14 Facilities for prevention and control of environmental noise pollution must be designed, built and put into use simultaneously with the main part of a construction project. |
| |Before a construction project is put into production or use, its facilities for prevention and control of environmental noise pollution must be inspected by the competent administrative |
| |department for environmental protection that originally approved the environmental impact statement; if such facilities fail to meet the requirements of the State, the construction |
| |project may not be put into production or use. |
| |Article 15 Enterprises and institutions that produce environmental noise pollution must maintain normal operation of the facilities for prevention and control of such pollution; whoever|
| |intends to dismantle or leave idle such facilities must report the matter in advance to the competent administrative department for environmental protection of the local people's |
| |government at or above the county level for approval. |
|Water Law of the |Article 04 The development and utilization of water resources and the prevention and control of water disasters shall be carried out by comprehensive planning with all factors taken |
|People's Republic of |into consideration, and with emphasis on multipurpose use and on achieving maximum benefits so as to give full play to the multiple functions of water resources. |
|China |Article 08 The state strictly practises to save water, to push water conservation measures, to promote new technology and process of water saving, to develop industry, agriculture and |
| |service industry of water-saving,and to establish water-saving society. People's governments at various levels shall strengthen the management of the economical use of water. All units |
| |shall adopt advanced technology for the economical use of water, reduce water consumption and raise the frequency of the reuse of water. Units and individuals have the obligation to |
| |saving water. |
|Law of the People's |Article 02 Cleaner production as used in this Law means the continuous application of measures for design improvement, utilization of clean energy and raw materials, the implementation |
|Republic of China on |of advanced processes, technologies and equipment, improvement of management and comprehensive utilization of resources to reduce pollution at source, enhance the rates of resource |
|Clean Production |utilization efficiency, reduce or avoid pollution generation and discharge in the course of production, provision of services and product use, so as to decrease harm to the health of |
|Promotion |human beings and the environment. |
| |Article 12 The nation shall implement a time-limited system for the elimination of obsolete or obsolescent production technologies, processes, equipment and products gravely hazardous |
| |to environments and wasteful of resources. |
| |Article 18 New construction, construction renovation and expansion projects shall conduct environmental impact assessments with respect to analysis and assessment of use of raw |
| |materials, resource consumption, comprehensive utilization of resources, as well as generation of pollutants and their treatment; shall accord priority to adopting cleaner production |
| |technologies, processes and equipment, which maximize the resource utilization rate and generate few pollutants. |
| |Article 19 Enterprises in the course of technological upgrades shall adopt the following cleaner production measures: (1) Adopting toxin-free, non-hazardous or low-toxin and low-harm |
| |raw materials to replace toxic and hazardous raw materials; (2) Adopting processes and equipment with high resource utilization rates and little pollutant-generation to replace processes|
| |and equipment with high resource consumption and significant generation of pollutants; (3) Comprehensive use or recycling of materials such as waste products, waste water and heat |
| |generated from production procedures; (4) Adopting pollution prevention and control technologies sufficient to permit the enterprises to comply with national or local pollution discharge|
| |standards and total volume control quotas for pollutants. |
| |Article 28 Enterprises shall monitor resource consumption and generation of wastes during the course of production and provision of services, and conduct cleaner production audits with |
| |respect to production and service procedures according to need. Enterprises that exceed the national or local discharging standards or exceed the total volume control targets for |
| |pollutants set by the relevant local people's governments shall conduct cleaner production audits. Any enterprise using toxic and hazardous materials in production or discharging toxic |
| |and hazardous substances shall periodically conduct cleaner production audits, and report the audit results to the relevant administrative departments for environmental protection and |
| |the relevant departments for economic and trade under the local people's government at or above county level. The administrative procedures for conducting cleaner production audits shall|
| |be formulated by the relevant departments for economic and trade under the State Council jointly with the relevant administrative department for environmental protection under the State |
| |Council. |
|Interim Procedure on the|Article 08 As for the construction projects in environment sensative region regulated in “Classified Catalogue for Environmental Impact Studies of Construction Projects”, which need the|
|Public Participating in |environment impact assessment report, the construction unit shall announce the following information to public, within a week after determining the institution for environment impact |
|Environmental Impact |assessment: (1) The name and schema of construction project; (2) The name and contact of the construction unit for construction project; (3) The name and contact of the organization for |
|Assessment |environment impact assessment; (4) The procedure and main content of environment impact assessment; (5) The main terms to ask for public opinions; (6) The main methods for public to |
| |propose. |
| |Article 12 After the information announcemennt and the abridged edition of environment impact assessment report published, the construction unit or the commited organization for |
| |environment impact assessment shall take measures of inquiry of public opinion, expert consultant, discussion meeting and hearing to ask for public opinion. The duration to ask for pubic|
| |opinion must be more than 10 days and the public related information must be kept public during the whole duration. The construction unit or the commited organization for environment |
| |impact assessment could reply the management status of the suggestion raised by public before environment impact assessment report sent to Administrative departments of environment |
| |protection to approve or re-approve. |
|Regulation of the |Article 12 It is forbidden to pile up, dump or treat solid wastes, oil materials, pollutants including pathogens, and other hazardous and noxious pollutants in scenic or historic sites,|
|Guangxi Zhuang |nature protection zones, protection zones for drinking water sources, forest parks, fishery water bodies, the protection zones for farmland and other zones for special protection |
|Autonomous Region on |demarcated according to law. Where the piling up, dumping or treatment exist, shall eliminate with the time of limit. |
|Environmental Protection|Article 26 The pollutant discharging unit and individual shall carry out the registration of pollution to the local environmental protection authority, in accordance with the discharge |
| |of pollutants the relevant provisions on the administration of registration of declaration. If the type, quantity, concentration, strength discharge of pollutants have significant |
| |changes or the way to pollutant emissions change, afresh drainage for registration shall be dealt timely to the local environmental protection department. |
| |Article 29 The construction project which has influence to environment shall implement “the facilities for environment protection must be designed, constructed and put to use or into |
| |operation simultaneously with the main part of a construction project”, according to related regulations of the state and autonomous region. The total investment for construction of the |
| |project shall ensure that the relevant pollution prevention and control of the construction of infrastructure investment. Construction projects before in trial-produce, its construction |
| |with environmental protection facilities shall be with the main body of the project and put into use. Pollution prevention and control facilities shall be the competent department of |
| |environmental protection of the acceptance, the construction project may be put to use. |
|Prevention and Control |Article 10 In the administrative areas of this municipality , it is forbidden to directly fuel the coal including more than 3% of sulphur content. If countries otherwise stipulated with|
|Measures of Nanning City|the sulphur content of coal power, the provisions shall apply. For supply shortages, and other special reason, have already installed on-line monitoring device of more than 35 tons/hr |
|on Sulfur Dioxide |when coal boiler, the desulfurization of supporting facilities desulfurization rate above 90%, and in the environmental protection department within the time limit prescribed by the |
|Pollution of Coal |sulphur content in peat can be directly not more than 5% of the coal. |
| |Article 14 The unit and individual which discharge sulfur dioxide shall report the concentration of gas smoke, coal in sulfur removal efficiency, solid, and the related data to the |
| |local administrative department of environmental protection declaration of sulfur dioxide facilities (or method) and treatment facilities under normal operation conditions of sulfur |
| |dioxide emissions, and accept supervision and inspection of the administrative department of environmental protection. Sulfur dioxide smoke gas, concentration, sulphur content in coal |
| |desulfurization rate and solid, desulfurization facilities have significant change, it shall promptly declared. When coal boiler and sulfur dioxide pollution of the boiler more than 35 |
| |tons/hr, it shall be installed in accordance with provisions or the kiln of atmospheric pollutants on-line monitoring device, and with the competent administrative department of |
| |environmental protection monitoring system networking, real-time transmission air pollutant emission information data. |
|Law of the People’s |Article 03 The term "energy conservation" as used in this Law means: enhancing management in the use of energy; adopting measures which are technologically feasible, economically |
|Republic of China on |rational, and, by reducing loss and waste at every stage from production through to consumption of energy, environmentally and socially acceptable in order to use energy more efficiently|
|Energy Saving |and rationally. |
| |Article 07 The State formulates industry policies in favor of energy conservation and environment protection, restrict the development of the industry with highly energy-consuming and |
| |highly environment pollution and develop the environment-friendly enterprise. The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly|
| |under the Central Government shall strengthen their efforts in energy conservation; readjust in a rational way the industrial structure, pattern of enterprises, product mix and pattern |
| |of energy consumption; facilitate technological progress for energy conservation; reduce energy consumption per unit output value and per unit product; and improve the exploitation, |
| |processing, conversion, transmission and supply of energy so as to gradually increase the utilization rate of energy. The State encourages the development and utilization of new and |
| |renewable resources of energy. |
| |Article 16 The State applies an elimination system for outdated and highly energy-consuming products and equipment. A catalogue of highly energy-consuming products and equipment to be |
| |eliminated shall be decided on by the administrative department for energy conservation under the State Council together with the relevant departments under the State Council and made |
| |known to the public. Units that manufacture energy-consuming products shall comply with the quota set for energy consumption per unit product according to law. Units that use energy |
| |exceeding the quota for energy consumption per unit product to a serious extent shall be required to solve the problem within a time limit. |
| |Article 30 The competent department in charge of energy conservation under the State Council shall, jointly with other relevant departments under the State Council, formulate the energy|
| |conservation policies of the main energy consuming industries of electric power, steel, nonferrous metal, building materials, oil processing, chemical, coal, and promote the energy |
| |technique update of enterprise, |
|Census Regulations on |Article 03 The term "Pollution Source" as used in this regulation means: the premises, facilities, equipment which discharge pollutants to the environment due to production, life and |
|National Pollution |other activities, and other pollution sources. |
|Source |Article 08 The object for census on pollution sources is the units and individual businesses of the People's Republic of China, , which have pollution sources |
| |Article 10 The scope of the census on polution sources includes: Industrial pollution, agricultural pollution sources, life source, centralized pollution treatment facilities and other |
| |generation, the discharge of pollutants facilities. |
| |Article 11 The main content of the census on industrial pollution sources includes: basic registration information of enterprise the consumption of raw materials, product production |
| |conditions, produce pollution situation of the facilities, all kinds of pollutants, control and emissions and comprehensive utilization situation, all kinds of pollution control |
| |facilities construction, operation and so on. |
| |Article 20 The large- and medium-sized industrial enterprise in the census scope shall appoint related institutions to be responsible to the work of flling and submit the census chart |
| |of pollution source inquiry, and other units shall designate personnel to take charge of this work. |
|Interim Measures for |Article 02 Clean production check” as mentioned in these Measures shall mean the process of following certain procedures to investigate into and diagnose the production and service |
|Clean Production |process so as to find out the causes of high energy consumption, high material consumption and heavy pollution and to render solutions for reducing the use and production of toxic or |
| |harmful materials and decreasing energy consumption, material consumption and wastes, and therefore to select the technically, economically and environmentally feasible clean production |
| |plans. |
| |Article 03 This measure shall apply to the People's Republic of China all engaged in production and service activities units and related management activities in the department. |
| |Article 08 In the following situation, it shall implement compulsory cleaner production check: the enterprise which use the poisonous and harmful material in production or discharging |
| |toxic and harmful material. Toxic and harmful materials or substances mainly means: virulent and strong corrosive, strong excitant, radioactive (not including nuclear power facilities |
| |and military nuclear facilities), cancer, teratogenic substances in the " The List of Dangerous Commodity " (GB12268), and "the Directory of Hazadous Chemicals”, “The National Hazardous |
| |Waste List" and "Poisonous Chemicals List”. |
|Regulations on |Article 02 The unit and individual which directly discharge pollutants to the environment (referred to as the discharger) shall, in accordance with the provisions of these regulations |
|Collection and Usage of |pay the fees. The dischargers, who discharge to the facilities for central treatment of urban sewage discharge sewage and pay the fees for sewage treatment, shall not pay pollutant |
|Sewage Fee |discharge fee again. |
| |Article 06 The dischargers shall, in accordance of the regulation of environmental protection departments under the state council, declare the types, volume, and provide the relevant |
| |information to the competent administrative department, the local people's government at or above the county level to the competent administrative department of environmental protection |
| |of pollutants discharged. |
| |Article 10 When dischargers use automatic monitoring instrument of state provisions cracks compulsory verification pollutant emission of pollutants for monitoring, the monitoring data |
| |shall be viewed as the basis of the types, volume of pollutants. The automatic monitoring instrument with installation of dischargers shall, in accordance with law, be regular checked. |
| |Article 12 The dischargers shall pay the pollutants discharge fee in accordance of following rules: (2) In accordance with the provisions of “The Law of Water Pollution Prevention and |
| |Control”, who discharge pollutants, according to the types and the quantity of the discharge of pollutants, pay the fee; Who discharge pollutants in excess of the national or local the |
| |prescribed discharge standards, pay the fee proportional to the types and the quantity of the discharge of pollutants, |
|Regulations on the |Article 03 State standards and local standards for the discharge of pollutants must be complied with in building construction projects that generate pollution; requirements for |
|Administration of |aggregate control of discharge of major pollutants must be met in areas under aggregate control of discharge of major pollutants. |
|Construction Project |Article 04 Industrial construction projects should adopt clean production techniques with low energy consumption, low materials consumption and low pollutants generation, rationally |
|Environmental Protection|exploit natural resources to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage. |
| |Article 05 Measures must be taken in reconstruction, expansion projects and technological transformation projects to treat original environmental pollution and ecological damage related|
| |to the said projects. |
| |Article 07 The state practises classified control over construction project environmental protection in accordance with the extent of environmental impact of construction projects in |
| |pursuance of the following provisions: (1) a report on environmental impact should be compiled for a construction project that may cause major impact on the environment, giving |
| |comprehensive and detailed evaluation of the pollution generated and environmental impact caused by the construction project; (2) a statement on environmental impact should be compiled |
| |for a construction project that may cause light impact on the environment, giving analysis or special-purpose evaluation of the pollution generated and environmental impact caused by the|
| |construction project; (3) a registration form should be filled out and submitted for a construction project that has slight impact on the environment and necessitates no environmental |
| |impact evaluation. |
| |Article 16 Simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous going into operation with the main body project must be realized for matching environmental protection |
| |facilities construction which is required for the construction project. |
| |Article 19 The construction unit shall, during the trial production of a construction project, monitor the operations of the environmental protection facilities and the environmental |
| |impact of the construction project. |
|Regulations on Safety |Article 03 “Dangerous chemicals” as referred to herein include explosives, pressure gas, liquefied gas, inflammable liquid, inflammable solid, spontaneous combustible articles, |
|Management of Hazardous |combustible materials in case of moisture, oxidants, organic peroxide, toxic articles, corrosives, etc. |
|Chemicals |Article 04 The personnel chiefly in charge of units that manufacture, deal in, store, transport, and use the dangerous chemicals and dispose of the wasted dangerous chemicals |
| |(hereinafter referred to as the “units of dangerous chemicals”) must guarantee the safety control for their own dangerous chemicals satisfy provisions of the relevant laws, regulations, |
| |and rules, as well as requirements of the national standards, and be responsible for the safety of their own dangerous chemicals. The personnel engaging in the manufacture, operation, |
| |storage, transportation, use of dangerous chemicals or disposal of wasted dangerous chemicals of the units of dangerous chemicals must take part in the training for the relevant laws, |
| |regulations, rules, safety knowledge, professional skills, vocational safety protection, and emergency knowledge. Only those passing the examination may hold their posts. |
| |Article 15 The production conductions of units engaging in the manufacture of dangerous chemicals must fulfill the national standards and the relevant provisions of the State, and these|
| |units shall obtain the corresponding licenses in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the State, must establish and strengthen the regulations and rules on the safety |
| |control over the use of dangerous chemicals, and guarantee the safe use and control over dangerous chemicals. |
| |Article 16 Whoever manufactures, stores, or makes use of dangerous chemicals shall, according to the varieties and characteristics of dangerous chemicals, set up the corresponding |
| |safety facilities and equipment for monitoring, ventilation, burning resistance, tempering, fireproofing, fire control, explosion protection, pressure relief, antitoxin, disinfections, |
| |neutralization, moisture prevention, lightning protection, static electricity resistance, antisepsis, seep-proofing, reclamation dam protection, or isolated operation in the workshops |
| |and operating sites, maintain and protect them in accordance with the national standards and the relevant provisions of the State, and guarantee that they satisfy the requirements on |
| |safe operation. |
| |Article 17 A unit that manufactures, stores, or makes use of hyper-toxic chemicals shall conduct safety evaluation of its own manufacturing or storage installations once a year. A unit |
| |that manufactures, stores, or makes use of other dangerous chemicals shall conduct the safety evaluation of its own manufacturing or storage installations once two years. |
| |Article 18 Units that manufacture, store, and use dangerous chemicals shall set up the communication and alarming installations in the manufacturing, storage, and use places, and |
| |guarantee their normal applicable conditions under any circumstances. |
1.3.2 Technical guidelines and specifications
(1) “Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment”- general programme (HJ/T2.1-93);
(2) “Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment”- atmospheric environment (HJ2.2-2008);
(3) “Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment”-surface water (HJ/T2.3-93);
(4) “Technical guidelines for noise impact assessment”(HJ2.4-2009)；
(5) “Technical guidelines for ecological impact assessment”- ecological environment (HJ19-2011);
(6) “Technical guidelines for environmental risk assessment on projects” (HJ/T169-2004);
(7) “Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface water and waste water” (HJ/T91-2002);
(8) “Technical requirements for monitoring of total amount of pollutants in waste water”
(HJ/T92-2002)；
(9) “Technical specifications for environmental monitoring of ground water ” (HJ/T164-2004)；
(10) “Manual methods for ambient air quality monitoring” (HJ/T194-2005);
(11) “Technical guidelines for fugitive emission monitoring of air pollutants” (HJ/T55-2000);
(12) “Principle and technical methods for regionalizing ambient air quality function”《 (HJ/14-1996);
(13) “Technical specifications to determinate the suitable areas for environmental noise of urban area”(GB/T15190-94)；
(14) “Technical regulation on water and soil conservation plan of development and construction projects” (Ministry of Water Resources issued in February 1998);
(15) World Bank Group “Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines-
Related technical guidelines and main content for domestic projects was shown in Table 1.3-2.
Table 1.3-2 List of Related Technical Guidelines in China
|Name |Content |
|Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment- |This guideline demonstrated general principles, methods, contents and requirements for the environmental impact assessment of construction projects. |
|General Programme |The applicability of this guideline includes environmental impact assessment of corporations, enterprise and other institutions. Environment impact |
|(HJ/T 2.1-93) |assessment of other construction projects can also refer to the basic principles and methods of this guideline. |
|Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on |This guideline demonstrated purpose, basic principles, contents, procedures and methods for environmental risk assessment of the construction |
|Projects |projects. The applicability of this guideline includes that environmental risk assessment of the newly built, rebuilt, expansion and technical |
|(HT/T 169-2004) |renovation programs, involving production, use, storage and transportation of poisonous and harmful and flammable materials. The projects of new |
| |construction, alteration, extension and technical transformation, mainly referred to chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, oil and |
| |natural gas production and refining, chemical manufacturing, chemical fiber information manufacturing, smelting non-ferrous metal processing, mining, |
| |building materials, and other newly built, rebuilt, expansion and technical reconstruction project in “The List for Environmental Protection of |
| |Construction Projects” issued by the state environmental protection administration. |
|Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact |This guideline demonstrated the principles, methods and requirements for environment impact assessment of the surface water. The applicability of this|
|Assessment-Surface Water |guideline includes surface water enviroment of corporations, enterprise and other institutions. Environment impact assessment of other construction |
|（HJ/T2.3-93） |projects can also refer to the basic principles and methods of this guideline. Evaluation work could be divided into 3 grades. This guideline |
| |presented necessary water quality terms, especially for pulp and paper industry, including ph value (or alkalinity), COD, BOD, suspended matter, water|
| |temperature, volatile phenol, sulfide, lead, mercury, lignin, chroma. |
|Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment”- |This guideline demonstrated general principles, methods, contents and requirements for the atmospheric environmental impact assessment of construction|
|Atmospheric Environment |projects. The applicability of this guideline includes atmospheric environmental impact assessment of construction projects. Atmospheric environment |
|(HJ 2.2-2008) |impact assessment of regions and plannning area can also refer to the basic principles and methods of this guideline |
|Technical Specifications Requirements for Monitoring of |This guideline demonstrated contents including points and sampling of the surface water and wastewater monitoring, monitoring project and the |
|Surface Water and Waste Water |corresponding monitoring analysis method, the basin monitoring, data processing and report, sewage flow measurement methods, quality guarantee for |
|（HJ/T 91-2002） |water quality monitoring, material reorganized, etc. In addition, it also provides the basic method of the pollution total amount control monitoring |
| |construction project, sewage treatment facilities completion acceptance of environmental protection monitoring and emergency monitoring. This |
| |guideline presented necessary detecting iterms of paper and paper industry, including acidity (or alkalinity), COD, BOD5, can remove organic halide |
| |(AOX), pH, volatile phenol, suspended matter, chroma, sulfide. The optional iterms are lignin and the oil. |
|Technical Specifications Requirements for Monitoring of |This specification demonstrated the requirements for the design of environmental air quality monitoring network and monitoring sites set, the method |
|Ambient Air Quality (Trial Implementation) |and technical requirements for environmental air quality manual and automatic monitoring, and management and processing requirements for the |
|(State Environmental Protection Administration No.4, 2007) |environmental air quality monitoring data. The applicability of this specification is environment air quality monitoring activities of national and |
| |local competent administrative department of environmental protection to confirm air environmental quality condition and prevention and control of air|
| |pollution. |
|Technical Specifications Requirements for Monitoring of Soil|This specification demonstrated the technical content including sampling and points of soil environmental monitoring, sample preparation, analysis |
|Environment |methods, results characterization, statistics and quality evaluation. The applicability of this specification is monitoring for national and regional |
|(HJ/T 166-2004) |soil background, farmland soil environment, construction project soil environmental assessment, soil pollution accident, and other types. |
|Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines-Pulp and Paper |The guidelines for pulp and paper technology made an environment-friendly selection,the main environmental impact of pulp and paper was divided into |
|Mills |water, gas and slag; the technology was definited and recommended; |
|(World Bank Group, December 10th, 2007) |And the classification parameters for practicality and applicability were given. It includes methods and management that were frequently used and |
| |proved to be effective, and that could actually reduce damage degree for environment. The guideline also gave the guidance parameters for pollutants |
| |emission control and energy consumption, and considered the possibility and effectiveness for the cost control. In the practice, it provided a bigger |
| |flexibility. It provided available reference and guidance for the best feasibility of practice and management in environment, health and production of|
| |the manufacturing. |
1.4 Assessment level and Scope
1.4.1 Assessment period
Based on the characteristics of this technology upgrade, the assessment is divided into two periods: construction period and operation period.
1.4.2 Assessment level
Refer to table 1 for the determination of level of project environmental impact assessment prepared on the basis of project construction scope, characteristics of project, regional environmental characteristics, the degree and scope of impact of this project on environment during construction period and operation period, and based on the classification method of assessment level in “Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment”.
Table 1: Assessment level
|Assessment content |Level |Basis |Actual situation of project construction |
|Surface water |II |According to HJ/T2.3-93, the amount of emitted |the amount of emitted waste water is |
| | |waste water > 20000 m3/d. the waste water is |15967m3/d(Excluding Mei Heng An Xing Co,Ltd.). |
| | |simple in content. The surface water is river |the major pollutants in waste water is Non-POPs|
| | |water with the quality of level III. |and the there are three pollution factors |
| | | |requiring concentration prediction which are |
| | | |COD、BOD5、DO |
|Air environment |III |According to HJ2.2-2008，the pollutant Pi ＜ |SO2：Q=0.098t/h |
| | |2.5 × 108 m3/h. Hill area. |C=0.50 mg/m3 |
| | | |Pi =1.96×108m3/h |
|Noise |III |According to HJ/T2.4-2009, the area where |The assessment area complies with |
| | |project locates is level III area. This project|“Environmental quality standard for noise” and |
| | |is medium scale with the increase of noise |there are mainly industrial enterprises, |
| | |level before and after construction no more |villages and cultural and education agencies in|
| | |than 3 dB(A), and little change in impacted |assessment area. |
| | |population. | |
|Risk |II |According to” Technical guidelines for |The hazardous objects of this project are not |
| | |environmental risk assessment on projects” |major danger source |
| | |(HJ/T169-2004), there is no major danger | |
| | |source. | |
|Ecological environment |III |According to HJ19-2011，the impact scope of |The new added land of this project is 0.05km2, |
| | |this project shall ＜2km2，and there is no |with no basic farm land. the impact scope of |
| | |targets requiring special protection in project|this project shall ＜2km2，and there is no |
| | |area. |targets requiring special protection in project|
| | | |area. |
1.4.3 Assessment Scope
(1) Air environment
The major waste gas pollution sources of this technology upgrade are odorous gas and methane generated from waste water treatment station. The air assessment scope shall be centered with project site and expand to 3000 m near the factory.
(2) Surface water
There is one waste water outlet-outlet No. 1-on Yongjiang River. The waste water is emitted through 1#outlet after treatment in waste water station and meeting the requirements of standards.
The scope of this surface water assessment is:
From 500 m upstream above 1#outlet and 18 km downstream under 1# outlet of Yongjiang, with the length of 18.5 km.
(3) Noise
Sensitive points shall be set in factory and within 300 m from the factory.
(4) Ecological environment
According to “Technical guidelines for ecological impact assessment”- ecological environment (HJ19-2011), the impact of this project on ecological environment shall be conducted within the scope of within 1 km from this project.
1.5 Assessment emphasis and methods
1) Discuss emission plan for waste water, conduct technical and economic discussion on waste water treatment measures, and propose reasonable suggestions through monitoring and analyzing the degree and scope of impact of generated waste water on accepting water body.
2) Implement the principles of clean production. Assess, discuss and analyze the advance of production technique and completion of environmental protection measures with the indicators of material consumption, energy consumption and pollutant emission per unit product as well as water reuse rate of the whole factory on the basis of sufficient investigation, thus to propose measures of clean production.
3) Conduct technical and economic discussion on waste gas treatment measures propose reasonable suggestions through analyzing effective dioxin reduction amount, monitoring the degree and scope of impact of fugitive odorous gas on ambient air and ecological environment.
4) Pollutant emission after meeting requirements in standards and total amount control. On the basis of understand regional total amount control quotation plan, analyze the feasibility of Pollutant emission after meeting requirements and propose pollutant total amount control plan through pollutant source monitoring with combination of plan design of Technology Upgrade Project of New Bleaching Technique and Energy-conservation and Emission-reduction.
1.6 Environmental protection goals and sensitive points
1.6.1 Environmental protection goals
There are no scenic spots and natural reserves within 1 km from the factory and no sensitive points and targets such as cultural relics and historic sites are found.
The determination of project environmental protection goals shall take into consideration of factors such as population, social economy, historical and cultural background, and environmental quality. Refer to table 2 for specific environmental protection goals of this assessment.
Table 2: Environmental protection goals
|Environmental medium |Environmental protection goals |Protection level |
|Surface water |Water quality in Bachi River and Yongjiang River |Level III |
|Air |Resident areas around the factory |Level II |
|Noise |Resident areas around the factory |Level II |
1.6.2 Environmental sensitive points
There are eight environmental sensitive points such as Nanning No. 43 Senior School around the factory. Refer to attached Diagram 3 (p. 228) for the details of distribution of sensitive points near the factory. Refer to table 3 for general situations of each sensitive point.
Table 3: General situations of sensitive points around the factory
|No. |Name of sensitive |Relative direction with |Relative direction |Relative direction with |General situations |
| |point |the factory and shortest|with bagasse storage |the waste water treatment | |
| | |straight-line distance |yard and shortest |station and shortest | |
| | |from the factory (km) |straight-line distance|straight-line distance | |
| | | |from bagasse storage |from the boundary of waste| |
| | | |yard (km) |water treatment station | |
| | | | |(km) | |
|1 |Dormitory area of |North, side upwind, |North, side upwind, |North west，side downwind,|Located at the north of |
| |the factory |0.1km |0.3km |0.4km |production area with |
| | | | | |Yongheng Road between them.|
| | | | | |There are hills on the |
| | | | | |north and a small market in|
| | | | | |front of the dormitory |
| | | | | |area. |
|2 |Nanning No. 43 |West，downwind, 0.4km |West，downwind, 0.4km |West，downwind, |There is Yongheng Road in |
| |Senior School | | |approximately 0.7km |front of the school with |
| | | | | |large traffic flow. The |
| | | | | |land is flat. There are |
| | | | | |about 3400 students and |
| | | | | |teacher in the school |
|3 |Nail village |South，side upwind, 2km |South，side upwind, |South，side upwind, 2.2 km|There are open field around|
| | | |2km | |the village with flat land |
| | | | | |and population of 220. |
|4 |Social welfare |North, side upwind, |Northeast, side |North, side upwind, 0.2km |It is located at a slope |
| |institute of |0.1km |upwind, 0.7km | |with Yongheng Road in |
| |Yongning District | | | |front. There are about 70 |
| | | | | |people including staffs, |
| | | | | |the seniors and orphans. |
|5 |Dormitory of |Northwest, side downwind|Northwest, side |Northwest, side downwind, |There is Dormitory area of |
| |security personnels |0.8km |downwind 0.9km |approximately 1.2km |the factory to the |
| | | | | |southeast and production |
| | | | | |area and hills on the north|
| | | | | |with good vegetation. The |
| | | | | |land level is relatively |
| | | | | |high. |
|6 |Nanning the first |West，downwind, 2.3km |West，downwind, 2.3km |West，downwind, |The land is open. There are|
| |National Normal | | |approximately 2.5km |several teaching and |
| |School | | | |dormitory buildings and |
| | | | | |about 900 students and |
| | | | | |teachers. |
|7 |Pumiao Town |Northwest, side |Northwest, side |Northwest, side downwind, |The county town area with |
| | |downwind, 2km |downwind, 2.1km |approximately 2.3km |dense population of 123 |
| | | | | |thousand. |
|8 |Namei village |southwest by west, side |southwest by west, |southwest by west, side |There are open field around|
| | |downwind, 1.6km |side downwind,1.6km |downwind,1.8km |the village with flat land |
| | | | | |and population of 420. |
1.7 Assessment standard
1.7.1 Environmental function zoning
Air quality: ensure the air quality in assessment scope meet the requirements for level II in “Ambient air quality standard (GB 3095－1996)”.
Surface water quality: the area from Yongning Bridge to Niuwan Bridge on Yongjiang River is industrial and agricultural, landscape and shipping area which shall comply with the requirements for level III to level IV in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”. The area from Niuwan Bridge to Liujing is industrial and agricultural and shipping area which shall comply with the requirements for level III in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”.
Noise: level II in “Environmental quality standards for noise (GB3096-2008)”
1.7.2 Environmental quality standards
(1) The air quality shall comply with the requirements for level II in “Ambient air quality standard (GB 3095－1996)” and its revised version. Refer to table 4 for detailed limitation.
Table 4: Concentration limit for each pollutant in “Ambient air quality standard (level II)” (extract)
|Pollutant |Period of value |concentration limit (mg/m3) |
|SO2 |Daily mean |0.15 |
| |Hourly mean |0.50 |
|TSP |Daily mean |0.30 |
|NO2 |Daily mean |0.12 |
| |Hourly mean |0.24 |
|Fluoride |Daily mean |0.007 |
| |Hourly mean |0.02 |
(2) The quality of surface water shall comply with the requirements for III in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”.
Refer to table 5 for details.
Table 5: Environmental quality standards for surface water unit: mg/L, no dimension for pH value
|Item |Level III of (GB3838-2002) |Item |Level III of (GB3838-2002) |
|pH value |6~9 |Hg |0.0001 |
|DO≥ |5 |Cd≤ |0.005 |
|COD≤ |20 |Pd≤ |0.05 |
|BOD5≤ |4 |Zn≤ |1.0 |
|NH3-N≤ |1.0 |Cr-VI≤ |0.05 |
|SS*≤ |30 |As≤ |0.05 |
|Fluoride (calculated as F—)≤ |1.0 |Petroleum ≤ |0.05 |
|Sulphide ≤ |0.2 |Sulphate ** (以 SO42- 计)≤ |250 |
|Fe**≤ |0.3 |Mn**≤ |0.1 |
Note: “*” means to take reference to “Quality standards for surface water resources” (SL63-94); “**” means to take reference to the limits in table 2 in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”
(3) The noise quality shall comply with the requirements for level III area in “Environmental quality standards for noise (GB3096-2008)”. The area within 35 m from the traffic road shall comply with the requirements for level 4a. Refer to Table 6 for details.
Table 6: Environmental quality standards for noise (GB3096-2008) unit: dB(A)
|Classification |Day |Night |
|Noise limit (level III) |65 |55 |
|Noise limit (level 4a) |70 |55 |
1.7.3 Pollutants emission standard
(1) The emitted waste water from pulp and paper industry shall comply with the requirements in table 2 “pollutants concentration limit in waste water from new constructed enterprise for pulp industry” of “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008).
Table 7: Emission standard of waste water from paper industry unit: mg/L, except pH value, color degree and dioxin
|Table 2 in GB3544-2008 for pulp industry |
Using the maximum allowed wastewater discharge per ton of air dry pulp produced as indicated in the GB3544-2008, an initial comparison can be made between GB3544-2008 and EHS effluent guidelines, as is shown in Table 7a.
Table 7a Comparison between EHS effluent guidelines and GB3544-2008 (Table 2) discharge standards
|Parameters |Units |GB3544-2008 |World Bank EHS Guidelines |
| | |Non-wood |Non-wood, Annex B-Table 1(l) |
|pH | |6~9 |6~9 |
|color |Times |50 |/ |
|TSS |kg/Adt |1.62 |2 |
|BOD5 |kg/Adt |1.08 |2 |
|CODcr |kg/Adt |4.86 |30 |
|NH3-N |kg/Adt |0.43 |/ |
|T-N |kg/Adt |0.65 |0.5 |
|T-P |kg/Adt |0.04 |0.05 |
|AOX-Workshop |kg/Adt |0.65 | |
|Dioxin-Workshop |TEQ ng/Adt |1.62 | |
|Wastewater discharge |t/Adt |54 |50 |
It is noted that in the EHS Guidelines, cooling water and other clean water is not included, while they are included in the GB3544-2008. The cooling water and other clean water is actually recycled in the paper mill, resulting dischare only about 1-2m3/ADt, which will not substantially change the quantity and quality of the total discharge. Therefore the basis for the comparision is basically identifcal. The comparision shows the EHS effluent guidelines non-wood pulping process does not have requirements on dioxins and AOX. Because the main manufacture of Pumiao Paper Mill is pulping, without paper making, it was derived from pulping. EHS standard is pulp with air drying, however, Chinese standard is absolute drying. When converse Chinese standards to air drying pulp, the conversion coefficient is 1/0.9. In the Chinese standards, AOX and Dioxin are both detected at workshop exit.
The results also show that generally the Chinese GB3544-2008 standards are more stringent than the EHS effluent guidelines, except that the total nitrogen (TN) and discharge slightly surpass the EHS guidelines. Mill-specific analysis on wastewater is presented in clean production nand impact analysis chapters in this report.
(2) The odorous pollutants generated from this technology upgrade project shall comply with the requirements in “Emission standards for odor pollutants” (GB 14554-1993): the concentration of odorous gas for new and expanded projects ≤20. The particulate matters shall comply with the requirements of level II for new pollution source in “Integrated emission standard of air pollutants” (GB16297-1996). Refer to table 8 for details.
Table 8: Level II of “Integrated emission standard of air pollutants”
|Pollutant |Maximum acceptable |maximum acceptable emission rate (kg/h) |Concentration limit for |
| |emission concentration| |fugitive emission |
| |(mg/m3) | | |
| | |Exhaust funnel (m) |Level II |Level III |Monitoring point |Emission |
| | | | | | |concentration |
| | | | | | |(mg/m3) |
|particulate |120(other) |15 |3.5 |5.0 |The point with the |1.0 |
|matter | | | | |highest concentration | |
| | | | | |outside the factory | |
The executive standards for boiler waste gas are shown in Table 9.
Table 9: Limit Value for Pollution Discharge Executive Standards of Boiler Waste Gas
|Name |Dust or |SO2 |NOx |
| |Particles（mg/m3） |（mg/m3） |（mg/m3） |
|The Standards for Atmospheric Pollutants Discharge of Power Plant|200* |800* |650 |
|(GB13223-2003) The 2nd Period（75t/h Boiler） | | | |
|The Standards for Atmospheric Pollutants Discharge of |200 |900 |-- |
|Boiler（GB13271-2001）Zone 2, the 2nd Period, (Alcohol | | | |
|incinerator) | | | |
|The Standards for Atmospheric Pollutants Discharge of Industrial |200 |-- |-- |
|furnaces（GB9078-1996）Secondary standard（Chemical recovery | | | |
|boiler） | | | |
|The Standards for Atmospheric Pollutants Discharge of |250 |1200 |-- |
|Boiler（GB13271-2001）Zone 2, the 1st Period（25t/h Boiler） | | | |
*: Standards for coal gangue reutilization in boilers. There no specific domestic NOx requirements for 25t/h boiler and alkali recovery boiler due to their small size. But monitoring of the NOx has been conducted regularly to the two boilers by Nanning Enviornmental Monitoring Station.
Mill-specific analysis on air emissions is presented in clean production nand impact analysis chapters in this report.
(3) The noise of this project during construction period shall comply with the requirements in “Noise limits for construction site” (GB12523-1990), refer to Table 10 for details. And the noise of this project during operation period shall comply with the requirements for level III in “Emission standard for industrial enterprise noise at boundary” (GB12348-2008), refer to Table 11 for details.
Table 10: Noise limit for construction site at different construction phase Leq[dB(A)]
|Construction phase |Major noise source |Noise limit |
| | |Day |Night |
|Earth and stone work |Bulldozer, excavator, loader, etc |75 |55 |
|Pile driving |All kinds of pile driver |85 |Construction prohibited |
|Structure |concrete mixer, vibrator, electric saw etc |70 |55 |
|Fitting |Crane, lifter etc |65 |55 |
Table 11: Emission standard for industrial enterprise noise at boundary Leq:dB
|Classification |Day |Night |Application scope of this project |
|Level III in GB12348-2008 |65 |55 |Area around this project |
|standard | | | |
Mill-specific analysis on noise is presented in clean production nand impact analysis chapters in this report.
(4) The storage and disposal of industrial solid waste shall comply with “Standard for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes” (GB 18599-2001).
1.7.4 Other standards
(1) “Hygienic standards for the design of industrial enterprises” (TJ36-79)；
(2) “Occupational Exposure Limit for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace” (GBZ 2.1-2007);
(3) “Identification of major hazard installation for dangerous chemicals”
(GB18218-2009)；
(4) “Identification standards for hazardous waste-general specifications” (GB
5085.7-2007)。
1.8 Procedure of assessment work
Refer to figure 1 for the EIA procedure of this technology upgrade project.
Figure 1: Procedure of environmental impact assessment of this technology upgrade project
[pic]
2. Alternative plan and technology upgrade project analysis
2.1 Nature and name of project
Project name: Technology Upgrade Project of New Bleaching Technique and Energy-conservation and Emission-reduction of Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD
Construction site: in Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD at Yongning District, Nanning city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Project analysis: Technology Upgrade Project
Construction content: construct a new bleaching system with annual treatment capacity of 98 thousand tons bagasse pulp to replace the old No.1 and No.2 bleaching system and a auxiliary 8 t/d chlorine dioxide preparation section; construct an anaerobic wastewater treatment system with the capacity of 11000 m3/d to treat bagasse water. The bleaching system and anaerobic wastewater treatment system have been built in early 2011, and are being commissioned at the moment. The project will construct a deep waste water project with the capacity of 40000 m3/d.
Work system: the working days of the whole year is 340 days. The production workshop is three-shift system. The repair workshop and management department use normally daily work system.
Fixed number of staffs needed: the needed staffs shall be chosen from current staffs after the finish of this project, thus no staffs shall be added.
2.2 General situation before technology upgrade
2.2.1 General situation before technology upgrade
(1) Production technique of 98 thousand tons pulp
Pulp making production line shall be expanded on current production line of 68 thousand tons pulp, the production technique is as following:
a) Pulp making process
The washed gabasse from material preparation workshop is sent to cooking-ball for cooking trough belt conveyer and the cooked pulp material is sprayed to blow tank and then enter pulp washing section for washing. Coarse pulp from cooking section is washed counter-currently in drum type vacuum pulp washer (four-stage) and extracted black liquor, and the washed coarse pulp is sent to pressure knotter for knot removal and then to high concentration sand separator for sand removal, and then sent to the first stage pressure screen for screening. The good pulp from the first stage pressure screen is sent to vacuum pulp washer for further washing and concentration and stored temporarily in pulp tower after screening waiting for bleaching section. The tail pulp from the first stage pressure screen is sent to the second stage pressure screen for another screening. The good pulp from the second stage pressure screen is sent to the first stage pressure screen in order to reduce fiber loss, and tail pulp from the second stage pressure screen is sent to vibrating flat screen together with tailings from knotter for reuse. The pulp residues can be sold out or burned as fuel. The extracted black liquor is sent to alkali recovery and evaporation section after filtration of black liquor filter.
The concentrated pulp material from washing and screening section is diluted and then sent to pre-bleaching pulp adjustment pool to adjust concentration, and then sent to up-flow chlorination tower after mixture with chlorine in pulp-chlorine mixer. The chloridized pulp is sent to drum type vacuum pulp washer for washing, and the washed pulp enters double shaft mixer. Add NaOH at the spiral part of outlet of pulp washer and add H2O2 and steam at double shaft mixer. Mix well with soup and heat to reaction temperature. The mixed pulp is then sent to alkalization tower for alkalization treatment. Alkalized pulp after dilution is sent to vacuum pulp washer for washing, then the washed pulp with added bleaching liquor enters bleaching tower though double shaft mixer for bleaching. The bleached pulp after dilution is sent to vacuum pulp washer for washing, and then add H2O2 to washed pulp and enters H2O2bleaching tower through double shaft mixer for bleaching. Then the bleached pulp is stored in post-bleaching pulp storage tower after washing and concentration. The washing filtrate shall be reused counter-currently as much as possible to reduce water use amount. The post-bleaching pulp is sent to pulp storage tower with the concentration of 10%. The concentration of pulp is diluted to 3.5% and pumped to double-screen filter press to concentrate to 30% and sold out after drying.
Refer to figure 2 for Pulp making process of 98 thousand tons pulp making project.
b) Alkali recovery process
The evaporation of diluted black liquor uses countercurrent process: the diluted black liquor from pulp washing section (with 9% to 11% solid) is concentrated to 13% with thick black liquor. Firstly IV effect flashing and flow to V effect and pumped to V→IV→III→II→I effect evaporator to generated thick black liquor after countercurrent evaporation (with 46% to 50% solid) and then sent to combustion section.
The thick black liquor (with 46% to 50% solid) from evaporation section is sent to disk evaporator and heated and evaporated to 50% to 53% through direct contact with smoke, and then sent to alkali recovery furnace for combustion. The smelt generated from combustion flows to dissolving tank through chute. And the green liquor generated from dissolving the smelt with diluted black liquor from cauticization section is sent to cauticization section.
The water used in alkali furnace is mainly clean condensate water from the air heaters of evaporation section and this section. The insufficient part is supplemented by desalted water from heating and power station. The supply water is sent to alkali furnace for use after deoxygenization of de-aerator.
The amount of steam generated from alkali furnace is about 12t/h with the pressure of 2.5MPa and temperature of 400oC. The steam is sent to heating and power station for power generation. The smoke from alkali furnace after treatment of electrostatic precipitator is sent to heating and power station with draught fan and emitted through chimney of 100 m.
The green liquor from combustion section is sent to green liquor clarifier through gutter. The clarified green liquor is sent to lime slaker with smashed lime. The green mud is washed, dehydrated in pre-coat filter and then sent outside the factory with the residues from digestion for landfill. The digestive emulsion is sent to continuous caustizier for cauticization and then pumped to the first stage pressure filter. The thick white liquor is sent to white liquor storage tank and pumped to cooking section in pulp making workshop. The white mud is diluted in white mud dilution tank and then pumped to the second pressure filter. The clarified dilute white liquor is sent to white liquor tank and then to dissolving tank in combustion section. The white mud is pumped to vacuum residue washer through white mud storage tank and was concentrated to 65% in white mud filter. The filtered and concentrated white mud can be sent to concrete factory as raw material.
Refer to figure 3 for Alkali recovery process.
Figure 2: Diagram of pulp making process of 98 thousand tons pulp project
Figure 3: Diagram of Alkali recovery process of 98 thousand tons pulp project
Table 11: Consumption amount of major raw materials of 98 thousand tons pulp project (per ton of product)
|No. |Name |unit |amount |note |
|1 |Pulp making workshop |
|1.1 |Gabasse | t/t bleached pulp |4.0 | |
|1.2 |Water | m3/t bleached pulp |80 | |
|1.3 |Steam | t/t bleached pulp |4.2 | |
|1.4 |Power | kWh/t bleached pulp |350 | |
|1.5 |Liquid chlorine | kg/t bleached pulp |40 | |
|1.6 |Caustic alkali | kg/t bleached pulp |79 |Alkali from recycling workshop has been |
| | | | |deducted |
|1.7 |Lime | kg/t bleached pulp |15 | |
|2 |Alkali recovery workshop |
|2.1 |Diesel |kg/t bleached pulp |0.5 | |
|2.2 |Lime |t/t bleached pulp |0.218 |85%CaO |
|2.3 |Water |m3/t bleached pulp |0.31 | |
|2.4 |Power |kWh/t bleached pulp |92.8 | |
|2.5 |Steam |t/t bleached pulp |3 | |
(2) Former gabasse pulp bleaching production line
Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD owns two production line of bleached gabasse pulp witt the daily treatment amount is 288t. And traditional CEH three-stage bleaching technique is used.
Figure 4: Diagram of bleaching process of production line No. 1
lime milk from cauticization section lime milk storage bank
Cl2 liquid chlorine gasficatoin tank chlorine and water mixe bleaching liquid absorption tank
waste water treatment station bleacheing liquidresidue storage tank bleaching liquid clarifing tank clean water
bleaching liquid storage tank washing liquid storage tank
washing liquid storage tank static pul pand chlorine mixer chlorination tower vaccum pulp washer
alkali from outside cooking alkali liquor medium tank Alkali liquor positioner steam
bleaching liqor storage tank in pulp making workshop bleaching liqor medium tan bleaching liqor positioner double shaft mixer
steam
bleacking tower double shaft mixer vaccum pulp washer alkali towner
vaccume pulp washer or side pressure compresser post bleach tower filter
Process of1# production line
Menghenganxing
(3) Former waste water treatment station
The waste water generate in this enterprise is maily spray water of gabasse, washing water, medium waste water of pulp making, cooling water in alcohol workshop. Refer to figure 6 for the treatment technique of former waste water treatment station. Spray water of gabasse, washing water, cooling water in alcohol workshop and medium waste water of pulp making enters biochemical line No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 after oblique smesh sedimentation pool, physichemical adjustment pool and TDAF for biochemical aeration treatment and emitted after the second secondary sedimentation pool.
Table 12: General situations of each biochemical line
|Project |Designed water |Designed water in |Designed water out |Fans |
| |volume m3/d |mg/l |mg/l | |
|biochemical line |15000 |1200 |400 |Four set fans w ith three set of 84.5m3/min3 and one set |
|No. 1 | | | |of 85.6m3/min |
| |Volume of quality |Volume of |Volume of aeration |Volume of secondary |Volume of Volume |Note |
| |adjustment pool m3 |preliminatry |pool m3 |sedimentation pool |of post aeration | |
| | |aeration pool m3 | |m3 |poolm3 | |
| |45×10×6.4 |60×10×6.4 |70×60×6.4 |60×15×6.4 |60×15×6.4 |Water depth 5m |
|biochemical line |5000 |1200 |400 |71.8m3/min one suite |
|No. 2 | | | | |
| |Volume of |Volume of aeration |Volume of secondary | | |Water depth of |
| |Regeneration pool |pool m3 |sedimentation pool | | |Regeneration pool |
| | | |m3 | | |4.5m |
| |36×15×5 |36×18×5 |2000 diameter 25 | | |Water depth 4m |
|biochemical line |15000 |1200 |400 |75.7m3/min four suites |
|No. 3 | | | | |
| |Volume of quality |Volume of aeration |Volume of secondary | | | |
| |adjustment pool m3 |pool m3 |sedimentation pool | | | |
| | | |m3 | | | |
| |2000 |70×42.6×6.5 |3500diameter 30m | | |Water depth 5.5m |
(4) Current public project
(a) Heat supply
The steam supply plan is: two 25t/h gabass pulverized coal fired furnaces, one is in use and the other is for backup. Two alkali furnaces (100t/h and160t/h) can supply 20t/h together (the 160 t/d alkali furnace is running without full load and will be run in full load after technolog upgrade which will increase steam supply from 8t/h to 12 t/h). There will be another 160 t/d alkali furnace which can supply steam of 12 t/h and the 75t/h coal fired furnace can supply steam of 76 t/h. in summary the stam supply can reach 1333 t/h.
(b) Power supply
Pumiao Papermaking Factory owns a heating and power station with three 1500 kW back pressure turbines, a 3000 kW exaction condensing turbine power generating set, and a 6000 kW exaction condensing turbine power generating set with the full load generating capacity of 13500kWh.
(c) Water supply and drainage
Pumiao Papermaking Factory has two water supply systems: Bachi River and Yongjiang River. Now the daily water supply of Bachi River is 16800m3and that of Yongjiang River is 28800m3. In addition, Nahe water getting pump station set up in March 2001 on Yongjiang River water supply system has reserved the capacity of 14400m3 daily water supply, which enable the total daily water supply of Pumiao Papermaking Factory reach 60000m3.
According to the water utility material provided by the enterprise, the daily water utility amount of Pumiao Papermaking Factory is 331108m3 (including Process water and domestic water,not including Water usage of Mei Heng An Xing Co,Ltd.and Jin Lang Pulp Co,Ltd.), thus the water supply can be guranteed.
The project area conducts separation of rain and waste water . The rain is collected and flowes into Bachi River through Pangugou and eventurally enters Yongjiang River. The waste water emitted tom waste water treatment station directly enters Yongjiang River through waste water pipeline.
2.2.2 Examination and approval situation of current project on environmental protection
According to the materials provided by the project owner, the “environmental impact statement of technology upgrade project on expanding annual production capacity from 68 thousand tons to 98 thousand tons of Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD” is submitted to Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau in 2008 and gained the approval from Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau with the examination and approval opinions (Gui Huan Guan Zi [2008] No. 268, refer to annex 3). Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD entrusted Guangxi Environmental monitoring center to conduct environmental protection and acceptance monitoring work in October 2009 and prepare the “Report on environmental protection and acceptance monitoring of technology upgrade project on expanding annual production capacity from 68 thousand tons to 98 thousand tons of Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD” (Gui Huan Jian (Yan) Zi [2009] No. 75) in October 2009. In January 2010, Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau issued “Reply on the application report on environmental protection and acceptance monitoring of technology upgrade project on expanding annual production capacity from 68 thousand tons to 98 thousand tons of Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD” .
2.2.3 Current major environmental issues
2.2.3.1 Waste water
The emitted waste water amount of this 98 thousand tons pulp project is 27210m3/d (excluded Meihenganxing), which are mainly spray water of gabasse from raw material yard, gabasse washing water from washing section, backwashing water from pulp making workshop, alkali recovery workshop and household waste water. The amount of high-polluted spray water of gabasse and gabasse washing water can reach 8400m3/d. refer to table 13 for the production and household waste water of Pumiao Papermaking Factory before technology upgrade.
Table 13: Production and household waste water emission amount of 98 thousand tons pulp project unit: m3/d
|Unit |Emission amount |Note |
|Purification station |300 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Matieral preparation section |8400 |Gabasse washing water and spray water enters waste water station after |
| | |anaerobic treatment |
|Pulp making workshop |15441 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Alkali recovery workshop |2800 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Household waste water (from workshop) |108 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Household waste water (from livng |161 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|area) | | |
|Total |27210 |/ |
Refer to figure 5 for water supply and drainage of Pumiao Papermaking Factory before technology upgrade.
Figure 5: Water supply and drainage of 98 thousand tons pulp project
Figure 6: Flow chart of waste water treatment process before introduction of anaerobic wastewater pretreatment
The waste water is treated with floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment technique before construction of anaerobic pretreatment. Refer to figure 6 for the process.
Biochemical pool No.1 secondary sedimentation pool
Biochemical pool No.2 secondary sedimentation pool general outlet online moniroting point water emission pool Yongjiang River
Biochemical pool No.3 secondary sedimentation pool
Biochemical pool No.4 secondary sedimentation pool
TDAF physichemical adjustment pool oblique smesh sedimentation pool medium waste water in pulp making
Cooling water in alcohol workshop Gabasse spraying and washing water
1#water taking in process of Biochemical pool : Biochemical lifting pool quality adjustment pool preliminary aeration pool secondary aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool post aeration pool general outlet
2# water taking in process of Biochemical pool : Regeneration pool Biochemical lifting pool aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool general outlet
3# water taking in process of Biochemical pool ：Biochemical lifting pool quality adjustment pool aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool general outlet
4# water taking in process of Biochemical pool : aeration in rectangular pool aeration in round pool secondary sedimentation pool general outlet
Figure 7: Flow chart of waste water treatment process after introduction of anaerobic wastewater pretreatment
According to the materials provided by the project owner, this project constructed anaerobic treatment system in 2009 to treat waste water with anaerobic biochemical treatment + floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment technique. Refer to figure 2.2-6 for the process.
Gabasse spray and washing water anaerobic system Biochemical pool No.4 secondary sedimentation pool general outlet online monitoring point water emission pool Yongjiang River
Biochemical pool No.1 secondary sedimentation pool
Biochemical pool No.2 secondary sedimentation pool
Biochemical pool No.3 secondary sedimentation pool
TDAF physichemical adjustment pool oblique smesh sedimentation pool medium waste water in pulp making
chilled water in alcohol workshop
monitoring point
1# water taking in process of Biochemical pool ：Biochemical lifting pool quality adjustment pool preliminary aeration pool secondary aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool post aeration pool general outlet
2# water taking in process of Biochemical pool ：Regeneration pool Biochemical lifting pool aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool general outlet
3# water taking in process of Biochemical pool ：Biochemical lifting pool quality adjustment pool aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool general outlet
4# water taking in process of Biochemical pool：water from anaerobic treatment aeration in rectangular pool aeration in round pool secondary sedimentation pool general outlet
According to the monitoring of Nanning environmental protection monitoring station from July 19th to 20th 2007 at the former waste water treatment station, refer to table 14 for the monitoring results.
Table 14: Situation of water quality at waste water treatment system
|monitoring point |Monitoring item |pH value |COD |BOD5 mg/L |SS mg/L |
| | | |mg/L | | |
|waste water inlet No. 1|Scope |5.66~6.86 |762~1420 |458~650 |378~1440 |
| |Mean |6.45 |1091 |543 |586 |
|waste water inlet No. 2|Scope |7.94~7.98 |172~230 |40~76 |48~56 |
| |Mean |7.96 |204 |57 |51 |
|Emission standard table 1 in GB3544-2001 |6~9 |450 |100 |100 |
|Emission standard table 1 in GB3544-2001 |6~9 |200 |50 |70 |
Note: the waste water is not treated by anaerobic treatment when monitoring.
It can be seen from table 14 that, through floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment treatment, all monitoring factors in waste water after treatment meet the requirements in table 1 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for paper making industry” (GB3544-2001) and pH value and SS meet the requirements for water pollutants for current enterprise in table 1 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008). But COD and BOD5 can not meet the requirements for water pollutants for current enterprise in table 1 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008).
In order to enable waste water from the factory meet the requirements for water pollutants for current enterprise in table 1 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008), Pumiao Papermaking Factory constructed anaerobic wastewater pretreatment system in 2009. According to the monitoring of Nanning environmental protection monitoring station on July 29th 2010 at the former waste water treatment station, refer to table 15 for the monitoring results.
Table 15: Situation of water quality of waste water treatment system
|monitoring poin |Monitoring item |pH value |COD |BOD5 mg/L |SS mg/L |Color |Ammonia nitrogen|Total nitrogen |
| | | |mg/L | | |degree | |mg/L |
|waste water inlet No. 3 |Scope |/ |1780~5880 |/ |/ |/ |8.26~136 |
Note: the waste water is not treated deeply when monitoring.
After the introduction of anaerobic wastewater treatment, waste water is emitted after anaerobic biochemical treatment + floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment. It can be seen from table 15 that all monitoring factors including COD, BOD5 , SS and color degree in waste water after treatment meet the requirements for water pollutants for current enterprise in table 1 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008). Refer to table 16 for pollutants emission situation. The waste water is emitted to Yongjiang River through the pipeline of 3000 m.
Table 16: Total amount of emitted waste water before this technology upgrade
|Item |amount of emitted |COD |BOD5 |SS |Ammonia |Total nitrogen |
| |waste water | | | |nitrogen | |
|Emission concentration mg/L |/ |143 |25.5 |58.25 |1.88 |8.51 |
|Amount of emission (t/a) |9251400 |1322.95 |235.91 |538.89 |17.39 |78.73 |
Note: the value in above table is calculated with the mean concentration at outlet of waste water treatment station in table 15.
2.2.3.2 Waste gas
Before this technology upgrade, waste gases of this project are mainly smoke from furnace, alcohol waste liquor furnace, compound fertilizer drying furnace and alkali recovery spray furnace and odorous gas generated from each section.
1) Combustion gas
The factory has a 75 t/h coal fired furnace (1#), two 25 t/h pulverized coal fired furnaces (2# and 3#with one in use and the other for backup), a 100t/d (4#) alkali furnace and two 160 t/d alkali furnace (5# and 6#), a compound fertilizer drying furnace (7#) and aalcohol waste liquor furnace (8#). The steam quantity of alkali furnace 4#, 5# and 6# was 8, 12 and 12t/h, respectively. For waste liquor furnace 8# was 6t/h.
Refer to figure 18 for furnace treatment facility and sample collecting points.
Figure 8: Diagrams of sample collecting points for waste gas monitoring
1#75 t/h furnace smoke cyclone separator + complex Venturi+ rotational flow alkali water desulfurization and dedust to air
2#25 t/h furnace smoke water film precipitator in complex Venturi tower to air
3#25 t/h furnace smoke water film precipitator in complex Venturi tower to air
4#100 t/d alkali furnace smoke electrostatic precipitator to air
5#160 t/d alkali furnace smoke electrostatic precipitator to air
6#New 160 t/d alkali furnace smoke electrostatic precipitator to air
7#Compound fertilizer drying furnace smoke cyclone separator + Venturi precipitator to air
8#alcohol waste liquor furnace smoke electrostatic precipitator + water film desulfurization precipitator in complex Venturi tower to air
The results of quarterly supervision monitoring conducted by Naning Environmental Monitoring Station to Pumiao Paper Mill during 2010-2011 are presented in Table 2.2-7(for alkali recovery furnace) and 2.2-8 ( for boilers). The monitored parameters include dust, SO2, NOx, darkness and flow rate.
Table 2.2-7 Alkali Recovery Furnace Monitoring Results
|Source | |Flue Gas Dust |SO2 |NOx |
| | |(PM) | | |
| |Unit |Value |Conversion |Value |
| | | |Total | |
| |Unit |Value |Conversion |Value |
| | | |Total | |
| | |浓度mg/Nm3 |总量t/a |浓度mg/Nm3 |总量t/a |浓度mg/Nm3 |总量t/a |
|75t/h boiler(1#) |65208.60 |107.00 |76.41 |447.00 |276.15 |871.00 |561.35 |
|25t/h boiler(2#) |36720.00 |193.00 |69.62 |166.00 |60.70 |570.00 |199.98 |
|100t/d alkali recovery furnace(4#) |22487.00 |131.00 |33.00 |98.00 |12.00 |163.00 |46.00 |
|160t/d alkali recovery |24014.00 |63.00 |15.00 |84.00 |19.00 |175.00 |42.00 |
|furnace (5#) | | | | | | | |
|160t/d alkali recovery |16514.00 |38.00 |6.00 |76.00 |13.00 |144.00 |25.00 |
|furnace (6#) | | | | | | | |
|Total |164943.60 |/ |200.03 |/ |380.85 |/ |874.33 |
2) Odorous gas
The odorous gas generated are the odorous smell from waste water treatment station, gabasse storage yard, compound fertilizer workshop, cooking ball in pulping workshop, noncondensable gas from evaporation of black liquor and odorous smell from evaporation of disk evaporator in alkali recovery workshop as well as odorous smell from alcohol waste liquor combustion and motive power workshop.
As of blowing out of cooling ball, a large amount of odorous gas can be eliminated by cold condensate treatment of spray water. The alkali recovery furnace will burn condensed black liquid, resulting little odrous agents. A small amount of non-condensed odourous gas is incinerated in boilers.
Therefore, only compound fertilizer drying, gabasse storage yard, andalcohol waste liquor combustion generate large amount of odorous smell and imposed certain impact on ambient residential areas.
To mitigate the impact of odorous smell generated from compound fertilizer drying, the enterprise improved its compound fertilizer drying system, changed former drying inflator to a new one with larger diameter, reduced drying temperature, thus the odorous smell is largely reduced during drying process. Meanwhile, Venturi water film precipitate system is used to treat waste gas generated from compound fertilizer production, which also largely reduced the impact of waste gas emission. Current the odorous smell generated from compound fertilizer production has been largely reduced.
The odorous smell generated from gabasse storage yard is because the fermentation of gabasse for untimely emission of gabasse spray water. To mitigate the impact of odorous smell generated from gabasse storage yard, the enterprise invested in construction of waster drainage system at gabasse storage yard to discharge gabasse spray water in time, thus to reduced the impact of odorous smell generated from gabasse storage yard
2.2.3.3Waste residue
The waste residues are mainly ash from furnace, white mud, gabasse fiber, pulp residue and sludge generated from pulp making. Refer to table20 for the waste residue treatment measures and emission situation. These wastes and residuals are non-hazardous. See Table 20 for details.
Table 20: Waste residue treatment measures and emission situation before technology upgrade
|Name of residue |Generation source |Generation amount |Attributes |treatment measures |
| | |(t/a) | | |
|Ash |Coal-fired furnace at |60000 |Normal Non-hazardous |To Bali cement factory to produce |
| |heating and power | |Solid Waste |cement and brick |
| |station | | | |
|Gabasse fiber |material preparation |30000(absolutely dry) |Normal Non-hazardous |To furnace room for conbustion |
| |section | |Solid Waste | |
|White mud |alkali recovery workshop|33000(absolutely dry) |Normal Non-hazardous |To Bali cement factory as raw |
| | | |Solid Waste |material |
|Pulp residue |pulp smelt workshop |3000(absolutely dry) |Normal Non-hazardous |As raw material of corrugated paper |
| | | |Solid Waste | |
|sludge |waste water treatment |2970(absolutely dry) |Normal Non-hazardous |Used to produce compound fertilizer |
| |station | |Solid Waste |and the left part is sent to local |
| | | | |farmers for fertilizer |
|Total | |128970 | | |
2.2.3.4 Noise
The noise mainly from the mechanical equipment noise and steam discharge noise in material preparation, cooking, washing, screening and bleaching, motive power workshops with the sound level between 86dB(A)～110dB(A). The noise reduction measures taken include: installing silencer at inlet of fans and steam discharge pipe of fire light, setting sound insulation control room in workshop with high noise and setting green belt around workshops and the factory.
According to the monitoring results of Nanning environment protection monitoring station from September 17th to 18th 2009 on boundary noise (refer to annex 5), the noise level at day and night and each monitoring points at every side of the factory boundary all meet the requirements for level III in "Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary" (GB12348-2008).
2.2.3.5 Problems in pollution treatment before technology upgrade
(1) the high concentration organic waste water such as gabasse washing water and spray water is high in pollution load and large in fluctuation. The direct emission of the water into waste water treatment station will damage the biochemical treatment results.
(2) All monitoring points in waste water after anaerobic biochemical treatment + floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment meet the requirements for water pollutants for current enterprise in table 1 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008). But after July 1st 2011, current pulp and paper making enterprise shall implement the requirements for new enterprises in table 2 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008). Based on above analysis, COD, BOD5, SS and color degree in waste water after anaerobic biochemical treatment + floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment cannot meet the requirements for new enterprises in table 2 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008) before technology upgrade.
(3) Pumiao Papermaking Factory uses chlorine as bleaching agent which result in considerable water consumption and water pollutants. In addition, it produces dioxins and AOX that can not meet the more stringent requirements on cleaner production.
2.2.4 Technology upgrade project
This technology upgrade project includes constructing a new bleaching system with annual treatment capacity of 98 thousand tons gabasse pulp using new ECF bleaching process to replace old No. 1 and No.2 CEH bleaching process which will reduce the generation of dioxin and AOX, and constructing a auxiliary 8 t/d chlorine dioxide preparation section; constructing an anaerobic wastewater treatment system with the capacity of 11000 m3/d to treat bagasse water; and acquisition new land outside the south of factory to construct a deep waste water project with the capacity of 40000 m3/d.
Table21: List of main equipments for technique upgrade of bleaching system
|No. |Name of item |Specifications |Unit |Number |Material |Note |
|1 |Screening vacuum pulp washer |Filtration area is 100m2 |Set |1 |Carbon steel |New |
|2 |Medium concentration pulp pump |400admt/d, range of lift: 100m |Set |2 |316 stainless steel |New |
|3 |D0 tower |φ3.6m、h=24m, V effect =200m3 |Set |1 |Carbon steel and glass|New |
| | | | | |steel | |
|4 |Ep tower |φ5.6m、h=11m, V effect =260m3 |Set |1 |Carbon steel and glass|New |
| | | | | |steel | |
|5 |D1 tower |φ4m、h=37m, V effect =420m3 |Set |1 |Carbon steel and glass|New |
| | | | | |steel | |
|6 |Chlorine dioxide mixer |Production capacity is 400admt/d |Piece |2 |Titanium at internal |New |
| | | | | |part | |
|No. |Name of item |Specifications |Unit |Number |Material |Note |
|7 |D0vaccum pulp washer |Filtration area is 80m2 |Set |1 |2205 double steel |New |
|8 |Ep vacuum pulp washer |Filtration area is 80m2 |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
|9 |D1vaccum pulp washer |Filtration area is 80m2 |Set |1 |2205 double steel |New |
|10 |To spiral conveyer at Ep section |/ |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
|11 |To double shaft mixer at Ep |/ |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |section | | | | | |
|12 |To pulp pump through pulp washer |Q=900m3/h,H=28m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |at Ep section | | | | | |
|13 |1#Pulp delivery pump |Q=300m3/h,H=30m |Set |1 |/ |New |
|14 |2# delivery pump |Q=210m3/h,H=30m |Set |1 |/ |New |
|15 |Pulp washer filter pump |Q=12000m3/h,H=40m |Set |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
|16 |Pulp washer |Q=90m3/h,H=90m |Set |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
|17 |1#White water dilution pump of |Q=300m3/h,H=40m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |Pulp washer at D0 section | | | | | |
|18 |2# water dilution pump of Pulp |Q=300m3/h,H=40m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |washer at D0 section | | | | | |
|19 |wite washing white water pump at |Q=90m3/h,H=90m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |D0 section | | | | | |
|20 |White water dilution pump of Pulp|Q=550m3/h,H=40m |Set |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
| |washer at Ep section | | | | | |
|21 |Pulp washer wite washing white |Q=90m3/h,H=90m |Set |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
| |water pump at Ep section | | | | | |
|22 |Pulp washer White water dilution |Q=300m3/h,H=40m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |pump at D1 section No.1 | | | | | |
|23 |Pulp washer White water dilution |Q=250m3/h,H=40m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |pump at D1 section No.2 | | | | | |
|24 |Pulp washer wite washing white |Q=90m3/h,H=90m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |water pump at D1 section | | | | | |
|25 |Pulp washer water sealed tank at|φ5000×4500m |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |D0 section | | | | | |
|26 |Pulp washer water sealed tank at|φ5000×4500m |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |Ep section | | | | | |
|27 |Pulp washer water sealed tank at|φ5000×4500m |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |D1 section | | | | | |
|28 |Sodium sulfate dissolving tank |φ2000×1800m |Piece |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
|29 |Sodium sulfate storage tank |φ2500×3200m |Piece |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
|30 |Sodium sulfate material storage |Centrifugal pump，Q=500I/min，H=10m |Set |1 |304 stainless steel |New |
| |and downloading pump | | | | | |
|31 |Sodium sulfate material supply |Measuring pump, Q=20I/min，H=30m |Set |2 |304 stainless steel |New |
| |pump | | | | | |
|32 |Hydrogen peroxide storage tank |50m3，φ4000×4000m |Piece |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
|33 |Hydrogen peroxide material |Measuring pump, Q=10I/min，H=30m |Set |1 |316 stainless steel |New |
| |supply pump | | | | | |
|34 |Caustic alkali storage tank |50m3，φ4000×4000m |Piece |2 |Carbon steel |New |
|35 |Caustic alkali material supply |Measuring pump, Q=25I/min，H=30m |Set |2 |304 stainless steel |New |
| |pump | | | | | |
|36 |Sealed water pump |Q=50I/min，H=60m |Set |1 |/ |New |
|37 |Stirrer |Diameter of impeller1000mm |Set |1 |/ |New |
|38 |Pulp washer centrifugal fan |/ |Set |3 |FRP |New |
|39 |Crane |20 tons |Set |1 |/ |New |
Table 22: List of main equipments for Chlorine dioxide preparation system
|No. |Name of item |Specifications |Unit |Number |Material |Note |
|1 |Tail gas fan |Specifications: 0.6×0.9×3.0m |Piece |2 |FRP |New |
| | |Amount of exhaust air: Q=2570m3/h, | | | | |
| | |pressure of exhaust air: 395mmH2O, | | | | |
| | |power of motor: 7.5kw | | | | |
|2 |Re-boiler |Shell body: Φ607, heat exchange area: |Piece |1 |Shell: CS |New |
| | |48m2 | | |pipe: TA1 | |
| | |tubes: Φ38×4877mm，, thickness of tube | | | | |
| | |wall: 1.5mm | | | | |
| | |Number: 85pieces | | | | |
|3 |Inter-stage cooler |Shell body: Φ530, heat exchange area: |Piece |1 |Shell: CS |New |
| | |78.3m2 | | |pipe: TA1 | |
| | |tubes: Φ19×3658mm | | | | |
| | |Number: 375pieces | | | | |
|4 |Surface condenser |Shell body: Φ300×5007mm heat exchange |Piece |1 |Shell: CS |New |
| | |area: 18.97m2，tubes: Φ19×3654mm | | |pipe: TA1 | |
| | |Number: 87pieces | | | | |
|5 |vacuum ejector of generator |Q=79.8Kg/h(absolutely dry air)， |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
|6 |vacuum ejector of filter |Q=337Kg/h(absolutely dry air) |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
|7 |NaClO3 material supply filter |Specifications: Φ150×1148mm Q=1.3L/s |Piece |2 |Tube body: CPVC/FRP |New |
| | |Operation pressure: 634kpa | | |filter element: | |
| | |filtration pore: 10μm | | |polypropylene | |
| | |Operation temperature: 49-60℃, using | | | | |
| | |two level filtration | | | | |
|8 |Methyl alcohol filter |Specifications: ф90×350mm |Piece |2 |Tube body: 316SS |New |
| | |Q=0.63L/s， | | |filter element: | |
| | |filtration pore: 10μm | | |polypropylene | |
|9 |Sulfuric acid filter |Specifications: Φ150×1148mm Q=0.63L/s |Piece |2 |Tube body: Carbon steel |New |
| | |Operation pressure: | | |filter element: | |
| | |maximum634kpa，filtration pore: 10μm | | |polypropylene | |
|10 |Hot water filter |Q=1.3L/s filtration pore: 20μm |Piece |2 |Tube body: 316SS |New |
| | |Operation temperature: 60℃ Operation | | |filter element: | |
| | |pressure: 0.4MPa | | |polypropylene | |
|11 |Sealed water filter |Q=0.63L/s filtration pore: 20μm |Piece |2 |Tube body: 316SS |New |
| | |Operation temperature: 60℃ | | |filter element: | |
| | |Operation pressure: 0.4MPa | | |polypropylene | |
|12 |Chilled water filter |Q=30m3/h filtration pore: 20μm |Piece |2 |Tube body: 316SS |New |
| | | | | |filter element: | |
| | | | | |polypropylene | |
|13 |Sodium sulfate filter |Q=563kg/h range of filtration: 202.3mm|Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| | |filter drum: Ф1220mm， motor power: | | | | |
| | |0.75kw，speed regulation by frequency | | | | |
| | |variation | | | | |
|14 |Swirler |Specifications: Ф100×450mm |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
|15 |Generator |Diameter: 1524mm high: 6632mm wall |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| | |thickness: 4.7mm | | | | |
|16 |Circulation pipe of generator |wall thickness: 8mm upper segment: |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| | |Ф500mm lower segment:Ф400mm | | | | |
|17 |Exhaust pipe of generator |Generator to Inter-stage cooler: Ф450mm|Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| | |Inter-stage cooler to absorption tower:| | | | |
| | |Ф200mm | | | | |
|18 |ClO2absorption tower |Diameter of main body: |Piece |1 |Tower body: FRP |New |
| | |Ф762mm，thickness of erosion resistance| | |Filler: acid-resistant | |
| | |coating: 3mm，using 470 | | |ceramics（imported | |
| | |resin，thickness of | | |product） | |
| | |seepage-proofing:2mm，using 470 | | | | |
| | |resin；height of filler: 9150mm with| | | | |
| | |a vertical tower of saddle-shaped | | | | |
| | |filling | | | | |
|19 |Tail gas washing tower |Diameter of main body: Ф762mm，total |Piece |1 |Tower body: FRP |New |
| | |height: 8000mm；thickness of erosion | | |Filler: ceramics | |
| | |resistance coating:3mm，using 470 | | | | |
| | |resin，thickness of seepage-proofing: | | | | |
| | |2mm，using 470 resin；height of filler:| | | | |
| | |6100mm | | | | |
|20 |Supporting board of washing | |Piece |2 |TA1 |New |
| |tower | | | | | |
|21 |Sodium chlorate dissolving |Volume: 28m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |tank |Ф3050×4400mm | | | | |
|22 |Turbine Stirrer of Sodium |Specifications: 800×2200 mm, Power5.5 |Piece |1 |Fluorine alloy |New |
| |chlorate dissolving tank |kw rotate speed: 86 r.p.m | | | | |
|23 |Sodium chlorate storage tank |Volume: 60m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| | |Ф3960×5500mm | | | | |
|24 |Steam heater of Sodium |F=1m2 |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| |chlorate storage tank | | | | | |
|25 |Methyl alcohol storage |Specifications: Ф3000×4500 Volume: |Piece |1 |CS |New |
| |tank（with breather valve, |32m3 breather valve| | | | |
| |fire barrier） |Specifications: HXF-2000 DN50 | | | | |
| | |fire barrier Specifications: ZGB-2000 | | | | |
| | |DN50 | | | | |
|26 |Sulfuric acid storage tank |Volume: 70 m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |CS |New |
| | |Ф3960×6100mm | | | | |
|27 |Emergency water tank |Volume: 0.285m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| | |Ф1100×1500mm | | | | |
|28 |Emergency evacuation tank of |Operation capacity: 10m3 |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |generator |Specifications: 2100×2900mm | | | | |
|29 |Steam heater of emergency |F=1m2 |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| |evacuation tank | | | | | |
|30 |sealing tank of absorption |Specifications: Ф910×1220mm,0.8m3。 |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |tower | | | | | |
|31 |Condensate water storage tank |Volume: 0.5 m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |CS |New |
| | |Ф760×1200mm | | | | |
|32 |ClO2 solution storage tank |Volume: 162m3 Specifications: |Piece |2 |FRP |New |
| | |Ф4100×13100mm； both erosion resistance| | | | |
| | |coating: and seepage-proofing using 470| | | | |
| | |resin，thickness of erosion resistance | | | | |
| | |coating:3mm and thickness of | | | | |
| | |seepage-proofing: 2mm。 | | | | |
|33 |Mother liquor separation tank |Specifications: Ф300×600mm, volume: |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
| | |0.0435 m3。 | | | | |
|34 |Compressed air tank |Volume: 4m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |CS |New |
| | |Ф800×8000mm | | | | |
|35 |Chilled water storage tank |Volume: 8.7m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| | |Ф2300×3300mm | | | | |
|36 |Hot water tank |Volume: 12m3 Specifications: |Piece |1 |CS |New |
| | |Ф2400×2650mm | | | | |
|37 |Sample collecting box |Specifications: Ф300×1524mm |Piece |1 |TA1 |New |
|38 |Steam/water mixer of Sodium |Treatment capacity: 120 m3/h Water |Piece |1 |304ss |New |
| |chlorate dissolving tank |temperature: heated from 30℃ to 75℃ | | | | |
|39 |Steam/water mixer of Hot |Treatment capacity: 30m3/h Water |Piece |1 |304ss |New |
| |water tank |temperature: heated from 30℃ to 60℃ | | | | |
|40 |Single beam Crane |Specifications: 2ton |Set |1 |Assembly |New |
|41 |Cooling tower |Treatment capacity: 250m2/h，non-filler|Set |2 |FRP |New |
| | |type, motor power 7.5kw | | | | |
|42 |Chilled water set |Model: DLSBLG1260D |Set |3 |Assembly |New |
|43 |De-superheater |Steam treatment capacity: 2.7t/h |Piece |1 |304ss |New |
|44 |Sodium sulfate delivery slope |Specifications: 1000×1000×400mm |Piece |1 |FRP |New |
| |tank | | | | | |
|45 |Air compressor (with pose |treatment capacity::1m3/min，7kw |Set |1 |CS |New |
| |treatment system) | | | | | |
|46 |Emergency motor |10kw，diesel motor |Set |1 | |New |
|47 |sealing tank of Gas washing |Ф610×1141mm ，volume: 0.36 m3 | |1 |FRP |New |
| |tower | | | | | |
|48 |Sodium chlorate material |CZx80-200 |Set |1 |20# alloy |New |
| |downloading pump | | | | | |
|49 |chlorate material supply pump|CZx25-250 |Set |2 |20# alloy |New |
|50 |Sulfuric acid material |CZx65-200 |Set |1 |20# alloy |New |
| |downloading pump | | | | | |
|51 |Sulfuric acid material supply|CZx25-315 |Set |2 |20# alloy |New |
| |pump | | | | | |
|52 |ClO2 solution delivery pump |TZA50-315 |Set |2 |Titanium |New |
|53 |Chilled water 泵 |CZx80-200 |Set |2 |316SS |New |
|54 |Condensate water recycling |CZx25-250 |Set |2 |CS |New |
| |pump | | | | | |
|55 |filter material filling |TIH40-32-160 |Set |2 |Titanium |New |
| |pump（variable frequency） | | | | | |
|56 |Hot water pump |CZx40-200 |Set |2 |CS |New |
|57 |ClO2 solution transfer pump |TIH80-65-160 |Set |2 |Titanium |New |
|58 |Sealed water pressure pump |CZx25-160 |Set |2 |316SS |New |
|59 |Generator circulation |AF 10x10-10 |Set |1 |Titanium ASTMB367.Gr.C3 |New |
| |pump（axial-flow pump） | | | | | |
|60 |Methyl alcohol material supply|GJ-N25.PF2S.6 |Set |1 |316SS |New |
| |pump（variable frequency） | | | | | |
|61 |Methyl alcohol material |CZx50-160 |Set |1 |316SS |New |
| |downloading pump | | | | | |
|62 |cooling water pump |CZx150-315 |Set |2 |CS |New |
|63 |Inter-stage cooler、Surface |CZx100-200 |Set |2 |CS |New |
| |condenser cooling water pump | | | | | |
|64 |Cooling tower water inlet pump|CZx200-315 |Set |2 |CS |New |
|65 |Chilled water delivery pump |GD80-50 |Set |2 |304SS |New |
Table 23: List of main equipments for anaerobic treatment system
|No. |Name of structure and |Specifications |Name of equipment |Unit |Number |Note |
| |building | | | | | |
|1 |Grilling room |b=5mm,Q=1000m3 |/ |Piece |1 |Existing facilities|
|2 |Inclined wire |50mesh，L=12 |/ |Piece |4 |Existing facilities|
|3 |Sand settling pool |4×4×2.5m |/ |Piece |1 |New |
| |basin | | | | | |
|4 |Preliminary settling |φ26×4.0m |Sand scraper |Set |1 |New |
| |pool | | | | | |
| | | |Sludge pump |Set |2 | |
|5 |Adjustment |26×16×6.5m |Cooling tower |Set |2 |New |
| |pre-acidification pool | | | | | |
| | | | material supply pump |Set |3. | |
| | | |Stirrer |Set |2 | |
|6 |Lifting pump room |14×7×5m |Measuring circulation pump|Set |2 |New |
| | | | material supply pump |Set |2 | |
| | | |IC material supply pump |Set |2 | |
|7 |Anaerobic circulation |/ |IC anaerobic reactor |Set |1 |New |
| |system | | | | | |
| | | |Biogas pressure stabling |Set |1 | |
| | | |cabinet | | | |
| | | |Condensate water box |Set |1 | |
| | | |Biogas combustor |Set |1 | |
|8 |Anaerobic circulation |10.5×7×6.5 m |Stirrer |Set |1 |New |
| |pool | | | | | |
|9 |Anaerobic sludge pool |19×10.5×6.5 m |Anaerobic sludge pool |Piece |1 |New |
|10 |Settling pool |φ24×4.0m |Mud scraper |Set |1 |New |
| | | |Sludge pump |Set |2 | |
| | | |Water outlet pump |Set |2 | |
|11 |Soup adding room |13.2×9×8 m |Soup adding system |Set |1 |New |
|12 |Gas washing tower |φ24×9.5m | Fan |Set |1 |New |
A new deep treatment unit following the existing biochemical treatment system is presented in figure 14. The main contents include: structure needed for deep treatment unit, equipment installation and auxiliary power supply and distribution, pipeline system and instruments, etc. Refer to table 24 for the main structures of waste water deep treatment station.
Table 24: List of main structures of waste water deep treatment station
|No. |Name of item |Specifications |Unit |Number |Material |Retention period of |Effective volume |
| | | | | | |water(h) |(m3) |
|1 |Medium water pool |20m×10m×4.5m |piece |1 |reinforced |0.5 |800 |
| | | | | |concrete | | |
|2 |Neutralization and |20m×10m×4.5m |piece |1 |reinforced |0.5 |800 |
| |degassing pool | | | |concrete | | |
|3 |Coagulation reaction|10m×10m×4.5m |piece |1 |reinforced |0.25 |400 |
| |pool | | | |concrete | | |
|4 |Settling pool |Ф40m×3.5m |piece |2 |reinforced |4.5 |3768 |
| | | | | |concrete | | |
waste water treatment staion
Refer to table 25 for the main equipments of waste water deep treatment station.
Table 25: Main equipments of waste water deep treatment station
|No. |Name of item |Specifications or Model |Unit |Number |Material |Note |
|1 |Fenton oxidizing tower|Ф20m×13.5m |Suite |6 |Shell body: compound steel board, |/ |
| | | | | |lining: stainless steel 316L； | |
| | | | | |Internal device: water | |
| | | | | |distribution system: stainless | |
| | | | | |steel 316L；solid and liquid | |
| | | | | |separator: PP | |
|2 |Fenton oxidizing tower|Q=1700m3/hH=18m |Set |2 |Shell body: qualified cast iron； |1 in use and |
| |material supply pump | | | |Over-current device: stainless |1 for back up|
| | | | | |steel 304 | |
|3 |circulation pump |Q=290m3/h，H=20m |Set |24 |Shell body: stainless steel 316L；|12 in use and|
| | | | | |Over-current device: stainless |12 for back |
| | | | | |steel 316L |up |
|4 |Hydrogen peroxide |non-standard |Suite |1 |Storage tank: PE； |/ |
| |soup adding device | | | |Other liquor accepting device: | |
| | | | | |stainless steel 304 | |
|5 |Ferrous sulfate |non-standard |Suite |1 |Storage tank: glass steel； |/ |
| |adding device | | | |Other: liquor accepting device: | |
| | | | | |304 | |
|6 |Liquid alkali adding |non-standard |Suite |1 |Storage tank: PE； |/ |
| |device | | | |liquor accepting device: stainless| |
| | | | | |steel 304 | |
|7 |PAM soup adding device|non-standard |Suite |1 |Storage tank: Carbon steel to |/ |
| | | | | |resist erosion； | |
| | | | | |Other: liquor accepting device: | |
| | | | | |stainless steel 304 | |
|8 |Roots fan |Q=28m3/minP=4m water column |Set |2 |Equipment shell, wall board, side |1 in use and |
| | | | | |board, oil tank, rotor: high |1 for back up|
| | | | | |strength cast iron | |
|9 |Mud scrapper of |Whole bridge |Suite |2 |liquor accepting device: stainless|/ |
| |settling pool |conveying，Ф40，effective water | | |steel 304； | |
| | |depth: 3.0m | | |other: Carbon steel to resist | |
| | | | | |erosion | |
|10 |Sludge pump |Q=110m3/h，H=15m |Set |2 |Shell body: qualified cast iron； |/ |
| | | | | |Over-current device: stainless | |
| | | | | |steel 304 | |
|11 |Valve of pipeline |/ |Batch |1 |/ |/ |
|12 |Electrical instrument |/ |Batch |1 |/ |/ |
Table 26: List of main structures of expanded project
|No. |Name of structure |Construction area (m2) |Layer number |Type of structure |Note |
|1 |Chlorine dioxide preparation |3050 |4 |Framework structure |New |
|2 |New bleaching section |10700 |6 |Framework structure |New |
|3 |Adjustment pre-acidification pool |12.5×9×10.5m | | |New |
| |Lifting pump room |48 |Single |Framework structure |New |
| |Sludge drying room |4950 |5 |Framework structure |New |
| |Anaerobic circulation pool |5×5×10.5 m | | |New |
| |Anaerobic sludge pool |15×7×6 m | | |New |
| |Sodium chlorate yard |144 |1 |Framework structure |New |
| |Methyl alcohol yard |144 |1 |Framework structure |New |
2.2.5 Public works
(1) Water supply and drainage
Waste water treatment station
The project area conducts separation of rain and waste water . The rain is collected and flows into Bachi River through Pangugou and eventually enters Yongjiang River. The waste water emitted tom waste water treatment station directly enters Yongjiang River through waste water pipeline.
(2) Power supply
This project is located at waste water treatment station Pumiao Papermaking Factory where the power is introduced from factory power network to the general power cabinet of waste water treatment station. Lighting power is introduced from general power cabinet at the operation room to each lighting power box. The indoor lighting uses daylight lamp or filament lamp. Power distribution and automatic control system take measures of moister-proof, anti-creep and reliable grounding measure. All electrical equipment is equipped with short-circuit protection and over-current protection to ensure the safe operation of equipments. The current power supply capability is able to meeting the demand of this project for power.
3) Fire fighting
The distance between new buildings (structures) and roads arrangement implement the stipulations in “Code of design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention” and fire-fighting network and all fire-fighting equipments are equipped accordingly.
2.3 Engineering analysis
2.3.1 Process flow
2.3.1.1 Process of bleaching production line after technology upgrade
(1) Process of chlorine dioxide preparation after technology upgrade
The bleaching agent used in this section is chlorine dioxide, which is an oxidizing bleaching agent with strong selective delignification and widely in paper pulp bleaching. Chlorine dioxide bleaching can have high whiteness and obtaining rate and the bleached paper pulp will gain good physical strength. This project use R8 method to prepare chlorine dioxide with sodium chlorate, methyl alcohol and sulfuric acid as raw materials which can produce high purification chlorine dioxide. This chlorine dioxide preparation system is simple with small investment and no three wastes. Refer to figure 9 for Process flow of chlorine dioxide preparation.
Figure 9: Process flow of chlorine dioxide preparation
[pic]
Explanation of process flow: solid sodium chlorate stored in storage tank after stiring and dissolving is pumped to chlorine dioxide reactor. Methyl alcohol and sulfuric acid are transferred to the factory with tank track and downloaded to storage tank. They are pumped to chlorine dioxide reactor. Sodium chlorate and methyl alcohol under the situation of strong acid will react in reactor to generate chlorine dioxide gas which will become chlorine dioxide solution of 10g/I after absorbed by chilled water in absorption tower. Chlorine dioxide solution is stored in storage tank waiting for being sent to bleaching section. The side product of sodium sulfate is separated by crystallization and filtered in filter, and then sold out after stiring and dissolving.
Introduction of Chlorine dioxide preparation process after technology upgrade
The raw material of thick after filtration is pumped to Venturi pipe and pulverized there with hot water before added into generator system.
The raw material of NaClO3 crystalloid first is dissolved at dissolving tank and delivered to storage tank with material download pump after settling. And then NaClO3 is extracted from storage tank with material supply pump and enters generator from the lower segment after filtration. The NaClO3 then enters re-boiler under the effect of circulation pump and enters generator again. The generated ClO2 is discharged from generator, and reaction liquid and other side products are settled at the bottom of generator, becoming mother liquor of generator. The mother liquor is circulated between re-boiler and generator under the effect of circulation pump and mixed with newly-added NaClO3 solution, sulfuric acid and methyl alcohol to constantly generate gas of ClO2.
When ClO2 is generated constantly, side product sodium sulfate is also crystallized in generator. Part liquid in generator (with sodium sulfate crystalloid) is sent to sodium sulfate filter by material supply pump of sodium sulfate filter to filter sodium sulfate. The sodium sulfate is used for alkali recovery or sold out after stiring and dissolving with hot water. The mother liquor of generator is sent back to generator circulation system to continue reaction.
The generated ClO2 gas in generator is diluted by steam and becomes mixed gas with slight chlorine. The mixed gas goes out from the top of generator and enters inter-stage cooler for cooling and be absorbed by chilled water in absorption tower, thus the mixed gas becomes ClO2 water solution which is delivered to ClO2 water solution storage tank with transfer pump and sent to bleaching section for use with delivery pump.
The vacuum needed by generator system and sodium sulfate filter is generated by vacuum injector (device in Venturi) which extracted air with two medium pressure steams respectively.
The tail gas of the whole system enters gas washing tower and emitted to air after washing with chilled water. Washed dilute ClO2 solution enters absorption tower to continue to absorb ClO2 gas. The chilled water used for absorption and gas washing is generated in chilled set.
(2) Bleaching process after technology upgrade
Description of process flow: screened wash from production line No. 1 and No. 2 is sent to screen vacuum pulp washer of new production line for washing and concentration. Pulp (with the concentration of 10%) from pulp washer enters vertical pipe of medium concentration pump at D0 section through spiral material out. D0 section uses medium concentration up-flow bleaching. Add steam to medium concentration vertical pipe for heating. Send the medium concentration pulp with the bleaching temperature in medium concentration vertical pipe to chlorine dioxide medium concentration mixer to mix with chlorine dioxide added here and the mixture will then enters D0 tower. After certain retention period in D0 tower, the pulp will discharge from the pulp outlet at the top of D0 tower where the white water and sodium thiosulfate will dilute the pulp and remove residue chlorine in the pulp. D0 section uses medium concentration flow bleaching. Caustic alkali and hydrogen peroxide are added at the spiral material out and enter EP tower after mixing and heating in double shaft mixer. The pulp from EP pulp washer enters vertical pipe of medium concentration pump at D1 section through spiral conveyer. D1 section uses medium concentration up-flow bleaching. Add steam to medium concentration vertical pipe for heating. Send the medium concentration pulp with the bleaching temperature in medium concentration vertical pipe to chlorine dioxide medium concentration mixer to mix with chlorine dioxide added here and the mixture will then enters D1 tower. After certain retention period in D1 tower, the pulp will discharge from the pulp outlet at the top of D1 tower where the white water and sodium thiosulfate will dilute the pulp and remove residue chlorine in the pulp. The pulp from D1 tower enters new drum vacuum pulp washer of 80m2 .the washed pulp is pumped into bleached pulp storage tower with medium concentration pump. The pulp in bleached pulp storage tower after dilution with white water is pumped to double-screen filter for dehydration and wet pulp is sold out. This bleaching process will generate part waste water, which is treated in settling pool and sent back to bleaching workshop, thus no waste water is emitted out.
Refer to figure 10 for new bleaching process flow.
Figure 10: New bleaching process flow after technology upgrade
[pic]
Introduction of bleaching process after technology upgrade
The bleaching process uses D0-Ep-D1 ECF bleaching technique which replaces chlorine with Chlorine dioxide as bleaching agent. There is no detached element chlorine during bleaching process. This bleaching process includes following sub-processes.
D0 section: the unbleached pulp enters vertical pipe of medium concentration pulp pump after concentration in pulp washes. The pulp is sent by medium concentration pulp pump to steam heater from the bottom of veridical pipe. After heated to required temperature by medium concentration steam medium pressure steam in steam heater, the pulp will enter medium concentration mixer. Chlorine dioxide is added into pulp before entering medium concentration mixer. After leaving medium concentration mixer, pulp material enters D0 bleaching tower, which is an up-flow bleaching tower and where pulps leave the top of the tower through scrapper downloader and enters dilute chute. Pulp from D0 tower is diluted by the filter liquor in filter liquor tank of this section. And then pulp enters D0 section pulp washer through downloader chute under the effect of gravity. The washing solutions at the wash drum of D0 section pulp washer are filter liquors of EOP section and D1 section.
EOP section：pulp from D0 section pulp washer will enter vertical pipe of medium concentration pulp pump of EOP section. Alkali liquor and H2O2 are added to the pipe at certain speed. The pulp is sent by medium concentration pulp pump to steam heater. After heated to required temperature by medium concentration steam medium pressure steam in steam heater, the pulp will enter medium concentration mixer. After leaving medium concentration mixer, pulp material enters EOP pre-reaction tower and then downloaded to down-flow EOP alkalization tower. Pulp from EOP alkalization tower is diluted by the filter liquor in filter liquor tank of this section and sent to EOP pulp washer with pulp pump. The washing solutions at the wash drum of EOP section pulp washer are filter liquors of D1 section and hot water.
D1 section：pulp from EOP section pulp washer will enter vertical pipe of medium concentration pulp pump of D1 section. Alkali liquor is added to the pipe at certain speed. The pulp is sent by medium concentration pulp pump to steam heater. After heated to required temperature by medium concentration steam medium pressure steam in steam heater, the pulp will enter medium concentration mixer. Chlorine dioxide is added into pulp before entering medium concentration mixer. After leaving medium concentration mixer, pulp material enters D1 bleaching tower, which is an up-flow bleaching tower and where pulp leaves the top of the tower through scrapper downloader and enters dilute chute. Pulp from D1 tower is diluted by the filter liquor in filter liquor tank of this section. And then pulp enters D1 section pulp washer through downloader chute under the effect of gravity. The washing solution at the wash drum of D0 section pulp washer is white water of rotating drum pulp machine.
The filter liquor of D0, EOP and D1 pulp washer during bleaching process shall be reused for dilution in this section. And all white water from pulp washing and pulp concentration at the last section shall be all reused in bleached tower. The excess filter liquor is emitted to medium segment gutter-way for treatment.
The waste gas generated in each pulp washer is emitted to air after being washed in gas washing tower.
Table 27: Treatment situation of waste water from bleaching proceess
|Generation point |Pollution indicator |control and treatment measure |
|Pulp washer at bleaching|volume of waste water=100～110m3/h |The filter liquor generated from Pulp washer at bleaching DO |
|DO section |PH=3～4 |section is firstly stored in filter liquor tank and emitted to |
| |COD=900～1100mg/l |medium segment gutter-way and eventually sent to waste water |
| |SS=50～60mg/l |treatment station for treatment. |
|Pulp washer at bleaching|volume of waste water=90～100m3/h |The filter liquor generated from Pulp washer at bleaching EOP |
|EOP section |PH=9～10 |section is firstly stored in filter liquor tank and emitted to |
| |COD=1700～1900mg/l |medium segment gutter-way and eventually sent to waste water |
| |SS=80～90mg/l |treatment station for treatment. |
|Pulp washer at bleaching|volume of waste water=90～100m3/h |The filter liquor generated from Pulp washer at bleaching D1 |
|D1 section |PH=5～6 |section is firstly stored in filter liquor tank and emitted to |
| |COD=900～1000mg/l |medium segment gutter-way and eventually sent to waste water |
| |SS=70～80mg/l |treatment station for treatment. |
|Pre-bleaching pulp |volume of waste water=70～80m3/h |The filter liquor generated from Pre-bleaching pulp washer is |
|washer |PH=7～8 |firstly stored in filter liquor tank and emitted to medium |
| |COD=600～700mg/l |segment gutter-way and eventually sent to waste water treatment|
| |SS=70～80mg/l |station for treatment. |
2.3.1.2 Waste water anaerobic pretreatment process
This project mainly deals with the high concentration and acid waste water such as condensate waste water from gabasse cooking and washing, spray water from gabasse storage yard, gabass residue washing water. Anaerobic pretreatment generally used high load up-flow anaerobic reactor in paper making industry. The anaerobic treatment technology proposes to use IC internal recycling anaerobic reactor with the design scale of 11000m3/d. Refer to figure 11 for the process flow of IC anaerobic system.
Figure 11: Process flow chart of IC anaerobic treatment system
Explanation of treatment process: the high concentration organic waste water such as gabass residue washing water and spray water from gabasse storage yard converge at Water collection well and then enters pre-treatment unit to remove big foreigners with filter smash. After that, the waste water enters preliminary sedimentation pool to remove solid suspended matter. After cooled to certain temperature, the waste water will enter pre-acidification pool for stabling water volume and adjusting pH value, and part organic pollutants in waste water will be acidized to VFA and the pH value of waste water is adjusted to the best one for reaction. The waste water with best pH value will enter anaerobic reactor from the bottom of IC anaerobic reactor and mix with the particle sludge in the reactor for biochemical reaction. The generated biogas which mainly are methane and will enter gas storage tank and combustion in biogas furnace to dry the sludge generated in waste water treatment system. The treated water overflows from the top to aerobic biochemical system.
2.3.1.3 Deep treatment of waste water from pulp making
This waste water deep treatment station mainly treat the water from waste water biochemical system of medium pulp making section to ensure the emitted waste water meet the requirement in table 2 in “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008). According to the characteristics of waste water and taking into consideration of technical and economic factors, this project proposes the following process flow of waste water deep treatment:
Figure 12: Process flow of waste water deep treatment:
[pic]
(1) Description of process flow
The waste water after biochemical treatment is sent to medium water pool. And after leaving medium water pool, the waste water enters Fenton oxidizing tower to oxidize and degrade the non-degradable pollutants. The waste water after Fenton oxidizing tower will flow into Neutralization and degassing pool with alkali liquor added to neutralize waste water. And then the bubble in waste water is removed by stirring of fan. Waste water from degassing pool will then enter Coagulation reaction pool with PAM added to flocculate the iron sludge in waste water. waste water after Coagulation reaction flows to Sedimentation pool and the iron sludge will settling, the upper clean liquor will be emitted after meeting requirement of standards.
(2) Adding of chemicals
• Alkali
The major consumption of alkali is alkali liquor for adjusting pH value of waste water. The alkali liquor adding device shall be set up for measured adding with measuring pump.
• Fenton agent
The Fenton agents are hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate. The adding device for both hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate shall be set up for measured adding.
• PAM
PAM is added during waste water treatment to improve the flocculation ability of waste water. PAM adding device shall be set up for measured adding.
2.3.2 Comparison of process plan before and after technology upgrade
(1) Harm of CEH three-stage bleaching
The production of gabasse pulp has long used chlorine bleaching technique, i.e. CEH bleaching (Chlorination-Extraction- Hypochlorite). The waste water generated from traditional of chlorine bleaching technique will impose serious pollution. In addition to high load of BOD and COD, there is also a large amount of organic chloride with high toxicity and strong carcinogenicity. The waste water is hard to treat with a large part of organic chloride un-degradable in biochemical treatment. In paper and pulp factory with alkali recovery, bleaching waste water can not used for pulp washing and cooking soup, thus this type of bleaching technique does not apply to sealed and recycling factory of zero emission with strict environmental requirement. The chemical used for bleaching accounts for 15% to 25% of the total chemical for the whole chemical pulp making, the discharge of chemicals with waste water will cause great waste. In addition, the un-reused waste water will increase the water utility of the whole pulp making process. The bleaching technique with serious environmental pollution and large resource waste can not meet the requirements of sustainable development. Details are shown as following:
• The environmental damage of bleacher. The bleachers used in CEH three stage
bleaching are mainly chlorine bleacher—chlorine and hypochlorite. Chlorine is toxic, which will damage ozone in air and will form acid rain with water drop to erode ambient buildings. Despite the low toxicity of hypochlorite, it is a kind of strong oxidizer which will kill microbes in water and oxidize the organic in water to form chlorinated organic.
• Pollution from chlorinated organic in traditional pulp bleaching process. A large amount of chlorinated organic will be generated during bleaching. For example, triethyl orthoformate——this substance has high toxicity and carcinogenicity with the chronic poisoning of lever and kidney damage and a series of symptoms. Meanwhile, triethyl orthoformate is also a substance generating phosgene and damaging ozone. Chlorinated phenolic compounds——the use of chlorine bleacher will generate several types of toxic chlorinated organics when chlorine bleacher is degrading lignin. These toxic chlorinated organics are hard to degrade with biochemical or non-biochemical treatment. The emission of toxic chlorinated organics to natural water will cause toxic effect. The low concentration of these toxic chlorinated organics will accumulate to cause disease. The high concentration of these toxic chlorinated organics will lead to death. Dioxin and furan—— which is a toxic substance with strong carcinogenicity, pahtogenicity and teratogenicity.
• Wwaste water in traditional pulp bleaching process can not be reused. In paper and pulp factory with alkali recovery, alkali recovery system resolves the pollution of cooking waste liquor and will bring notable economic benefit. The environmental protection pressure is mainly from bleaching waste water of chemical pulp. In terms of a deep pulp factory with good alkali recovery system, if bleaching waste water is emitted without treatment, it will account for more than 85% of the total pollution load of the factory. However, bleaching waste water can not be reused in pulp washing as paper making white water. In addition, the direct emission will waste a lot of chemicals, causing great resource waste. When bleaching pulp with chlorine bleacher, bout 92% of element chlorine will become chloridioin and form sodium chloride after combination with Na, and the other 8% will become organic chlorine. if bleaching waste water is reused for pulp washing or cooking soup, sodium chloride will dissolve in water and cause the enrichment of chloridioin in Alkali liquor, which will definitely reduce the alkali concentration of green liquor after cauticization section. In addition, chloridioin has strong corrosivity, and the enrichment of chloridioin will damage equipment. In summary, the bleaching waste water can only be emitted, causing environmental pollution and resource waster. However, the alkali amount for bleaching pulp is about 2-4% of the pulp and the waste water contains much organics. If the waste water can be reused for pulp washing and cooking soup, in addition to recycling of chemical, the organic heat can be gained and reduce the waste water treatment cost.
(2) The advantages of ECF bleaching compared with traditional H single-stage or CEH three-stage bleaching:
On the basis of giving consideration to economic and environmental benefits, this project chooses ECF bleaching technique. The ECF bleaching technique based on chlorine dioxide takes the leading position in modern pulp making factory. With the same effective chlorine amount, the AOX generated from chlorine dioxide bleaching is only 1/5 of that of Cl2 bleaching. Meanwhile, ECF bleaching technique will reduce the acid degree, color degree and content of sodium chloride and ECF bleaching generates no dioxin and other toxic substance with persistent bioaccumulation.
• Long-lasting applicability
On site investigation and research as well as chemical analysis during the past ten years shows that the waste water from paper factory using ECF bleaching technique and with good management contains no dioxin and other toxic substance with persistent bioaccumulation.
• Pollution prevention
Pollution prevention can not only prevent pollution source from entering ecological system or treating after damage is happed. Pollution control and waste water treatment are not sufficient for real prevention. JCI said that it is a important achievement for pulp and paper industry to replace ECF bleaching technique with chlorine dioxide bleaching technique. The replacement eliminates the possibility of dioxin generation in pulp and paper factory.
• The best available technology
In 1990s, for the purpose of responding to the concern on environment, government departments issued new regulations for pulp and paper making industry. The common feature of these regulations and guidelines is “best available technology (BAT)”.
Through chlorine dioxide used for ECF bleaching will also generate some toxic substances, these substance impose little damage on environment and little pollution on air. Meanwhile, waste water from ECF bleaching can be reused for pulp washing and diluted water of cooking soup, which will not only reduce water utility, but recycle the alkali in waste liquor, thus the heat of organics in waste liquor can be gained to achieve energy conservation and efficiency improvement. In addition, the performance of ECF bleached pulp is extremely good, thus US and EU designate ECF bleaching as the core part of BAT.
2.3.3Process with pollution in project
Construction activities the new bleaching system, auxiliary chlorine dioxide preparation system, anaerobic pretreatment system and waste water deep treatment system
The new processes with pollution during operation period are：
(1) Waste water
Gabasse spray water, washing water .
(2) Waste gas
Odorous gas generated in waste water anaerobic treatment unit；
(3) Noise
Noise generated by transmission equipment such as fan, water pump.
(4) Solid waste
The crystallization of side product sodium sulfate generated during chlorine dioxide
preparation；
Sludge generated during the operation of anaerobic treatment system and deep treatment system。
2.3.4 Analysis of pollution source intensity
2.3.4.1Waste water
This technology upgrade constructed a new bleaching system with annual treatment capacity of 98 thousand tons gabasse pulp using new ECF bleaching process to replace old No. 1 and No.2 CEH bleaching process which will reduce the generation of dioxin and AOX.
After technology upgrade, the amount of waste water to be treated is 15967m3/d（excluding Meihanganxing company）, gabasse spray water from raw material storage yard, gabasse washing water from gabasse washing section, pulp making workshop, pulp making workshop, alkali recovery workshop, backwash water from purification station and household waster.
The emission amount of high pollution water such as gabasse spray water and gabasse washing water is 7200m3/d. refer to table 28 for the production and household waste water of Pumiao Papermaking Factory after technology upgrade.
Table 28: Production and household waste water emission amount after technology upgrade unit：m3/d
|Unit |Emission amount |Note |
|Purification station |100 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Matieral preparation section |7200 |Gabasse washing water and spray water enters waste water station after |
| | |anaerobic treatment |
|Pulp making workshop |7198 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Alkali recovery workshop |1200 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Household waste water (from workshop) |108 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|Household waste water (from livng |161 |Treated at waste water station and emitted through Yongjiang outlet |
|area) | | |
|Total |15967 |/ |
Refer to figure 13 for the water supply and drainage situation of the whole factory before technology upgrade
Figure 13: Water supply and drainage of the whole factory after technology upgrade
pulp factory2186m3/d
邕宁
Figure 14: Flow chart of waste water treatment process of Pumiao Papermaking Factory after technology upgrade
The waste water treatment measure after technology upgrade：
The waste water is treated with anaerobic biochemical treatment +floatation + aerobic biochemical treatment technique before technology upgrade. Refer to figure 14 for the process.
Gabasse spray and washing water anaerobic system Biochemical pool No.4 secondary sedimentation pool online monitoring point water emission pool Yongjiang River
Biochemical pool No. 1 secondary sedimentation pool
Biochemical pool No.2 secondary sedimentation pool waste water deep treatment system general outlet online monitoring point water emission pool Yongjiang River
Biochemical pool No.3 secondary sedimentation pool
TDAF physichemical adjustment pool oblique smesh sedimentation pool medium waste water in pulp making
chilled water in alcohol workshop
water taking in process of Biochemical pool No.1：Biochemical lifting pool quality adjustment pool preliminary aeration pool secondary aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool post aeration pool waste water deep treatment system
water taking in process of Biochemical pool No.2：Regeneration pool Biochemical lifting pool aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool waste water deep treatment system
water taking in process of Biochemical pool No.3：Biochemical lifting pool quality adjustment pool aeration pool secondary sedimentation pool waste water deep treatment system
water taking in process of Biochemical pool No.4：water from anaerobic treatment aeration in rectangular pool aeration in round pool secondary sedimentation pool waste water deep treatment system
legend： monitoring point
The gabasse spray water, washing water will be produced from the bagasse preparation process. This technology upgrade constructs a new IC anaerobic treatment system and deep treatment system. The gabasse spray water and washing water enter waste water deep treatment system after IC anaerobic system, biochemical pool and secondary sedimentation pool and emitted out after meeting requirements in standard.
The anaerobic pretreatment technology proposes to use IC internal recycling anaerobic reactor with the design scale of 11000m3/d. Refer to figure 11 for the process flow of IC anaerobic system. According to analysis of situation of Pumiao Papermaking Factory using anaerobic treatment system to treat gabasse water in “environmental impact statement of technology upgrade project on expanding annual production capacity from 68 thousand tons to 98 thousand tons of Pumiao Papermaking Factory, Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD”, table 29 shows the all indicators of pollutants in waster water before and after anaerobic treatment.
Table 29: Water quality of gabasse spray water and gabasse washing water before and after anaerobic treatment
|Item |Water emission |BOD5 |CODcr |SS |pH |
|Indicator |amount |(mg/l) |(mg/l) |(mg/l) | |
| |(m3/d) | | | | |
|Before treatment |7200 |1000~3000 |4000~7000 |1000~2500 |4～5 |
|After treatment |7200 |≤300 |≤1500 |≤400 |6-9 |
According to the monitoring of Nanning environmental protection monitoring station on July 29th 2010 to waste water treatment station, refer to table 29 for monitoring results.
Table 30: Situation of water quality of waste water treatment system
|monitoring point |monitoring item|pH value |COD |BOD5 mg/L |SS mg/L |color degree |Ammonia |Total nitrogen |
| | | |mg/L | | | |nitrogen |mg/L |
| | | | | | | |mg/L | |
|Emission standard: table 2 in |6~9 |100 |20 |50 |50 |12 |15 |0.8 |
|GB3544-2008 | | | | | | | | |
Note: the waste water is not treated deeply when monitoring.
Gabasse water is organic pollutants with high concentration, thus the concentration of majorpollutants before treatment is high, which impose great pressure on further biochemical treatment system. IC anaerobic treatment system used by Pumiao Papermaking Factory for gabasse water pre-treatment brings good environmental effect, and has great effect on further biochemical treatment of Pumiao Papermaking Factory. The concentration of degradable pollutants in high concentration gabasse water plays an important role in ensuring the waste water of Pumiao Papermaking Factory stably meet the requirements in table 2 of “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper making industry” (GB3544-2008) (pH 6-9，，COD≤100mg/L，BOD5≤20mg/L，SS≤50mg/L，color degree≤50) and has a significant role in protecting the quality of regional surface water.
According to the monitoring of Nanning environmental protection monitoring station from September 17th to 18th 2009 to waste water treatment station, refer to table 31 for monitoring results.
Table 31: Situation of water quality of waste water treatment system unit：mg/L(excluding pH and color degree)
|monitoring point |monitoring |pH value |COD |BOD5 |SS |color degree |Ammonia nitrogen |Total nitrogen |
| |item | | | | | | | |
|emission concentration|/ |80 |12 |30 |2.37 |11.0 |0.04 |0.017* |
|mg/L | | | | | | | | |
|emission amount(t/a) |5428780 |434.30 |65.15 |162.86 |12.87 |59.72 |0.22 |0.09 |
Note: the value in above table is calculated with the concentration at the outlet of deep treatment system. *AOX emission concentration is calculated with the average emission concentration at workshops and the total emission amount.
2.3.4.2 Waste Gas
(1) Odorous gas
The deep treatment system of this project mainly conducts deep treatment to the water from existing waste water treatment station with chemical and physical methods. The oxidizer of H2O2 and catalyzer of Fe2+ (Fenton agent) are added to degrade and oxidize COD which is degradable in biochemical treatment unit to H2O and CO2. Liquid and PAM is added to regulate pH value and for sedimentation treatment. All agents needed by this project are added automatically with separate adding device through sealed pipeline. When treating gabasse waste water, water collection well and preliminary sedimentation pool at anaerobic system is not sealed, thus gabasse waste water will send out volatile odorous gas, imposing certain impact on air quality of area within 100m downwind from the factory. After comparison of similar technique and waste water treatment plant, the emission rates of pollutants of H2S and NH3 are respectively 0.0061kg/h and 0.05kg/h, and the concentration odorous gas at the distance of 50 m and 100m downwind from waste water treatment system is respectively 16.0、11.0, meeting the requirements for level II in table 1 of Emission standards for odor pollutants (the concentration of odorous gas for new and expanded project ≤20). There is no resident sensitive points within 100 m from this project, thus the odorous gas imposes little impact on environment. To reduce the impact of odorous gas on ambient environment, it is suggested to strengthen the sealing of position sending out odorous gas.
(2) Methane gas
The IC reactor of waste water anaerobic system many generate which is inflammable gas. According to the design of this project, methane gas is collected and sent to biogas furnace for combustion and the generated heat is used for drying sludge in dryer. The combusted methane gas becomes CO2 and water steam, causing little impact on air quality. Methane gas also brings large economic value.
2.3.4.3 Noise
The construction site is located at Pumiao Papermaking Factory and Nanning Bali cement factory. Noise sources are mainly from transmission equipments such as fan and water pump with the sound level between 85 to 100 dB(A). The assessment requires equipping sealed sound insulation room for fan and pump, and installing fixture or shocking absorption base on transmission equipment such as fan and pumping to minimize noise, and install silence at the fan outlet. With the above measure taken, the sound level is predicted as 60~70dB (A). In addition, there area workshops and factory rooms around the site, thus it is predicted that no large impact will be imposed on ambient environment. The noise level at the boundary cen meeting the requirement for level III in “Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary” (GB12348-2008) (day≤65dB(A), night≤55dB(A))).
2.3.4.4 Solid waste
The main solid wastes generated in this project are the crystallization of side product sodium sulfate generated during chlorine dioxide preparation and sludge generated during the operation of anaerobic treatment system and deep treatment system.
The process of chlorine dioxide preparation will generate some side product which is mainly crystallization of sodium sulfate with the generation amount of 3916.8t/a. This crystallization is filtered in filter, and then sold out after stiring and dissolving.
The sludge from waste water treatment station will increase by 796t/a. and the sludge must be dried and treated or disposed of according to “Standard for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes (GB 18599-2001)”. For its good fertilizer effect, the sludge after dewatering treatment will be sent to compound fertilizer factory as raw material. The sludge from waste water treatment station is used comprehensively without impose impact on environment.
2.3.4.5 Comparison of pollutant emission before and after technology upgrade
Refer to table 32 for Comparison of pollutant emission before and after technology upgrade
Table 32: Comparision of pollutant emission before and after technology upgrade
|Item |The whole factory |The whole factory after |Difference between the amount |
| |before technology |technology upgrade |before technology upgrade and |
| |upgrade | |that after technology upgrade |
|Waste gas |Waste gas emission amount( 10 thousandm3/a) |164943 |164943 |+0 |
| |SO2 emission amount(t/a) |380.85 |380.85 |+0 |
| |smoke dust emission amount(t/a) |200.03 |200.03 |+0 |
| |Nox emission amount (t/a) |874.33 |874.33 |+0 |
| |NH3 emission amount(t/a) |0 |0.408 |+0.408 |
| |H2S emission amount(t/a) |0 |0.05 |+0.05 |
|Waste |Waste water emission amount(m3/a) |9251400 |5428780 |-3822620 |
|water | | | | |
| |CODcr emission amount(t/a) |1322.95 |434.3 |-888.65 |
| |BOD5 emission amount(t/a) |235.91 |61.15 |-174.76 |
| |SS emission amount(t/a) |538.89 |54.29 |-484.6 |
| |Ammonia nitrogen emission amount(t/a) |17.39 |12.87 |-4.52 |
|Solid |Ash generation amount (t/a) |60000 |60000 |+0 |
|waste | | | | |
| |white mud generation amount (t/a) |33000 |33000 |+0 |
| |Pulp residue generation amount (t/a) |3000 |3000 |+0 |
| |sludge generation amount (t/a) |2970 |3766 |+796 |
| |Gabasse generation amount (t/a) |30000 |30000 |+0 |
| |crystallization of sodium sulfate (t/a) |0 |3916.8 |+3916.8 |
| |Total (t/a) |128970 |133682.8 |+4712.8 |
Note: the waste water amount excludes that of Meihenganxing. The waste gas anount covered the emission amount of the alkali recovery furnace and boilers only.
It can be seen from table 32 that the technical upgrade does not involve boilers or stacks.After the upgrade, the total amount of main air emission will not change SO2 emission amount: 380.85t/a, smoke dust emission amount:200.03t/a, Nox emission amount:874.33t/a. New air emissions include ammnia gas and sulfur hydrogen from the anaerobic wastewater pretreatment system. Because the new ECF process is used, water consumption and pollutants will decrease substantially. COD emission amount: 434.30t/a, BOD5 emission amount:65.15t/a, SS emission amount54.29t/a, ammonia nitrogen emission amount12.87t/a. the amount of COD, BOD5, SS and ammonia nitrogen are all reduced compared with that before technology upgrade, with the reduction amount of COD, BOD5, SS and ammonia nitrogen are 88.65t/a、174.76t/a、484.6t/a、4.52t/a respectively. Accordingly, some wastewater sludge will be produced. In addition, some sodium sulfate is generated as byproducts from the production system of chlorine dioxide.
2.4 The technology upgrade project complies with industrial and environmental protection policies and plans
2.4.1 The technology upgrade project complies with environmental protection policies
“Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008) proposes stricter requirements for AOX (Absorbable Organic Halogen), benchmark waste water emission volume per unit product and emitted water quality for pulp and paper industry. In accordance with above stipulations, ECF technique is a practical and mature selection for the persistence of pulp and paper industry. Phasing out element chlorine bleaching system with ECF bleaching technique will reduce the generation of dioxin and the AOX in emitted waste water. The deep treatment of waste water from pulp and paper industry will largely reduce the emission of pollutants and waste water, complying with the relevant policies of environmental protection.
2.4.2 The technology upgrade project complies with industrial plan
2.4.2.1 The technology upgrade project complies with genral plan of national economy and social development
The international financial crisis imposed great impact on China’s paper making industry. The export of product for each industry is limited, the products of package paper and newspaper accounting for large market share of paper making industry is reduced, meanwhile the international demand is decreasing, which influences the sales of paper products as well as the development of paper making industry. In 2008, the total output of machine-made paper and paper board was 83900 thousand tons, with yearly increase of 8.75% . The industrial total output in 2007 increased by13.08% compared with 2006. The growth rate in 2008 is lower than 2007. From the third quarter on, the industrial product stock began to increase, and enterprises stopped or reduced production, leading to the falling of product price. As of the total output and consumption amount of machine-made paper and paper board, the supply of paper making industry has exceeded demand. As of paper types, package paper and newspaper was impacted seriously, but disposable bathroom tissue still thrived in both production and consumption.
The total output of machine-made paper and paper board was 30500 thousand tons in 2000, and this figure reached 83900 thousand tons. The output of package paper was 12500 thousand tons, this figure reached 37500 thousand tons in 2008, with the growth rate much higher than the growth rate of the whole industry. The output of package paper accounted for 49.45% of the total output of China’s paper and paper board in 2007, higher than the international average level which was 45.20%. The output of package paper increased by 14.44% in 2007 compared with that in 2006, but the consumption amount in the same period increased by 11.36%, with the growth rate of output largely higher than that of consumption.
Financial crisis imposed little impact on the consumer goods including disposable toilet articles. Despite the decline of international economy, the demand of residents for basic consumer goods will not decrease. Financial crisis imposed little impact on export of the consumer goods. In 2008, the large part of disposable toilet articles produced in China, including those produced by multinational enterprises in China, was sold in domestic market, therefore, the market demand will continue to increase steadily and rapidly. During the past two decades, the market of China’s disposable toilet articles has been increasing rapidly. The market scale of China was about 40 billion RMB in 2007, accounting for 10% of the world market. And the market scale of China was predicted to be 45 billion RMB in 2008.
With the issue of “Paper Industry Development Policy” and strengthening on implementing energy-conservation and emission-reduction and phasing out backward production capacity, as well as the implementation of new standard on pollutants emission of paper making industry, the government departments at every level will focus on monitoring, administration and law enforcement of paper making enterprise. Some enterprise with unreasonable economic scale, high energy consumption and waste consumption, emission not meet the requirements will be phased out, which will bring more market for the enterprise suitable to develop like this project.
The product of this factory used to be bleached gabasse pulp, which is the raw material of high and medium class household paper. With this technology upgrade, the product quality will improved to meet the demand of household paper for paper pulp of environmental protection, this technology upgrade enables the enterprise take the leading position on the same production of the industry, and brings good market prospect.
This project is an environmental protection project, aiming to phase out the element chlorine bleaching system with large pollution and construct new environment friendly and energy-conservation production line of ECF bleaching. Meanwhile, the waste water treatment will be strengthened by new gabasse water anaerobic treatment system and waste water deep treatment system, and white mud and ash will be reused comprehensively. Therefore, this project complies with the national industrial development policy and general plan of national economy and social development.
2.4.2 2. The technology upgrade project complies with industrial development plan
Article 22 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “the technology of paper industry shall go towards the direction of high standard, low consumption and low pollution. The application of high yield pulping technology, biological technology, low pollution pulping technology, medium concentration technology, ECF or TCE bleaching technology, low consumption mechanical pulping technology is encouraged, ……” article 23 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “……the application of lime base pulping is prohibited and elemental chlorine bleaching technology on new projects is prohibited (current enterprise shall gradually phase out the application of elemental chlorine bleaching technology). The obsolete and backward pulp or paper making equipments is prohibited to import”. “Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry” (GB3544-2008) proposes stricter requirements for AOX (Absorbable Organic Halogen), benchmark waste water emission volume per unit product and emitted water quality for pulp and paper industry. In accordance with above stipulations, ECF technique is a practical and mature selection for the persistence of pulp and paper industry. Phasing out element chlorine bleaching system with ECF bleaching technique will reduce the generation of dioxin and the AOX in emitted waste water. The deep treatment of waste water from pulp and paper industry will largely reduce the emission of pollutants and waste water, complying with the relevant policies of environmental protection. The comprehensive utility of white mud and ash and waste water deep treatment technique also comply with the comprehensive utility and clean production principles of “Paper Industry Development Policy”.
3 Environmental situation of project construction site
3.1 Situation of natural environment
3.1.1 Geographic location
Yongning district of Nanning city is located at t he southeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, between 22°12′～23°06′ N, and 107°57′～108°51′ E with Heng county on the east, Fusui on the west, Shangsi, Qinzhou, Lingshan mountain on the south and Wuming, Binyang on the north. Refer to attached figure 1 for the Geographic location of the project.
3.1.2 Geographic and geomorphic conditions
The topography of Yongning district, Nanning city is a slope from west to east. It is a hill place surrounded by mountains with a plain in the middle. The total area of Yongning district, Nanning city is 4725 km2 with the area of farm land of 1137 thousand Mu, accounting for 16.04% of the total area; forest land 1958.5 thousand Mu, accounting for 27.63%,; waste mountain land of 1617.7 thousand Mu, accounting for 22.82%; water area of 240 thousand, accounting for 3.39%; village and roads land of 213.48 thousand Mu, accounting for30.12 %.
Pumiao Town is located at hill area with a river on the north, a mountain on south and east, and flat farm land on northwest. The government of Yongning district is located at Pumiao Town with Yongjiang River and Bachi River surrounded this town. This project is located at southeast of Pumiao Town where is flat and with flat farm land on the east, the low hill area on the other three sides.
3.1.3 Geology and seismic intensity
The geological development of the area where Yonging district, Nanning city is located experienced four stages which are Early Palaeozoic Era, upper Early Palaeozoic Era, Mesozoic Era and Kainozoic Era, with relatively complete exposed stratums from Fambrian period of Early Palaeozoic Era to Quaternary period of Kainozoic Era. As a part of west wing of Guangxi Shan shaped structure and located at a rhombus land crossed with four geographic fault zones of southwest trend, southeast trend, northeast trend and northwest trend. The geological structure there is complex.
The stratum is carboniferous system of the Tertiary period. Lower arboniferous system is exposed at Pumiao Town——Xinan, with thick layer of Dolomitic limestone as main stratum. middle arboniferous systemi is exposed at Namei Village—Baliting, with pure Huanglong limestone. Upper arboniferous system is exposed at Xin Village, Qingshui Spring and Maweicao, with fine stratum. The main element of rock stratum is calcium carbonate which is easy to lose after dissolcing in water and cause karst. There are a lot of karsts, big or small, in the town, with typical ones in Baliting and Qingshui Spring. According to geographic data, no fault is found in the town, but there is a fault and an underground river at Qingshui Spring – Zhoutong where is 4-5 Km away from the town.
The geographic condition at the area where this project is located is complex. The land in the factory can be divided into three geographic areas, geographic area I, geographic area II, geographic area III. The condition in geographic area I is good, but the condition at geographic area takes the second place. But geographic area III is ancient karst development area, containing many soil holes, funnel and hidden holes. Now the condition for new karst to develop is disappeared.
According to “Guangxi seismic intensity zoning map”, the seismic intensity of this area is below six.
3.1.4 Hydrology
(1) Surface water
There are 14 rivers in the area with the total length reaching 402 km. Yongning section of Yongjiang River is the main stream and branch streams entering Yongjiang River are distributed like tree branches. The main branch streams entering Yongjiang River are Santang River, Sitang River, Ling River, Bachi River, Liangfeng River, Nayue River, and Shajiang River. Yongning section of Yongjiang River is the largest river in the country running from the west in the county from Liangfeng River at Liangfeng town and running to the east out of the county from Nache River at Lingli town. The length of Yongning section of in the county is 83 km, with the annual mean flow of 1550 m3/s, the largest flow of 13300 m3/s, the smallest flow of 115 m3/s and average water level of 72.77 m.
(2) Undergroud water
The types of underground water include karst water, crevice water and crevice pore water. The distribution of underground water is uneven, with six phreatic water sections and 22 underground rivers all located at south of Yongjiang River. The six phreatic water sections are located at from Mingyang fram to Suwei, from Naqi to Xincheng, From Sanlian Hospital to Longde, from Qingshui spring to Nali, from Duling to Dingxi and Xiasongyan. The founded underground rivers are all phreatic water part of underground water. The underground river from Qingshui spring to Nali belongs to surface water of Yongjiang River system with the outlet at Qingshui Spring, Pumiao Town. Its water supply area is 200 km2 , the flow of drought period is 0.9 m3/s and the flow length is 10 km with two scuttles. The depth of low water level of one scuttle is 4m with the annual range of water level is 4m and the depth of low water level of the other scuttle is 14m with the annual range of water level is 6m. The river water is used as household water and irrigation water of Pumiao Town. Now the water supply of Pumiao Town is further completing and most residents drink tap water.
Another underground river with outlet at Pumiao Town is underground river system of Xiagongyan, which also belongs to surface water of Yongjiang River system. Its specific out is located at Xiagongyan, Pumiao Town, at south of Yongjiang River, who is famous for production of Xia (shrimp). In drought season, the water can be seen to flow from outlet to Yongjiang River. In flood seasons, the outlet is submerged by water of Yongjiang River. Its water supply area is 13 km2, the flow of drought period is 0.5459 m3/s and the flow length is more than 10 km. this underground river system is not developed yet.
3.1.5 Climate
Yonging district, Nanning city belongs to the area of subtropical monsoon climate with long summer and short winter. This area is warm and wet with sufficient rainfall. The yearly average temperature at this area is 21.7℃；Yearly average rainfall is 1272.9 mm, yearly average hours of sunshine is 1692.4 hour. The average temperature of the hottest month (July) is 28.2℃, and average temperature of the coldest month (January) is 12.6℃. The yearly average frost-free days are 346. The wind is mainly east wind in the whole year with southeast wind in summer and northeast wind in winter. The static wind is high with the yearly static wind frequency of 21.4%. And the yearly average wind speed is 2.4m/s.
3.1.6 Soil
According to data from general survey of soil, the soil in this area is lateritic soil in 6 soil groups, 56 soil genus and 104 soill species. The water farm land is mainly submergenic, wateloggogenic and gleyed paddy, which accounts for 96.2% of water farm land. The soil in dry farmland is mainly latosolic red soil and purple soil, which accounts for 94%. The vertical distribution of soil is as following: red soil like granite above 600 m of elevation, latosolic red soil like granite and dinas at the hill area from 100 ～ 150 m of elevation; parent material red soil in Quaternary period, and red mud, yellow mud, purple mud from 80 ～ 100 m of elevation; And wattenschlick, meat mud land distributed at both side of rivers below 80m of elevation. The land with thin farming layer, sticky nature and low fertility is mainly acidic or faintly acidic.
There are paddy, red soil in Quaternary period, latosolic red soil of shale and yellow mud land distributed in Pumiao Town.
3.1.7 Animal and Plant resources
The project is located at area of subtropical monsoon climate with plants belonging to tropical and subtropical Secondary monsoon rain forest. The plants are rich in species and resource. The plants in the area can be divided into artificial plants and natural plants. The plants above 300 m of elevation are mostly natural plants and the plants below 300 m of elevation are combined with artificial plants. The artificial plants include timber forest and economic forest.
The project is located at area with heavy traffic and frequent human activity and few wild animals which are mainly small animals such as snakes, frogs, mice and insects.
3.1.8 Scenic spots
According to surveys, there is no special sensitive area such as protection zone for national and provincial endangered animals and plants or special inhabitant, scenic spots and cultural relics and historic sites.
3.2 Social and economic situation
3.2.1 Administrative division, population and land area
Yonging district is a municipal district of Nanning city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China. Yonging district is located at southeast of Nanning city and was set up in March 2005, taking urisdiction over five towns which are Pumiao Town, Xinjiang Town, Nalou Town, Baiji Town and Zhonghe Town. The whole area of Yonging district is 1295km2 among which 20190 hectare is farm land. The population of Yonging district is 316 thousand, among which 95% are Zhuang nationality and 83% are rural population. There are about 2000 people within 2km from the factory.
3.2.2 National Economy
The regional GDP of Yongning district, Nanning city was 4.142 billion RMB in 2011 increased by 10.6 % compared with last year. The fixed assets investment of the whole society was 253.4 billion RMB, increased by 75.39 %. The fiscal revenue was 0.31 billion RMB，increased by 62.75 %， the total volume of retail sales was0.96 billion RMB, increased by 17.1 %. Gross Output Value of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Sizewas 1.334 billion RMB, increased by 9.18 %；Capita disposable income of urban residents was 15858RMB, increased by 12.01 %. net per capita income of rural residents was 4968 RMB，increased by 13.51 %. The natural population growth rate was control below10 ‰. And the registered unemployment rate in urban area was 3.28 %.
Yongning district focuses on the development of profitable agriculture and carrying outpolicies to strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers and timely realized the subsidy of 16713.1 thousand to farmer. Yongning district realized the total annual output of husbandry and fishery of 2.797 billion RMB, increased by 6.51 %. The output, value and profit of three pillar industries of grain, sugarcane and vegetable were increased largely. The output of grain was 146.2 thousand tons, increased by 11.1 thousand tons and 8.2 %. The planting area of sugarcane was 236 thousand Mu with the raw material sugarcane reaching 1200 thousand tons. The planting area of vegetable was 129.8 thousand Mu with the total output of 166 thousand tons, increased by 6 %. The ecological animal husbandry is developing steadily, and 10 standard cultivation areas are constructed. The meat output was 55.7 thousand tons, increased by 8.9 %. The output of seafood was 9200 tons, increased by 6.7 %. The infrastructure in rural area of Yongning district is improving. In 2010, 230 thousand RMB was invested to construct 10 new road with the total length of 11.5 km. another 22400 thousand RMB was invested to the projects of risk elimination and reinforcement of 4 reservoirs and 30 rural safe drinking water, which resolved the drinking difficult of 13.5 thousand people. The collective forest system of Yongning district is moving forward. The field demarcation area reached 676.9 thousand Mu with public area of 669.5 thousand Mu and finished certificate issuing area of 620.8 thousand Mu.
3.2.3 Transportation
The “one bridge and one road” construction in Yongning district moves smoothly, Xianhu bridge has been finished and open to traffic. The first phase of Yongning section on the secondary road of “Yongning-Lingshan-Pubei” was completed. The main lanes on expansion of Yongning-Liangxiang road were completed and road lamps were installed. The renovation of the old downtown of Pumiao is carried forward steadily with 21 village roads with the total length of 109.7 km constructed and the roads from Nalou to Xinjiang, from Nalou to Baiji, from Zhonghe to Nalou and Beijing are connected.
3.2.4 The situation of Wuhe Power Station in Planning
In addition to Nanning’s flood bank, its flood prevention also relies on Laokou and Baise cascade (Hydro-junction). Nanning’s flood bank was constructed according to the standard of prevention of flood once 200 years. The joint operation of Nanning’s flood bank with Baise cascade will improve Nanning’s flood prevention ability to prevention of flood once 200 years, and the joint operation of Nanning’s flood bank with Baise and Laokou cascade will improve Nanning’s flood prevention ability to prevention of flood once 200 years. According to the development principle, guidelines, tasks of Laokou-Xijin section of Yujiang River, the development of Laokou cascade shall first meet the demand of Nanjing, national key flood prevention cities for flood control, and then meet the demand for water landscape and shipping, the last function of Laokou cascade is power generation. The task and role of Laokou cascade shall follow the original plan result. The normal level of Xijin cascade lowered by 1.50m compared with the original planed level of 63.6m. the river bed elevation of section in Nanning city after its expansion is from 40.9 to 60.23 m. the normal level of Xijin cascade during drought period is 62.1 m with the water depth from 21.2 to 1.87m and some river bed exposed, which may influence shipping. In addition, this can not meet the requirement of Naning city waster landscape for water level of Nanning section, Yujiang River no less than 66m.
To improve the water landscape of Yongjiang River in Nanning city during drought period, Nanning municipal Development and Reform Commission entrusted Guangxi Zhuwei Nanning Survey and Design Institute to prepare “Report on complementary plan of Laokou-Xijin section cascade at main stream of Yujiang River Xijiang River system of Zhujiang watershed” in May 2005, and proposed to increase a cascade at the main stream of Yongjiang River with the specidic location at the downstream of Nanning downtown area. For this purpose, the complementary plan for this cascade proposed two schemes for comparison.
Scheme one: the first scheme of Xijin, which maintains the original planned cascade and restores the normal level of Xijin cascade to 63.6 m to meet the requirement of Nanning for water landscape in downtown area or increase to 66m to meet the requirement of Nanning for the lowest landscape level at Yujiang River.
Scheme two: the secondary scheme, which maintain the situation of Xijin cascade, but increase a Yongning Wuhe cascade for the purpose of reducing submerge and increase the water level of Yujiang River in Nanning city, thus to meet the requirent of Nanning city for landscape and shipping.
According to the compression of two schemes and following the principles that the main functions of Laokou-Xijin section are flood prevention and water landscape and giving consideration to shipping and power generation, for the purpose of reduce resident relocation and immigration, and taking the new human-oriented idea for treating water, the normal water level of 63.6m in the first Xijin scheme can not meet the requirements for water landscape, but the normal water level of 66m is infeasible for the huge investment and resident relocation. Therefore, the plan suggested increasing Yongning cascade at the section (Wuhe Power Station), which is the secondary scheme, the secondary development of Xijin Yongning cascade.
For the purpose of not increasing the flood prevention and treatment pressure of Nanning, and imposing adverse impact on the stability of bank of Nanning section of Yujiang River, and meeting the requirements for water landscape and shipping (level III water course and 1000 t traffic capacity), the normal pool level of Wuhe Power Station is prepared with four plans which are 65 m, 66m, 67m and 69, with 66m suggested.
3.3 Situation of the general plan of construction site
This project is closed to the industrial cluster at the east of Yongning district, Nanning city, and located at the north of Bali Industrial Park. The general plan for Bali Industrial Park is as following:
1) Plan period
The plan period of Bali Industrial Park is divided into two phase: short term plan from 2006 to 2010 and long term plan from 2010 to 2020.
2) Nature positioning
The Park takes paper, building material, machinery, biological pharmacy, light industry, feed, texture, food process as main industries and construct facilities such as logistics, service, trade and resident, in order to build a good auxiliary industrial park of Naning Wuxiang new area.
3) Major industries
The main industries are s paper, building material, machinery, biological pharmacy, light industry, feed, texture, food process. Arrange projects of product process and secondary development with little pollution and high technology content.
4) Development goals
On the same time of maintaining rapid and steady economic development, we shall implement Scientific Outlook on Development, take science and technology as driving power, take market as direction to optimize investment environment, adjust measures to local conditions, arrange every type of land scientifically, organize traffic system reasonably and construct complete and standard infrastructures, thus to create a modern industrial part with Guinan flavor of reasonable layout, complete functions and beautiful environment.
5) Plan scope
The plan scope of Bali Industrial Park is from Yongning Water Supply company, Party School of Yongning district commission of CPC, Pumiao Papermaking Factory on the north to Nali village on the south, from the planned service area of Naning-Lingshan secondary road on the east to Nanyuan-Xinjiang Road, with the total are of 5.52 km2.
6) Development scale
The land area of Bali Industrial Park is 5.52 km2 with the population of 13 thousand.
7) General layout
With the division of major roads, the general layout of the Park is “two axis and four districts”. The industrial land is mainly at the south of the secondary road and on the northeast part with the area of 336.79 h. The logistic and storage land is mainly at the east part of service area of the secondary road with the area of 49.06 h. The residential land is mainly at the northwest corner of the park with the area of 49.06 h, which consists of auxiliary living land and the relocation land of residents from Nali village. The public facility land is mainly at the northwest part of the park with the area of 8.92 h.
8) Water supply plan
The daily water consumption of Bali Industrial Park is 955 thousand t/d. The supply source in the short distance is Qingshui Spring whose water supply capacity is 50 thousand t/d. The supply source in the long distance is the city water supply pipeline network and the regeneration water in the park, considering the water supply system of different quality. To ensure safe water supply, the water supply pipeline network is set in ring shape.
9) Water drainage plan
The water drainage system conducts separation of rain and waste water. There is a waste water lifting pump station at Bachi River. The household waste water and industrial waste water are collected into pipeline system and pumped to Bachi River waste water treatment station to treat. Before the construction of Bachi River waste water treatment station, the industrial waste water is emitted to Bachi River after treatment by each enterprise, and household waste water is emitted to pipeline network for rain after collective treatment. The waste water and industrial waste water will be eventually emitted to Yongjiang River after meeting requirements in standard. The construction scale of Bachi River waste water treatment station in the short term is 50 thousand m3/d and that in the long term is 100 thousand m3/d.
10) Power supply plan
The power supply source of Bali Industrial Park in the short distance is 110 kV Pumiao converting station. It is proposed to construct a new 110 kV converting station on the east of the Park with the capacity of 3X10 MVA and land area of 7000 m2. It is planed to reserve a 10 kV ground passageway and will be laid overhead in the near future.
11) Transportation plan
The Park plans the road structure of “three verticals and two horizonal”. There are two main roads from north the south, increasing the connection with Xianhu development area, and a main road from east to west, increasing the connection with Wuxiang new area. Therefore, the transportation of the Park is convenient.
12) The green system and landscape plan
The green system in the Park consists of two parts: park green land with the area of 2.49 h and green land for environmental protection with the area of 19.22 h. The landscape structure plan is “landscape area-landscape axis-landscape joint”.
13) Sanitation facility plan
It is proposed to construct 9 public toilets and 3 small household waste transfer stations. The short term household waste is sent to household waste yard at the south of Nanning city for landfill. The long term household waste is sent to the new comprehensive waste treatment center at the north of the city. There is also an industrial waste transfer station with the land area of 1500 m2 to collect general industrial waste. The hazardous waste is sent to the hazardous waste and radioactive waste treatment center.
14) Fire-fight plan
It is proposed to construct a level III fire-fight station in the Park with the land area of 3000 m2. The fire-fight water supply is low pressure system, which is supplied by municipal water supply pipeline network, aided by enterprise water supply system.
3.4 Survey on the situation of major industrial pollution sources
According to surveys, the major industrial pollution sources in Pumiao Town are Nanpu paper factory, Huahong Cement Company (Pumiao cement factory) and Pumiao Papermaking factory. The total emission amount of waste water is936.4 thousandm3，which is emitted after meeting requirements in standard. The total emission amount of waste gas is 389850.72 thousandm3，among which 214745 thousandm3 is emitted after meeting requirements in standard and 175105.72 thousandm3 is emitted without meeting requirements in standard.
Refer to table 33 for the waste water emission situation of major industrial pollution sources in assessment area. Refer to attached Diagram 3 (p. 228) for the distribution of pollution sources. In addition, there is a industrial cluster at east of Yongning district, including two industrial park: Bali and Wuhe Overseas Chinese Indusitrial Park.
The plan scope of Bali Industrial Park is from Yongning Water Supply Company, Party School of Yongning district commission of CPC, Pumiao Papermaking Factory on the north to Nali village on the south, from the planned service area of Naning-Lingshan secondary road on the east to Nanyuan-Xinjiang Road, with the total are of 5.52 km2. The Park takes paper, building material, machinery, biological pharmacy, light industry, feed, texture, food process as main industries and construct facilities such as logistics, service, trade and resident, in order to build a good auxiliary industrial park of Naning Wuxiang new area.
Wuhe Overseas Chinese Indusitrial Park with the total land area of 2.74 km2 is located at east of Overseas Chinese forest station with Yongning-changtang road on the north and Liunan express on the east. It takes paper, chemical industry and power supply as main industries and complemented with logistic, service and residential functions, in oder to build a good auxiliary industrial park of Naning Wuxiang new area.
Pumiao Papermaking Factory is located outside Bali Park on the north. Pumiao Papermaking Factory is one of the eight factories directly under Nanning Sugar Manufacturing CO., LTD. It has more than 1200 staffs, including 188 technicians. It passed the ISO 9000 quality system certification in 1998.
Table 33: The waste water emission situation of major industrial pollution sources
|Name of enterprise |emission |emission amount |COD |SS |NH3－N |
| |situation |(×104 m3) |(t/a) |(t/a) |(t/a) |
|1＃ Naluo |southeast by |Approximately 2.5km |Upwind, clean control |TSP、SO2、NO2、PM10|According to relevant |
| |east | |point | |stipulations, the samples |
| | | | | |were collected for five |
| | | | | |consecutive days. Monitoring |
| | | | | |the daily mean concentration |
| | | | | |of TSP、PM10、SO2、NO2,. The |
| | | | | |samples of TSP、PM10 were |
| | | | | |collected for 12 hours |
| | | | | |everyday，The samples of SO2 |
| | | | | |、NO2 were collected for 18 |
| | | | | |hours everyday. Monitoring |
| | | | | |the hourly value of SO2、NO2,|
| | | | | |four times every day |
| | | | | |8：00、12：00、16：00、20：00|
| | | | | |and 45 minutes for each |
| | | | | |sample collection. The |
| | | | | |samples for odorous gas |
| | | | | |concentration were collected |
| | | | | |every two hours for two days |
| | | | | |and four times every day. |
|2# Social welfare |North |Approximately 0.1km |upwind, major |TSP、SO2、NO2、PM10| |
|institute | | |environmentally sensitive |、odorous gas | |
| | | |point | | |
|3# Nanning No. 43 |West |Approximately 0.4km |downwind, major |TSP、SO2、NO2、PM10| |
|Senior School | | |environmentally sensitive | | |
| | | |point | | |
|4＃ Nanning the first |southwest by |Approximately 2.3km |downwind, major | | |
|National Normal |west | |environmentally sensitive | | |
|School(the plannd | | |point | | |
|boundary of WUxiang | | | | | |
|new area) | | | | | |
|5# Namei Village |southwest |Approximately1.6 km |Side downwind, major | | |
| | | |environmentally sensitive | | |
| | | |point | | |
|6# Living area of the |North |Approximately 0.1km |Side-wind, major | | |
|factory | | |environmentally sensitive | | |
| | | |point | | |
|7# Downtown of Pumiao |northwest |Approximately 2.0km |Side downwind, major | | |
|Town | | |environmentally sensitive | | |
| | | |point | | |
4.1.2 Monitoring item and analysis methodmonitoring
According to the situation of project emission situation and regional air pollution, the selected monitoring item are five types which are TSP, SO2、NO2、PM10、 and odorous gas.
Table 35: Monitoring item, analysis method and measured lower limits
|NO. |monitoring item |analysis method |measured lower limits |
|1 |Atmospheric sampling |“Manual methods for ambient air quality monitoring” |/ |
| | |HJ/T194-2005 | |
|2 |sulfur dioxide |Formaldehyde Solution Sampling-pararosaniline |Hourly concentration: 0.007mg/m3 |
| | |Spectrophotometric Method GB/T15262-1994 |(10ml absorption liquid) |
| | | | Daily mean: 0.003 mg/m3 |
| | | |(50ml absorption liquid) |
|3 |Nitrogen dioxide |Saltzman method |Hourly concentration: 0.005mg/m3 |
| | |GB/T15436-1995 |(10ml absorption liquid) |
| | | | Daily mean: 0.002 mg/m3 |
| | | |(50ml absorption liquid) |
|4 |Inhalable particulates |Gravimetric method GB/T15432-1995 |0.001mg/m3 |
|5 |Total suspended |Gravimetric method GB/T15432-1995 |0.001mg/m3 |
| |particulates | | |
|6 |odorous gas |Triangle odor bag method(GB/T14675-93) |—— |
4.1.3 Monitoring period and frequency
Guangxi Chemical Environmental Protection Monitoring Station conducted onsite monitoring for consecutive 5 days from July 6th to 10th 2008. The samples for daily mean concentration of SO2、NO2 were collected for consecutive 12 hours everyday and the samples of TSP、PM10 were collected for consecutive 12 hours everyday. And the hourly value of SO2、NO2 were measured at 8：00、12：00、16：00、20：00 The samples for odorous gas concentration were collected every two hours for two days and four times every day and the highest measured values are collected.
The meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure humidity, wind direction and wind speed were also measured when monitoring.
4.1.4 Assessment standard
The requirements in level II in “Ambient air quality standard (GB 3095－1996)” and level II in “Emission standards for odor pollutants” (GB 14554-1993). Refer to table 35 for the specific limits in standards.
4.1.5 Assessment method
The assessment is conducted with single factor pollution index.
[pic]
In this formula：Pi — the pollution index of pollutant i;
Ci — the measured concentration of pollutant i, mg/m3；
Si —the standard concentration of pollutant i, mg/m3.
When Pi is higher than 1, it means that the concentration of pollutant in air is higher than the concentration in assessment standard and the air is polluted. When Pi is lower than 1, it means that there is still room for this pollutant.
Table 36: Assessment standard for air
|pollutants |Period of value |Concentration limit |
| | |Unit |Level II |
|sulfur dioxide |Annual mean |mg/m3 |0.06 |
| |Daily mean | |0.15 |
| |Hourly mean | |0.50 |
|Nitrogen dioxide |Annual mean |mg/m3 |0.08 |
| |Daily mean | |0.12 |
| |Hourly mean | |0.24 |
|Inhalable particulates |Annual mean |mg/m3 |0.10 |
| |Daily mean | |0.15 |
|Total suspended particulates|Annual mean |mg/m3 |0.20 |
| |Daily mean | |0.30 |
|odorous gas concentration | |no dimension |20 |
4.1.6 Monitoring results and assessment
(1) Weather during monitoring period
The temperature during air monitoring period is 25.4~34℃and the air pressure is 98.20~99.30kPa. Refer to table 37 and table 38 for the situation of surface wind (measured four times a day at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00)
Table 37: The frequency of wind direction during monitoring period unit：time
|direction位 |N |NNE |NE |ENE |E |
|1# Naluo |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007 |＜0.005~0.008 |/ |/ |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.004 |＜0.002~0.006 |0.064~0.123 |0.037~0.088 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
|2# Social |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007~0.010 |＜0.005~0.014 |/ |/ |
|welfare |concentration | | | | |
|institute | | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.005 |＜0.002~0.010 |0.055~0.099 |0.033~0.062 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
|3# Nanning No. |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007~0.054 |＜0.005~0.026 |/ |/ |
|43 Senior School|concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.024 |＜0.002~0.020 |0.063~0.182 |0.048~0.145 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
|4# Nanning the |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007~0.058 |＜0.005~0.023 |/ |/ |
|first National |concentration | | | | |
|Normal School | | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.025 |0.003~0.021 |0.075~0.156 |0.056~0.121 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
|5# Namei |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007~0.038 |＜0.005~0.020 |/ |/ |
|Village |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.014 |0.002~0.015 |0.067~0.100 |0.037~0.072 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
|6# Living area |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007~0.010 |＜0.005~0.014 |/ |/ |
|of the factory |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.007 |＜0.002~0.011 |0.073~0.118 |0.040~0.081 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
|7# Downtown of |Scope of hourly mean |＜0.007~0.012 |＜0.005~0.016 |/ |/ |
|Pumiao Town |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of hourly mean |0 |0 |/ |/ |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
| |Scope of daily mean |＜0.003~0.008 |＜0.002~0.012 |0.080~0.120 |0.051~0.090 |
| |concentration | | | | |
| |Rate of daily mean |0 |0 |0 |0 |
| |concentration higher than limit| | | | |
| |(%) | | | | |
Table 40: Odorous gas monitoring results (no dimension)
|Sampling date |monitoring point |9:00 |11:00 |13:00 |
|1# Naluo |0.020~0.027 |0.017~0.050 |0.213~0.410 |0.247~0.847 |
|2# Social welfare institute |0.020~0.033 |0.017~0.083 |0.183~0.330 |0.220~0.413 |
|3# Nanning No. 43 Senior |0.020~0.160 |0.017~0.167 |0.210~0.607 |0.447~0.967 |
|School | | | | |
|4# Nanning the first National |0.020~0.166 |0.025~0.175 |0.250~0.520 |0.373~0.807 |
|Normal School | | | | |
|5# Namei Village |0.020~0.093 |0.017~0.125 |0.223~0.333 |0.247~0.480 |
|6# Living area of the factory |0.020~0.047 |0.017~0.092 |0.243~0.393 |0.267~0.540 |
|7# Downtown of Pumiao Town |0.020~0.053 |0.017~0.100 |0.267~0.400 |0.340~0.600 |
Sulfur dioxide：The values of hourly mean concentration and daily mean monitoring at seven monitoring points were lower than the limits in national standard. The highest hourly mean concentration which is 0.058mg/m3, 11.6% of the limit in the standard, appeared at Nanning the first National Normal School. The highest daily mean concentration which is 0.025mg/m3,, 16.7% of the limit in the standard, also appeared at Nanning the first National Normal School.
Nitrogen dioxide: the situation is similar to sulfur dioxide. The values of hourly mean concentration and daily mean monitoring at seven monitoring points were lower than the limits in national standard and the measured rate is low. The highest hourly mean concentration which is 0.026mg/m3, 10.8% of the limit in the standard, appeared at Nanning No. 43 Senior School. The highest daily mean concentration which is 0.021mg/m3,, 17.5% of the limit in the standard, also appeared at Nanning the first National Normal School.
Total suspended particulates：The values of daily mean monitoring at seven monitoring points were lower than the limits in national standard. The highest daily mean concentration which is 0.182mg/m3,, 60.7% of the limit in the standard for daily mean concentration of TSP, appeared at Nanning No. 43 Senior School.
Inhalable particulates：The values of daily mean monitoring at seven monitoring points were lower than the limits in national standard. The highest daily mean concentration which is 0.145mg/m3, 96.7% of the limit in the standard for PM10 daily mean concentration, appeared at Nanning No. 43 Senior School. The high value appears at this monitoring point because that Nanning No. 43 Senior School is closed to Yongheng Road which is largely influenced by dust from the road.
Now the technology upgrade has finished, and the annual pulp product capbability has reached 98 thousand tons. The monitoring results show that after technology upgradea, this project does not impose obvious impact on regional air environment. All monitoring factors meet the requirements for level II. Especially that the main wind direction during monitoring period is southeast, and the monitoring factors at Nanning the first National Normal School (the planned boundary of WUxiang new area), Nanning No. 43 Senior School、Pumiao Town at the downwind direction all meet the requirements, indicating that the normal emission of waste gas will not impose large impact on WUxiang new area, Nanning No. 43 Senior School and Pumiao Town.
Odorous gas：The monitoring value at Social welfare institute does not exceed the limit in standard. This monitoring point is largely influenced by odorous gas from waste water treatment station. Odorous gas is monitored when the wind direction is south. Social welfare institute is located at the downwind direction of waste water treatment station. The table of monitoring results shows that the impact of odorous gas from waste water treatment station imposes little impact on Social welfare institute.
It can be seen from the single quality index in table 41, the highest values of sulfur dioxide is the smallest among all the monitoring items, and that of PM10 is the largest, TPS takes the second position with Nitrogen dioxide TSP. therefore the air in the region take PM10 as major pollutant.
4.2 Survey and assement of current surface water quality
4.2.1 Distribution of monitoring sections
This technology upgrade has two waste water emission outlets. The household waste water is emitted to Bachi River through Pangugou after leaving 2# waste water emission outlet Yongjiang River and eventurally enters Yongjiang River. The water emitted tom waste water treatment station directly enters Yongjiang River through waste water pipeline after leaving1# waste water emission outlet. The assement scope of Yongjiang River is from Xinde village to Changtang village with the length of approximately 25 km and six monitoring sections were set up. The assement scope of Bachi River is from Bizi village to the entrance of Bachi River to Yongjiang River with the length of approximately 7 km and three monitoring sections were set up. Meanwhile, one monitoring section was set up at 150 m before Pangugou flowing into Bachi River. Refer to table 42 and attached Diagram 4 (p. 232) for the arrangement situation of each monitoring section.
This technology upgrade project flows through a 3000m-long drain and eventually discharge into Yongjiang River. The monitoring section arrangement was shown in Table 42 and Attached Figure 4.
Table 42: Situation of monitoring sections
|NO. |Name of river |Position of section |Water function |
|1# |Pangugou |150 m before Pangugou flowing into Bachi River |Waste emission channel |
|2# |Bachi River |100m upstream from the incoming mouth of Pangugou |Complying with requirement |
| | | |of level III in |
| | | |“Environmental quality |
| | | |standards for surface water |
| | | |(GB3838-2002)” |
|3# |Bachi River |500m downstream from the incoming mouth of Pangugou | |
|4# |Bachi River |100 m before Bachi River flowing into Yongjiang River | |
|5# |Yongjiang River |100m upstream from the junction of Bachi River andYongjiang | |
| | |River | |
|6# |Yongjiang River |500m downstream from the junction of Bachi River andYongjiang | |
| | |River | |
|7# |Yongjiang River |100m upstream from 1# waste water emission outlet | |
|8# |Yongjiang River |500m downstream from 1# waste water emission outlet | |
|9# |Yongjiang River |1 km downstream from 1# waste water emission outlet | |
|10# |Yongjiang River |5 km downstream from 1# waste water emission outlet | |
4.2.2 Monitoring factors
Monitoring factors：13 items including water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, COD, suspended particulate, , BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, total phosphorus, color degree, surfactant, fecal coliform.
4.2.3 Monitoring period and frequency
Current surface water quality is conducted by Guangxi Chemical Environmental Protection Monitoring Station from July 7th to 9th 2008. The monitoring period for each monitoring section is three days and samples were collected once a day.
4.2.4 Analysis method
The monitoring and analysis method shall comply with the relevant stipulations in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)” issued by State Environment Protection Administration （SEPA）. Refer to table 43 for the analysis method and lowest detection limits of surface water monitoring factors.
Table 43: Analysis method detection limits of surface water quality
|monitoring item |monitoring basis |
| |Method source |detection limits or detection |
| | |accuracy |
|pH value |Glass electrode(GB6920-86) |0.01pH value |
| dissolved oxygen |Iodometry (GB7489-87) |0.2mg/L |
|permanganate index |permanganate titration (GB11892-89) |0.5 mg/L |
| COD, |dichromate titration GB11914-89) |5mg/L |
| suspended particulate, |gravimetric method(GB11901-89) |4mg/L |
|BOD5 |dilution and seeding method (GB7488-87) |2mg/L |
|Ammonia nitrogen |Nessler's reagent colorimetric method (GB7479-87) |0.025mg/L |
|petroleum |infrared spectrophotometry (GB/T16488-1996) |0.1mg/L |
|Total phosphorus |Mo-Sb anti spectrophotometric method (GB11893-89) |0.01mg/L |
|color degree |Standard platinum-cobalt method (GB11903-89) | |
|Anion surfactant |methylene blue spectrophotometric method (GB7494-87) |0.05mg/L |
|fecal coliform |Multi-tube Fermentation Method “Method for water and waste water |/ |
| |monitoring and analysis” (forth version) | |
| |issued by State Environment Protection Administration in 2002 | |
4.2.5 Assessment standard
Pangugou is waste accepting channel without water function. This assessment only lists its monitoring value.
According to water function zoning, the assessment of Yongjiang River uses the requirement of level III water in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”; the assessment of Bachi River uses the requirement of level III water in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”. As of the suspended particulate not enlisted in “Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002)”, refer to “Quality standards for surface water resources” (SL63-94). Refer to table 44 for the content of standards related to this assessment.
Table 44: Standard for surface water quality
|Item |Level Ⅲ |
|pH value (no dimension) |6～9 |
| dissolved oxygen ≥ |5 |
|permanganate index ≤ |6 |
| COD, ≤ |20 |
| suspended particulate, *≤ |30 |
|BOD5 ≤ |4 |
|Ammonia nitrogen≤ |1 |
|petroleum ≤ |0.05 |
|Total phosphorus ≤ |0.2 |
|anion surfactant ≤ |0.2 |
|fecal coliform(piece/L) ≤ |10000 |
*note: suspended particulate takes reference of “Quality standards for surface water resources” (SL63-94)
4.2.6 Assessment method
The assessment is conducted in accordance with the standard index method suggested in“Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment”-surface water (HJ/T2.3). the formulas are:
1) Standard index for general pollutants
Si.j=Ci.j/Csi
In this formula: Si.j——standard index of pollutant i at monitoring point j. the standard index higher than 1 indicates that the water is polluted by this pollutant.
Ci.j——concentration of pollutant i at monitoring point j.
Csi——standard surface water quality in parameter i.
2) standard index for DO
[pic]
[pic]
[pic]
In this formula: SDOi,j──the pollution index of DO;
DOj──the measured concentration value of DO;
DOS──standard water quality in DO;
DOf──maximum concentration value of DO under the temperature of T.
3) standard index for single factor of pH
[pic] pHj≤7.0
[pic] pHj＞7.0
In this formula: SpH.j：single factor of pH；
pHj: monitored pH value at monitoring point j
pHsd：the lowest pH value in surface water quality standard;
pHsg：the highest pH value in surface water quality standard.
The smaller of Si value, the better of the water quality. When Si is higher than 1, the water factor exceeds the limits in standard and can not meet the requirement of environmental function zoning.
4.2.7 Monitoring and assessment results
Refer to table 45 to table 54 for the statistics results of current water quality monitoring.
Table 45: Statistics and assessment of monitoring results for #1 monitoring section unit: mg/L(excluding pH value，color degree)
|No. |Item |Monitoring period |Rate of value out of |Largest times of value|Si，j |
| | | |limit (％) |out of limit | |
| | |2008.7.7 |2008.7.8 |2008.7.9 | | | |
|1 |Water temperature ℃ |29.1 |27.6 |27.8 |—— |—— |—— |
|2 |pH value |7.84 |6.86 |7.02 |—— |—— |—— |
|3 | dissolved oxygen |1.1 |1.1 |1.1 |—— |—— |—— |
|4 |permanganate index |13.7 |12.4 |12.7 |—— |—— |—— |
|5 |COD |129 |61 |73 |—— |—— |—— |
|6 | suspended particulate, |16 |17 |16 |—— |—— |—— |
|7 |BOD |41 |24 |30 |—— |—— |—— |
|8 |Ammonia nitrogen |2.58 |1.68 |1.92 |—— |—— |—— |
|9 |petroleum |0.82 |0.90 |0.76 |—— |—— |—— |
|10 |Total phosphorus |0.21 |0.18 |0.18 |—— |—— |—— |
|11 |color degree(number) |32 |32 |32 |—— |—— |—— |
|12 |anion surfactant |0.32 |0.34 |0.32 |—— |—— |—— |
|13 |fecal coliform |7300 |8200 |6900 |—— |—— |—— |
Table 46: Statistics and assessment of monitoring results for #2 monitoring section unit: mg/L(excluding pH value，color degree)
|No. |Item |Monitoring period |Rate of value |Largest times of value |Si，j |
| | | |out of limit ( |out of limit | |
| | | |％) | | |
| | |2008.7.7 |2008.7.8 |2008.7.9 | | | |
|1 |Water temperature ℃ |29.2 |27.6 |27.8 |—— |—— |—— |
|2 |pH value |7.50 |7.05 |7.25 |—— |—— |0.03~0.25 |
|3 | dissolved oxygen |6.1 |5.3 |5.6 |—— |—— |0.59~0.90 |
|4 |permanganate index |4.8 |5.8 |5.2 |—— |—— |0.80~0.97 |
|5 |COD |18 |16 |15 |—— |—— |0.75~0.90 |
|6 | suspended particulate, |15 |16 |15 |—— |—— |0.50~0.53 |
|7 |BOD |12 |13 |13 |100 |2.25 |3.00~3.25 |
|8 |Ammonia nitrogen |0.447 |0.496 |0.450 |—— |—— |0.45~0.50 |
|9 |petroleum |0.06 |0.07 |0.06 |100 |0.4 |1.20~1.40 |
|10 |Total phosphorus |0.23 |0.31 |0.28 |100 |0.55 |1.15~1.55 |
|11 |color degree(number) |8 |16 |8 |—— |—— |—— |
|12 |anion surfactant |0.19 |0.19 |0.15 |—— |—— |0.75~0.95 |
|13 |fecal coliform |1210 |1190 |1270 |—— |—— |0.12~0.13 |
Table 47: Statistics and assessment of monitoring results for #3 monitoring section unit: mg/L(excluding pH value，color degree)
|No. |Item |Monitoring period |Rate of value|Largest times of |Si，j |
| | | |out of limit |value out of limit | |
| | | |(％) | | |
| | |2008.7.7 |2008.7.8 |2008.7.9 | | | |
|1 |Water temperature ℃ |29.1 |27.6 |27.7 |—— |—— |—— |
|2 |pH value |7.23 |7.25 |7.30 |—— |—— |0.12~0.15 |
|3 | dissolved oxygen |5.0 |5.4 |5.2 |—— |—— |0.86~1.00 |
|4 |permanganate index |5.5 |5.2 |6.3 |33.3 |0.05 |0.87~1.05 |
|5 |COD |41 |39 |46 |100 |1.3 |1.95~2.30 |
|6 | suspended particulate, |12 |15 |16 |—— |—— |0.40~0.53 |
|7 |BOD |15 |14 |15 |100 |2.75 |3.50~3.75 |
|8 |Ammonia nitrogen |0.429 |0.453 |0.417 |—— |—— |0.42~0.45 |
|9 |petroleum |0.21 |0.19 |0.23 |100 |3.6 |3.80~4.60 |
|10 |Total phosphorus |0.13 |0.16 |0.11 |—— |—— |0.55~0.80 |
|11 |color degree(number) |14 |19 |13 |—— |—— |—— |
|12 |anion surfactant |0.18 |0.19 |0.17 |—— |—— |0.85~0.95 |
|13 |fecal coliform |5140 |5390 |5030 |—— |—— |0.50~0.54 |
Table 48: Statistics and assessment of monitoring results for #4 monitoring section unit: mg/L(excluding pH value，color degree)
|No. |Item |Monitoring period |Rate of value out|Largest times of |Si，j |
| | | |of limit (％) |value out of | |
| | | | |limit | |
| | |2008.7.7 |2008.7.8 |2008.7.9 | | | |
|1 |Water temperature ℃ |29.9 |27.8 |27.9 |—— |—— |—— |
|2 |pH value |7.43 |7.09 |7.31 |—— |—— |0.05~0.22 |
|3 | dissolved oxygen |5.1 |5.3 |5.8 |—— |—— |0.72~0.96 |
|4 |permanganate index |6.1 |6.1 |6.2 |100 |0.03 |1.02~1.03 |
|5 |COD |19 |18 |18 |—— |—— |0.90~0.95 |
|6 | suspended particulate, |13 |12 |13 |—— |—— |0.40~0.43 |
|7 |BOD |3 |2 |3 |—— |—— |0.50~0.75 |
|8 |Ammonia nitrogen |0.452 |0.303 |0.362 |—— |—— |0.30~0.45 |
|9 |petroleum |0.14 |0.15 |0.17 |100 |2.40 |2.80~3.40 |
|10 |Total phosphorus |0.05 |0.05 |0.06 |—— |—— |0.25~0.30 |
|11 |color degree(number) |4 |4 |4 |—— |—— |—— |
|12 |anion surfactant |0.07 |0.06 |0.09 |—— |—— |0.30~0.45 |
|13 |fecal coliform |2730 |2610 |2350 |—— |—— |0.24~0.27 |
Table 49: Statistics and assessment of monitoring results for #5 monitoring section unit: mg/L(excluding pH value，color degree)
|No. |Item |Monitoring period |Rate of value out|Largest times of |Si，j |
| | | |of limit (％) |value out of | |
| | | | |limit超标倍数 | |
| | |2008.7.7 |2008.7.8 |2008.7.9 | | | |
|1 |Water temperature ℃ |29.3 |28.8 |27.9 |—— |—— |—— |
|2 |pH value |7.74 |7.26 |7.50 |—— |—— |0.13~0.37 |
|3 | dissolved oxygen |5.9 |5.9 |5.8 |—— |—— |0.66~0.72 |
|4 |permanganate index |2.6 |2.6 |2.5 |—— |—— |0.42~0.43 |
|5 |COD |7 |6 |6 |—— |—— |0.30~0.35 |
|6 | suspended particulate, |13 |12 |12 |—— |—— |0.40~0.43 |
|7 |BOD |2L |2L |2L |—— |—— | ................
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