High School Quizbowl Packet Archive

 2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 19 – Tossups1. Claude Debussy used double harmonic scales in the second movement of Estampes (ess-TOMP), which follows an Indonesian-inspired movement and evokes music from this other country. Pizzicato strings and harp in 6/8 time open the orchestrated version of the fourth movement of Maurice Ravel’s Miroirs (meer-WAHR) suite, which imitates music from this country. Impressions of this country inspired the second part of Debussy’s Images for orchestra, which itself has three sections. Many pieces imitating this country’s music use a “dotted eighth, sixteenth, eighth, eighth” note ostinato. A rhapsody titled for this country by Emmanuel Chabrier (shah-bree-AY) opens by imitating a strumming guitar. A snare drum ostinato opens a repetitive piece by Ravel inspired by a dance from this country. For 10 points, name this country that inspired Ravel’s Boléro and Rapsodie espagnole.ANSWER: Spain [or Espa?a]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Shan Kothari>2. A.?arenaria was first introduced to the west coast in order to stabilize these structures. Exposure in the vegetative skins of these features can result in blowout formations. The endangered species Sceloporus arenicolus is commonly named for these features. Heathlands are climax communities that begin with marram grass growing on these structures. Zibars are “longitudinal” example of these geological features that lack discernible slip faces. Surface creep and aeolian saltation are two processes that help form them, and one crescent shaped example of these features has an angle of repose of approximately 30 degrees. They are commonly found in flat areas called ergs. For 10 points, name these large hill-like accumulations of sand.ANSWER: sand dunes [prompt on sand; prompt on beach; prompt on sandbar]<The above question is for the category Science Earth Science and was written by Eric Mukherjee>3. In a novel from this country, an elderly woman declares her interest in eliminating woodworm from furniture, and that woman’s anthropologist son becomes the love interest of the spinster protagonist. In another novel from this country, an aristocratic girl is ostracized for becoming engaged to her freshly widowed uncle, who is nicknamed the “Lecherous Lecturer.” A woman complains about having seen “something nasty in the woodshed” in a novel from this country about Flora Poste, who visits her relatives, the Starkadders, in the countryside. The James Tait Black Memorial Prize is awarded in this setting of the novels Excellent Women and Love in a Cold Climate by Barbara Pym and Nancy Mitford, respectively. For 10 points, name this setting of Stella Gibbons’s Cold Comfort Farm, which takes place in Sussex.ANSWER: England [or the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; or the UK]<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Shan Kothari>4. In 2015, protesters against this man chanted “Put some fingers on those hands! Give us work by Paul Gauguin!” (go-GAN) to protest the overabundance of his paintings; those protesters claimed that this man “sucks at painting.” A painting by this man shows a woman in a pink dress looking down as a bearded man in blue leads her in the title Dance at Bougival. This artist painted a girl in a blue dress holding a stick and the title toy in Girl with Hoop, and he painted any ivy-climbed metal railing behind the title girls wearing floral-decorated hats in his Two Sisters. In a painting by this artist, an orange-and-white striped awning is behind a group of diners, some wearing straw hats. For 10 points, name this impressionist artist of The Luncheon of the Boating Party.ANSWER: Pierre-Auguste Renoir (run-WAHR)<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>5. Hannah Arendt analyzed this section of text in terms of the subjection of political action to contemplation. In The Essence of Truth, Martin Heidegger argued that this passage marked a switch from conceiving truth us “unconcealment” to “correctness.” The speaker in this section refers to it later when defining the role of guardians of the polis from ages 35 to 50. This passage builds on an analogy of the sun as a “child of goodness” and follows the Analogy of the Divided Line. In dialogue with Glaucon, its speaker imagines a man first being blinded, but finally being able to see the world and its Forms as they are. For 10 points, identify this metaphor by Socrates in Plato’s Republic about people watching shadows in a subterranean chamber.ANSWER: Allegory of the Cave<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>6. One man with this name was a neighbor and colleague of Samuel Pepys, who compared him to a “counterfeit rogue” and “false knave” in a diary entry. Another man of this name was arrested with William Mead after deliberately defying the Conventicle Act and authored the pamphlets Truth Exalted and The Sandy Foundation Shaken. With Robert Venables, a man of this name was sent to the Tower of London by Oliver Cromwell for capturing Jamaica instead of Hispaniola. A man of this name signed a peace treaty with the Lenape (leh-NAH-pay) tribe that forms the subject of a Benjamin West painting. That man earlier befriended George Fox and parlayed the Crown’s debt to his father into land for Fox’s followers. For 10 points, give this name of a Royal Navy admiral and his son, an English landowner who founded a North American colony for Quakers.ANSWER: William Penn<The above question is for the category History American (pre-1865) and was written by Nitin Rao>7. A character in this novel begins to act out resentments toward her husband by spitting in his glass and threatening to use her friend’s urine the next time. Near the end of this novel, Adam undergoes a circumcision and scarring ritual in solidarity with the native African girl Tashi. A character in this novel has to spend twelve years working as a maid for the mayor after responding “hell no” to Miss Millie. Characters in this novel make a quilt out of curtains torn apart during a fight between Sofia and Harpo. The missionaries Samuel and Corinne adopt the children that Alphonso fathers in this novel, during which Nettie’s survival becomes apparent to a woman who is fascinated with Shug Avery. For 10 points, name this epistolary novel about Celie’s unhappy childhood and marriage, written by Alice Walker.ANSWER: The Color Purple<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>8. Trypanosoma cruzi uses LAMP2 on these organelles for host invasion. The filipin test detects deficiency in a lipid transporter in the membrane of these organelles that inhibits ebola virus entry but also results in devastating cholesterol accumulation. Multilamellar myelinoid inclusions called zebra bodies appear in these organelles in alpha-gal A deficiency. Imiglucerase, or Cerezyme, replaces a defective enzyme in this organelle that causes tissue paper macrophages. GM2A presents gangliosides to an enzyme in these organelles. Late endosomes fuse with these organelles and deliver mannose-6-phosphate receptors carrying hydrolases like hexosaminidase A, which is deficient in Tay-Sachs. For 10 points, name these acidic hydrolytic organelles.ANSWER: lysosomes [or multi-vesicular bodies; or late endosomes until it is read; prompt on vesicles] <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>9. The Babylonian Talmud attributes this man’s death, like Nimrod’s, to a fly entering his nose and devouring his brain for seven years. During this man’s inaugural games, wooden balls were thrown into the crowd of spectators inscribed with redemption coupons for gold and slaves. This man divorced his wife Marcia Furnilla because her uncle Barea Soranus became a martyr of the Stoic Opposition. This ruler faced a rebellion led by the lute-playing Terentius Maximus, who claimed he was Nero. Upon assuming the throne, this emperor abandoned his affair with Berenice, the daughter of King Herod Agrippa I.This emperor’s namesake arch commemorates his destruction of the Second Temple during the Great Jewish Revolt. For 10 points, name this son of Vespasian who preceded his younger brother Domitian.ANSWER: Titus [Titus Flavius Vespasianus; do not prompt on “Vespasian”]<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Nitin Rao>10. The former head of this company dated a violinist who was once insulted by T.?J.?Miller at the Crunchie Awards. In 2017, an employee of this company sent an email saying he would “not even utter the name” of Donald Trump because he did not accept him as his leader. A head of this company was filmed telling an employee that “some people don’t like to take responsibility for their own shit,” and he later apologized and said he needed to “fundamentally change as a leader and grow up.” Dara Khosrowshahi (doh-ROH KOHSS-rao-SHAH-hee) promised to change this company’s culture in 2018. A former engineer at this company, Susan Fowler, accused it of being riddled with sexism, and a Twitter campaign urged users to “delete” this company and choose its competitor, Lyft. For 10 points, name this controversial ride-sharing company.ANSWER: Uber Technologies Inc.<The above question is for the category Current Events US and was written by Mike Cheyne>11. Geraldus Cambrensis records that the Tyrconnell kingdom consecrated its monarch’s reign by having him have sex with one of these animals, boil it, and eat it with only his mouth. Georges Dumézil argued that the range of the sacrifice of this animal suggests it was a rite of the Indo-Europeans. In a ritual which is banned in the Kali Yuga, this animal was allowed to roam for a year and was sacrificed by the re-legitimized king if it was not captured by the end. James Frazer and the Cambridge Ritualists thought that when sacrificed this animal manifested the “corn spirit” in Roman society, where denizens fought for the right to display its sacrificed head and the tail was sprinkled on the sacred fire. For 10 points, name this animal that was sacrificed in the Vedic Ashvamedha (ash-vuh-MED-huh) ritual and in Rome at the “equus October.”ANSWER: horses<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>12. During a plebiscite over this set of programs, separate voting booths were set up for “yes” and “no” voters to publicly enter. This set of initiatives targeted the elite “Thousand Families” and included the nationalization of forests and a proposal for worker profit-sharing. This initiative broke up the “vaqf” system and created 2.5 million new landowners and a very popular Literacy Corps. The 15 Khordad protests opposed this set of initiatives, and an attempt to suppress criticism of this program led to the storming of the Fay?iyyeh Madrasah in Qom and the development of the “velāyat-e faqīh” doctrine. The women’s rights and secularization portions of this initiative were strongly opposed by the ayatollahs. For 10 points, name this 1963 program launched by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to modernize Iran.ANSWER: White Revolution [or Enqelāb-e Sefid; prompt on narrative answers such as the Shah modernizing Iran]<The above question is for the category History World and was written by Penelope Ashe>13. The corrosion of gyros on this device led to the adoption of pressurized nitrogen instead of oxygen for suspension fluid. One project carried out with this device was entitled CANDELS. A system of mirrors called COSTAR replaced some of this tool’s instruments. Its successor is named after James Webb. This instrument captured its namesake Deep Field, Ultra Deep Field, and Extreme Deep Field. This instrument captured high-resolution images of Shoemaker-Levy 9’s collision with Jupiter. Photographs taken by this device for its first three years in operation were out of focus due to an aberration with a mirror. It is named after the discoverer of galaxies similar to ours. For 10 points, name this space telescope.ANSWER: Hubble Space Telescope [or HST]<The above question is for the category Science Astronomy and was written by Eric Mukherjee>14. A character in this play stews up a concoction to give Diana the dog an abortion. A character in this play reveals he snuck into a garden to stare at the title woman from a pile of weeds. In this play, the title character’s father, The Count, never appears, but his boots are always present. A character in this play yells “kill me too… you who can butcher an innocent bird without a tremble” after her pet canary is beheaded with a butcher’s knife. This play, which its author explained was strongly influenced by Darwinism, ends as the title character is convinced to kill herself with a shaving razor. For 10 points, name this play about the valet Jean’s relationship with the title woman, by August Strindberg.ANSWER: Miss Julie [or Fr?ken Julie]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by John Marvin>15. Ovid describes how this hero used a spear to pin a monster to a tree, causing that oak to break under its weight. The account of Apollodorus differs from that of Homer’s in suggesting that Amphion and Zethus enhanced rather than carried out an achievement of this man. Late in his life, this man and his wife were turned into serpents. This man led a group of five “Spartoi” who emerged after he sowed the teeth of a dragon he had killed. At Delphi, this man was told to forget about his abducted sister Europa and follow a bull with the sign of a moon on its flank which he was to follow until it collapsed. A cursed necklace was given to this man’s wife Harmonia at their wedding. For 10 points, identify this founder of Thebes.ANSWER: Cadmus<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Daoud Jackson>16. A recent line of research that builds from Per Martin-L?f’s (PAIR martin-LUFF’s) “intuitionistic” theory of these things tries to use them for the “univalent foundations” of mathematics by extending the notion of homotopy to them; that theory of these things has been put forth by Vladimir Voevodsky (voy-eh-VOD-skee). The lambda calculus without these things can be thought of as really being the lambda calculus with only one of these things. One can convert an object from one of these things to another using a double equals sign in Javascript, known as “coercion.” Programming languages that check these things at compile-time or runtime are classified as having “static” or “dynamic” kinds of these things, respectively. For 10 points, name this classification that identifies what kind of data is represented by a value, such as “float,” “real,” or “boolean” (BOO-lee-in).ANSWER: types [or data types; or type theory; or type system; or typed; or typing]<The above question is for the category Science Computer Science and was written by John Marvin>17. One of these two people charmed the other by using the phrase “we authors” to indicate a common bond. Upon one of these people’s death, the other sent primroses to the funeral, an action that give the Primrose League its name. A law championed by one of these people led the younger one to sign letters using the Latin initials “R&I.” In speaking to Matthew Arnold, one of these people explained his relationship with the other as laying flattery on “with a trowel.” The older of these people introduced the Royal Titles Act to please the younger one. One of these two people had a more fractious relationship with the other’s rival, the leader of the Liberal Party. For 10 points, name these two British leaders, a Conservative prime minister of Jewish descent and his queen.ANSWER: Benjamin Disraeli AND Queen Victoria [accept Alexandrina Victoria in place of “Victoria”; accept in either order]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Mike Cheyne>18. A building of this type was designed in three concentric square rings, with the outer ring made of load-bearing red brick and the innermost ring being a central atrium with four large circular holes in its concrete walls, revealing the different floors of the middle ring. Another building of this type features bright red hallways and yellow illuminated escalators to distinguish from its typical blue palette. Louis Kahn designed one of these buildings for Phillips Exeter Academy, and Rem Koolhaas designed an oddly-shaped one with a glass exterior in Seattle. The firm of McKim, Mead and White designed these buildings for the cities of Boston and New York, in the latter case flanking the main entrance with statues of lions. For 10 points, name these structures for housing books.ANSWER: library [or libraries]<The above question is for the category Arts Architecture and was written by John Marvin>19. This adjective appears in the title of a book which discusses the conflict between “moral-god” and “river-god” in Huckleberry Finn , claims that the Kinsey Report reduced sexuality from a “social” to a “physical fact,” and ends with “The Meaning of a Literary Idea.” George Dangerfield argued that the confluence of four “great rebellions” in the early 1910s led to the “strange death” of this kind of “England,” and Lionel Trilling’s essay collection is titled for this kind of “imagination.” This word describes a political approach based on empathy and incrementalism that needs no philosophical foundation, according to Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity by Richard Rorty. For 10 points, give this term describing political parties committed to “classical” ideals of the Enlightenment such as the governing parties of Australia and Canada.ANSWER: liberal [or liberalism]<The above question is for the category Social Science Social Criticism and was written by Penelope Ashe>20. This man designs a trap for the King of the Ravens, who is forced to watch corn grow but ultimately killed by this man’s rival, the inventor of dice games Pau-Puk-Keewis. This character uses a magic canoe that moves without paddles but does get stuck on a sandbar until Kwasind assists. This character is told by a woodpecker that he can fire arrows directly at the top of Pearl-Feather’s head. This conqueror of the fish-god Mishe-Nahma invents reading and writing after he is born to the west wind Mudjekeewis and Wenonah, the daughter of Nokomis, near “Gitchee Gumee” or Lake Superior. For 10 points, name this husband of Minnehaha and protagonist of a “song” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.ANSWER: Hiawatha<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>Extra. This author described meeting a “worthy clerk,” ‘whose rhetoric so sweet” illuminated all of poetry. Some scholars believe this author was present at the wedding of the Duke of Clarence and Violante Visconti, at which he may have met two of his chief influences. This author drew upon an earlier Italian book when writing his Legend of Good Women. This author adapted Boccaccio’s (bo-KAH-cho’s) Teseida to write a story in which Emily’s love is battled for by Palamon and Arcite. This author may have been influenced by Italian humanism while serving in the court of King Edward III, and he imitated one of Petrarch’s sonnets in his poem Troilus and Criseyde. For 10 points, name this author whose continental influences are clear in the Clerk’s and Knight’s Tales, two of his Canterbury Tales. ANSWER: Geoffrey Chaucer<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Joseph Krol>2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 19 – Bonuses1. These people believed that a group of three daughters including Al-Uzza and Manat were important patrons of love, fertility, and fate. For 10 points each:[10] Name this cultural group whose mythology also included Hubal, an idol of the Quraysh (koo-RYE-ish) tribe.ANSWER: pre-Islamic Arabs [or Meccans][10] The worship of Hubal involved belomancy, the practice of divination by throwing or shooting these items with questions tied to them.ANSWER: arrows[10] This object was believed by the pre-Islamic Arabs to be the “right hand” of the god al-Rahman. It is currently kissed in the Istilam ritual as part of the hajj.ANSWER: the black stone of the Kaaba [or al-?ajaru al-Aswad]<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Penelope Ashe>2. While in Argentina, the protagonist of this book writes letters to his friends and family claiming that all Germans in Buenos Aires are all soccer players, psychoanalysts, or cigarette girls. For 10 points each:[10] Name this verse novel by Anne Carson that loosely adapts fragments by Stesichorus (STESS-ih-KOR-us) to tell of a romance between Geryon and Herakles.ANSWER: Autobiography of Red[10] In Autobiography of Red, Herakles and Ancash’s quest to record the sounds of volcanoes was inspired by a poem by this writer that ends “The only secret people keep / Is Immortality.” She also wrote that “Hope is the thing with feathers.”ANSWER: Emily Dickinson[10] The introduction to Autobiography of Red notes that Stesichorus came “after Homer and before” this poet, which was “a difficult interval for a poet.” She wrote Tender Buttons.ANSWER: Gertrude Stein<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Shan Kothari>3. The optic nerve can be negatively affected by pressure from pituitary tumors, causing tunnel vision. For 10 points each:[10] This occurs because the pituitary gland is right next to this structure in which parts of the optic nerve cross the midline to create the two optic tracts.ANSWER: optic chiasm[10] The optic nerve runs information to the brain that is gathered by this part of the eye. Bipolar and amacrine cells are found in this structure, which also contains the macula and the fovea (FO-vee-uh). ANSWER: retina[10] The optic nerve runs to this nucleus in the thalamus, which has six layers. The first two layers of this structure takes magnocellular inputs.ANSWER: lateral geniculate nucleus [or LGN]<The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Eric Mukherjee>4. Golden neck rings known as torcs were found in the “Vix” (vee) example of these things, discovered in 1930 near the river Seine (sen), which are an important Bronze Age site. For 10 points each:[10] Name these places where ancient cultures often buried objects that were believed to be of use in the afterlife.ANSWER: graves [or tombs][10] The items from the Vix Graves overlap the end of the Hallstatt culture and the early periods of this archaeological culture, named for a site beside Lake Neuch?tel (new-shah-TELL).ANSWER: La Tene culture[10] The most famous artifact found in the Vix Graves was the largest bronze example of these Grecian mixing vessels, which were used at a symposium to dilute wine with water.ANSWER: krater [or crater]<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Daoud Jackson>5. Borders in this town are marked by stone lines with white crosses on every other stone. For 10 points each:[10] Name this town. Since the treaty of Maastricht, it contains a series of complex Belgian exclaves and Dutch counter-exclaves, with some of them only building-sized.ANSWER: Baarle (BAR-luh) [or Baarle-Hertog; or Baarle-Nassau][10] Thanks to this agreement, the Baarle borders are only a hassle for residents, and one can walk between countries without controls. Though Switzerland is not part of the EU, it is part of this agreement, which allows people to freely cross borders within its namesake “area.”ANSWER: Schengen Agreement[10] A notable absence in the Schengen area is this microstate between France and Spain, the only of the European microstates to retain border controls and not have de facto open borders. It is jointly ruled by a Spanish bishop and the French President.ANSWER: Andorra<The above question is for the category Geography Europe and was written by John Marvin>6. This man’s son described him as a “clever, disappointed man,” who, though he introduced his son to poetry, was ultimately frustrated by his job as an English teacher in Wales. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this man. He inspired a poem that describes how this person’s “blind eyes could blaze like meteors.”ANSWER: Dylan Thomas’s father [or David John Thomas; prompt on Thomas][10] That poem, “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night,” is in this poetic form of nineteen lines, typically including two refrains. “One Art,” by Elizabeth Bishop, is also in this form.ANSWER: villanelle[10] Another Thomas poem opines that this entity “shall have no dominion.” A Yeats (YATES) poem opening “I know that I shall meet my fate” is titled for an Irish airman who foresees this thing.ANSWER: his death<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Joseph Krol>7. The Isihara–Hadwiger formula allows one to calculate this value for any hard convex body. For 10 points each:[10] Name this value that can be solved for by integrating over the Mayer f-function. It describes deviation from the ideal gas law due to pairwise potential.ANSWER: second virial coefficient [prompt on virial coefficient; do not accept or prompt on “virial” as that is a different quantity][10] The second virial coefficient goes to zero at a temperature named for this man. According to this man’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional under constant temperature for an ideal gas.ANSWER: Robert Boyle[10] For the van der Waals equation of state, the second virial coefficient can be expressed in terms of a and b. This cubic equation of state further modifies the a and b parameters and predicts a critical compressibility factor of one-third.ANSWER: Redlich–Kwong equation of state<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Paul Lee>8. J.?P.?Morgan strongly advocated hiring this baritone as a soloist in order to integrate St. George’s Episcopal Church, leading to this man’s signature performance of Fauré’s “The Palms” on every Palm Sunday. For 10 points each:[10] Name this American singer, composer, and vocal coach who created Six Plantation Melodies for Violin and Piano and hymns such as “In Christ There Is No East or West” while transmitting black musical traditions at the National Conservatory.ANSWER: Harry Burleigh [or Henry Thacker Burleigh][10] Burleigh transmitted several of this kind of song, which were often recorded by the Fisk Jubilee Singers and include “Wade in the Water” and “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.”ANSWER: spirituals[10] This composer, then the director of the National Conservatory, encountered Burleigh singing while working as a maintenance man at the Conservatory to pay his tuition, and adapted several of his songs in his symphony From the New World.ANSWER: Antonín Dvo?ák [Antonín Leopold Dvo?ák]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Penelope Ashe>9. On several occasion, Polish commanders were inspired by Venice to carry out ceremonies of “Marriage to the Sea.” For 10 points each:[10] Jozef Haller carried out a “Marriage to the Sea” at Puck in Pomerania, which was granted to Poland by this treaty signed with Germany following World War I.ANSWER: Treaty of Versailles[10] A “Marriage to the Sea” ceremony during World War II was carried out at Kolberg, which was the subject of a Nazi propaganda film about its defense during this conflict. The prolonged siege of Kolberg during this conflict was lifted by the Treaty of Tilsit.ANSWER: Napoleonic Wars [or War of the Fourth Coalition][10] In 1945, members of these Polish light cavalry units performed marriages to the sea on horseback at Mrze?yno (murr-ZHEZH-no). By the time of World War II, they were armed with rifles rather than their typical lances.ANSWER: uhlan [or uhlans]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>10. Lynn Thorndike wrote an eight-volume treatise on the relationship between this practice and experimental science. For 10 points each:[10] Name this practice which Giovanni Pico della Mirandola linked with Kabbalah and advocated as a means to achieve union with God. Pico’s Oration on the Dignity of Man contrasts a beneficial form of this practice with the harmful goetia.ANSWER: magic [or magia; or theurgy; prompt on “summoning demons” or similar answers][10] Another major trend in Renaissance humanism was the revival of Epicureanism, spurred in part by Poggio Bracciolini’s rediscovery of this Roman philosopher’s poem On the Nature of Things.ANSWER: Lucretius[10] This philosopher rejected the use of magic because of its emphasis on individual skill and individual gains. He dismissed four “idols” and promoted empirical science in his Novum Organum.ANSWER: Francis Bacon<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>11. In the so-called “Octopus” aria, one of this composer’s characters seems to describe the infamous artwork The Dream of The Fisherman’s Wife. For 10 points each:[10] Name the operatic composer, whose works include L’amico Fritz and the aforementioned Iris.ANSWER: Pietro Mascagni (mah-SKAHN-yee)[10] Mascagni is by far best known for composing this classic verismo opera, which is often performed on a “Cav-Pag” double-bill with Leoncavallo’s I Pagliacci (EE pall-YAH-chee). It also includes a celebrated intermezzo.ANSWER: Cavalleria Rusticana [or Rustic Chivalry][10] After returning from the army, this protagonist of Cavalleria Rusticana sleeps with Santuzza, which leads to him being killed by Alfio in a duel.ANSWER: Turiddù<The above question is for the category Arts Opera and was written by Joseph Krol>12. This program produced the American Guide series, a collection of guides to the states. For 10 points each:[10] Name this program of the Works Progress Administration, which put authors to work, producing things like the aforementioned guidebooks or oral histories of slavery by talking to still-living former slaves.ANSWER: Federal Writers’ Project [or FWP][10] The Works Progress Administration was part of this much broader FDR program fighting the Great Depression.ANSWER: New Deal[10] The Federal Writers’ Project was a frequent target of Congressman Martin Dies, the chair of this investigative committee, which in a revived form, later heard testimony from men like Whittaker Chambers.ANSWER: HUAC [or House Un-American Activities Committee or Special Committee on Un-American Activities]<The above question is for the category History American (1865-1945) and was written by Mike Cheyne>13. In this technique, intermittent contact mode can be used to reduce lateral forces on the scanning tip. For 10 points each:[10] Name this technique where a very sharp tip is dragged across a surface to image its topography.ANSWER: atomic force microscopy [or AFM][10] One variant of atomic force microscopy measures the variation in work function across a surface and is usually named after this scientist. An equation named for this scientist describes the vapour pressure changes at a curved interface.ANSWER: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin [or William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin][10] A limitation of non-contact atomic force microscopy is that it must take place in one of these environments. Interstellar space is a near perfect one of these environments, while a relatively weak one can be created by pumping out air from a bell jar.ANSWER: vacuum<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Ewan MacAulay>14. This painter’s The Ice Hole depicts an opening carved out of a frozen lake in Maine. For 10 points each:[10] Name this modernist painter who wanted to be the “official portrait painter” of Mount Katahdin. He also painted Lobster Fishermen.ANSWER: Marsden Hartley[10] This painter depicted villagers skating on the ice as the title figures run in the foreground of Hunters in the Snow. He also painted Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.ANSWER: Pieter Bruegel the Elder [prompt on Bruegel (BROY-gull or BRUH-hull)][10] In this artist’s Sea of Ice, a ship can be seen keeled over to the right amidst the cracked sheet. He also painted Two Men Contemplating the Moon.ANSWER: Caspar David Friedrich<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>15. Since the person entrusted with erasing a manuscript of this author’s plays apparently got tired halfway through, his plays beginning with letters towards the start of the alphabet are worse-preserved than those later in the alphabet. For 10 points each:[10] Name this early Roman comic playwright, who wrote The Pot of Gold and Menaechmi, both including large numbers of stock characters. ANSWER: Titus Maccius Plautus[10] One of Plautus’s comedies is titled for an overconfident member of this profession called Pyrgopolynices (PEER-go-poly-NEE-seez), who ends up being beaten towards the end of that play after he keeps Philocomasium (FYE-lo-ko-MAH-see-um) imprisoned in his house.ANSWER: Braggart Soldier [or miles gloriosus][10] This other play by Plautus centres on the pimp Labrax, who ends up accidentally delivering a slave prostitute to her own father. It also features a delusional fisherman, who intends to found a city in his own name after catching a large trunk in his net. ANSWER: Rope [or Rudens]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Joseph Krol>16. This heresy spread widely thanks to a series of evidently catchy songs that were popular with sailors. For 10 points each:[10] Name this heretical Christology, formulated by an Alexandrian preacher, which claims that the Son of God was begotten within time, and is subordinate to God the Father.ANSWER: Arianism[10] Arianism stands in contrast to this orthodox doctrine of God, which states that the Godhead is composed of three equal, eternal, and distinct hypostases or “persons,” sharing one unified “ousia” or “essence.”ANSWER: the Trinity [or Trinitarianism][10] This monophysite, heretical Christology affirmed that Christ was of two natures, but no longer in two natures, postulating that his divine nature subsumed his human nature like a drop of vinegar in the ocean. It was explicitly rejected by the Council of Chalcedon.ANSWER: Eutychianism<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>17. This book identifies four additional puzzles to its title, including “missing information,” “political awareness,” and “legal failure.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this 2000 book by economist Hernando de Soto which advocates creating strong property rights regimes for the poor in order to bring the benefits of modern economic systems to the Third World.ANSWER: The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else[10] The fifth mystery identified by de Soto is the lack of global awareness of this common field of study, which de Soto says must be understood to comprehend how capitalism developed within it. Frederick Jackson Turner wrote about “the significance of the frontier” in this thing, which is studied by Eric Foner and Howard Zinn.ANSWER: American history [or US history; prompt on history][10] A critique by de Soto of this 2013 book notes that its statistics leave out the informal economy that dominates in 90?percent of the world and claims that the Arab Spring was in part a “revolt” against weak protections of property rights for the poor. This book proposes a crisis arising when r is greater than g.ANSWER: Capital in the Twenty-First Century<The above question is for the category Social Science Economics and was written by Penelope Ashe>18. Africa’s first peaceful democratic transfer of power occurred in this country, when Aden Adde lost the 1967 presidential elections to Abdirashid Ali Shermarke. For 10 points each:[10] Name this one-time failed state in the Horn of Africa where soldiers under Mohamed Farrah Aidid shot down a US Black Hawk helicopter during the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu.ANSWER: Somalia [or Federal Republic of Somalia; or Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; or Jumhūrīyat a?-?ūmāl al-Fidirālīyah][10] The Somali Civil War began after Aidid and other warlords rose up against this Somali leader. This dictator’s regime declined after his defeat in the Ogaden War.ANSWER: Siad Barre [Mohamed Siad Barre][10] Somalia fought the Ogaden War against this Communist regime bolstered by thousands of Cuban troops and Soviet advisors. This Ethiopian junta was led by Mengistu Haile Mariam.ANSWER: Derg<The above question is for the category History World and was written by Nitin Rao>19. Shortly before this word is repeated several times, a character asks “Why should a dog or horse or rat have life, but not you?” For 10 points each:[10] Give this word, which is notably repeated five times in a row in Act 5, Scene 3 of a Shakespeare play, just before the title character dies. ANSWER: “Never, never, never, never, never”[10] That line comes from the dying speech of this character, which follows the death of his daughter Cordelia. This royal decides to share his inheritance between his other two daughters Goneril and Regan, leading to a tragic sequence of events. ANSWER: King Lear[10] Along with Gloucester’s (GLOSS-tur’s) son Edgar, two noble characters are present when Lear dies, up to the end of the play. Name either of them.ANSWER: Duke of Albany or the Earl of Kent<The above question is for the category Literature Shakespeare and was written by Joseph Krol>20. This theorem guarantees that, for two-person zero-sum games, there is a value V such that Player?1 can always gain at least V and Player?2 can always lose at most V. For 10 points each:[10] Name this theorem central to game theory that was proven by John von Neumann.ANSWER: minimax theorem[10] A game is described by this adjective when the value is zero. Martingales can be used to model this type of game, for which a player is not expected to win or lose anything.ANSWER: fair game[10] A strategy furnished by the minimax theorem will occur at one of these points for the payoff function. At these points, both partial derivatives are zero but the function has a maximum in one direction and a minimum in the other.ANSWER: saddle point [prompt on minimax point]<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Tim Morrison>Extra. In the final act of an opera, Magda leaves this location to go home and kill herself. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this unnamed location where many people are waiting. A magician performs magic tricks to impress the secretary here, and Magda’s husband, the dissident John Sorel, is eventually captured after showing up here.ANSWER: the consul’s office[10] The consul’s office is a major setting in The Consul, an opera by this man. He composed the first opera specifically made for television.ANSWER: Gian Carlo Menotti[10] Menotti’s television opera, Amahl and the Night Visitors, is about a crippled boy named Amahl who is visited by the Magi, three kings bearing gifts intended for this recent newborn.ANSWER: Jesus [or Christ]<The above question is for the category Arts Opera and was written by Mike Cheyne> ................
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