Human Anatomy, Chapter 11 Lecture Outline: Axial Muscles



Human Anatomy, Chapter 11 Lecture Outline: Axial Muscles

Axial Muscles

* Have both their ___________________ and ______________________on parts of the axial skeleton.

* Support and move the _______________and _______________column.

* Function in nonverbal ______________________________by affecting facial _______________.

* Move the lower _______________during _______________.

* Assist in food ______________________________and ______________________________.

* Aid ______________________________.

* Support and protect the ______________________________and _______________organs.

* Are not responsible for ______________________________or moving the pectoral or _______________girdles or their attached _______________.

Muscles of the Head and Neck

* Separated into several specific _______________.

* Almost all originate on either the _______________or the _______________bone.

Muscles of Facial Expression

* Originate in the superficial _______________or on the _______________bones.

* Insert into the ______________________________fascia of the _______________.

* Contort the _______________causing it to _______________.

Muscles of Facial Expression

* Several are associated with the _______________.

* The _______________is the most expressive part of the _______________

* muscles in that area are very ______________________________

* ______________________________oris consists of muscle fibers that encircle the opening of the _______________.

* when it contracts the _______________closes

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

* Often called ______________________________muscles.

* Move the _______________.

* Are termed ______________________________because they originate within the _______________and insert onto the _______________.

* _______________extrinsic eye _______________.

* the _______________muscles

* (____________________________________________________________)

* the _______________muscles (inferior and _______________)

Muscles of Mastication

* Refers to the process of _______________.

* Move the mandible at the _____________________________________________joint.

* Four paired muscles of _______________

* __________________________________________________________________________

Muscles That Move the _______________

* The left and right ______________________________muscles originate on the mandible and _______________the tongue.

* The left and right ______________________________muscles originate on the styloid processes of the _______________bone.

* elevate and _______________the tongue (pull the tongue _______________into the mouth)

* The left and right _______________muscles originate at the hyoid bone and insert on the sides of the _______________.

* Depress and _______________the _______________

* The left and right ______________________________muscles originate on the soft ____________.

* elevate the ______________________________portion of the tongue

Muscles That Move the Tongue

* The tongue is an _______________, highly mobile _______________.

* It consists of ______________________________muscles that curl, _______________, and fold the tongue during chewing and _______________.

* the tongue itself is a _______________muscle

* Extrinsic muscles of the tongue, originate on other _______________and neck structures and insert on the _______________.

* _______________= “tongue”

* Used in various ______________________________to accomplish the precise, complex, and delicate tongue movements required for proper _______________.

* Manipulate _______________within the mouth in preparation for __________________________.

Muscles of the Pharynx

* Commonly known as the “_______________.”

* Is a funnel-shaped _______________that lies posterior to both the oral and _______________.

* Muscles help form or attach to this tube and aid in ______________________________.

* Primary _______________muscles are the pharyngeal constrictors ___________________________

* Initiate ______________________________and force the bolus inferiorly into the _______________.

* Help _______________or _______________the palate when swallowing.

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

* The ______________________________muscles are superior to the hyoid bone.

* The ______________________________muscles are inferior to the hyoid bone.

Anterior and Lateral Neck Muscles

* Flex the _______________and neck ______________________________.

* “_______________flexion” and “_______________flexion” refer to the same movement

* The main muscles are the ______________________________and the three scalenes.

Posterior Neck Muscles

* Extend the head/_______________.

* The ______________________________attaches to the skull and helps extend the head/neck.

* Primary function is to help move the ______________________________girdle.

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

* Very _______________.

* Have multiple _______________and _______________.

* Exhibit quite a bit of _______________.

* Are covered by the most ______________________________back muscles.

* trapezius and ______________________________dorsi

* The “_______________” is the cervical portion of the ______________________________column.

* The muscles extend the ______________________________portion of the vertebral column.

Muscles of Respiration

* ______________________________involves inhalation and ______________________________.

* During ______________________________, several muscles contract to increase the ______________________________of the thoracic cavity as the lungs fill with _______________.

* The ______________________________cavity expands both to cause the lungs to fill with air and to ______________________________the expanding lungs.

* During ______________________________, some respiratory muscles contract and others relax, collectively decreasing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity and forcing air out of the ____________.

* Are on the _______________and _______________surfaces of the thorax.

* Are covered by more ______________________________muscles that move the upper limb.

The Diaphragm

* Is an internally placed, _______________-shaped _______________.

* Forms a partition between the _______________and _______________cavities.

* The most ______________________________muscle associated with _______________.

* The muscle fibers _______________from its margins toward a fibrous central _______________.

* A strong ______________________________is the insertion tendon for all peripheral muscle fibers.

The Diaphragm

* When the diaphragm _______________, the central tendon is pulled ______________________________toward the abdominal cavity, thereby increasing the vertical ______________________________of the thoracic cavity.

* As it compresses the ______________________________cavity, it also increases intra-abdominal _______________.

* Also important in helping return venous _______________to the heart from the lower half of the _______________.

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

* Four pairs of muscles collectively compress and hold the abdominal organs in place.

* ____________________________________________________________

* Work together to flex and _______________the vertebral _______________.

* When they ______________________________contract they laterally flex the vertebral _______________.

*

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

* Formed by three _______________of muscles and associated fasciae, collectively known as the pelvic _______________.

* extends from the _______________and pubis of the _______________coxae across the pelvic outlet to the sacrum and _______________

* Collectively form the pelvic floor and support the pelvic _______________

* the pelvic _______________floor is composed of muscle layers that form the ______________________________and anal triangles, extend across the pelvic _______________, and support the organs in the pelvic _______________

There are no review questions for this chapter; please study the entire set of notes (one time only).

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