Port Washington UFSD / Port Washington School District



5153025-113665TEST DATE: __________020000TEST DATE: __________NAME: Regents Biology Homework PacketUnit 12: Circulation and ImmunityUse your Biology by Miller & Levine textbook to complete and help with the following homework assignments.(1) Read the assigned pages, (2) Define the vocabulary, and (3) Answer the questions.Neatness counts. Number the definitions. Write the page and number of the questions. Do your work in ink or even type the homework. Staple the definitions and questions to the HW packet.The homework assignment is due the day before the test. We will use the HW packet as a test review. The completed and corrected HW packet will be collected on the day of the test. Late homework assignments receive no credit (0). If the assignment is not turned in by the last day of the quarter the zero grade (0) will change to -5. Chapter 33: Circulatory and Respiratory SystemsRead pgs. 946 – 962Vocabularyp. 948 Vocab (10)p. 954 Vocab (7)p. 953 #1b, 2a, 3ap 961 #1a, 2bRegents Reviewpgs. 972 – 975#1, 3, 8 – 20, 26Chapter 35: Immune System and DiseaseRead pgs. 1008 – 1034Vocabularyp. 1010 Vocab (5)p. 1014 Vocab (9)p. 1020 Vocab (3)p. 1024 (2)p. 1013 #1b, 2c, 3p. 1019 #2a, 2b p. 1022 #1a, 3b p. 1027 #1a, 2b, 3a, 3bRegents Reviewpgs. 1030 – 1033#1 - 30Adaptations of Transport426720080010Organism:00Organism:7620080010Organisms:00Organisms:4419600133350000133350001257300948690Circulatory Features:00Circulatory Features:1143002320290Organism:00Organism:1143002548890002667004377690Circulatory Features:00Circulatory Features:-31623005520690Circulatory Features:00Circulatory Features:-3162300262890Circulatory Features:00Circulatory Features:-30861001634490Organism:00Organism:-3162300186309000Human Circulatory SystemThe human circulatory system is responsible for transporting nutrients and wastes around the body0723900035814007239000Two pumps (in a single heart) – one pumps ____________________ blood to the lungs the other pumps _____________________ blood to all the other organs and tissues of the body. 449580041910000-762007620000Red blood cells are shaped like round plates that are indented in the middle. Red blood cells are produced in _______ marrow. _______________ carries oxygen to the cellsPlatelets are involved in ________. White blood cells _____________.Plasma carries _____ and _______Arteries muscular tubes used for carrying blood ______ from the heartVeins carry blood back to the heart. They have _________ to stop the back flow of blood46482008445500Capillaries – site of material exchange between cells and the blood. Capillaries are microscopic – _________ thick to allow for diffusionExchanges Between Blood and CellsWith rare exceptions, our blood does not come into direct contact with the cells it nourishes. As blood enters the capillaries surrounding a tissue space, a large fraction of it is filtered into the tissue space. It is this interstitial or extracellular fluid (ECF / Lymph) that brings to cells all of their requirements and takes away their products. The number and distribution of capillaries is such that probably no cell is ever farther away than 50 ?m from a capillary. Color the diagram to show the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.Know the TermsMatch the word to the proper definitiona. artery b. arteriole c. atriumd. capillary e. cardiacf. diastole g. hemoglobinh. pacemakeri. pericardium j. systole k. pulsel. vein m. venule ___ 1. carries blood toward heart___ 2. period of heart relaxation___ 3. small artery___ 4. referring to the heart___ 5. chamber of the heart___ 6. small vein___ 7. period of heart contraction___ 8. membrane around the heart___ 9. carries blood away from heart___ 10. smallest blood vesselUse the following words to complete the paragraphs.waterglobulinerythrocytesantibodiesplasmaalbuminformed elementsleukocytesbloodfibrinogenlymphocytespathogensinterferonplateletsmacrophage____________________(1) is a liquid tissue that transports dissolved and suspended materials. It is composed of two parts, the ____________________(2), or liquid part, and the ____________________ (3). The liquid part consists of 90 percent ____________________ (4) and 7 percent protein. The most abundant protein ____________________(5), which regulates osmosis. ____________________(6) helps clot blood, while most ____________________ (7) is involved in fighting infection.____________________(8) carry oxygen to the tissues of the body using a substance called ____________________ (9). ____________________(10) are defenders of the body, while other white blood cells called ____________________(11) produce antibodies. ____________________(12) are small cell fragments that aid in blood clotting.During times of infection, disease-causing organisms called ____________________(13) invade the body. lf they invade the body, the second line of defense includes the protein ____________________(14). The third line of defense, which produces ____________________(15), is called the immune system.Understand the Concepts1. What is the purpose of a circulatory system?2. Explain transport in protists.3. Why don't one-celled and simple multicellular animals need a circulatory system?4. Distinguish between an open and a closed circulatory system.5. Starting with the right atrium, list in order the flow of blood through the human heart.6. Distinguish between systemic and pulmonary circulation.7. What would happen if the coronary artery became blocked?8. How do the pulmonary arteries differ from all the other arteries of the body?9. What is indicated by an excess of white blood cells in the blood?10. What problems might you have if you had no platelets in your blood?11. Compare active and passive immunity.12. What happens if someone gets a transfusion of the wrong blood type?13. How can blood clotting be bad?14. Why is it that you can't get some diseases twice?15. What type of cell does the AIDS virus destroy?16. Which blood types are considered universal donors? universal recipients?17. Explain allergies.Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.1. What happens to blood each time the heart beats?2. Which of the four chambers of the heart performs the most work? How can you support this conclusion?3. Explain the function of a heart valve?4. What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?5. What is the function of the pulmonary veins?6. Compare and contrast the aorta and the vena cava.38100-114300001. What is an antigen?2. What is an antibody?3. What determines the blood type of a person?4. If you are blood type A, what kind of antigens and antibodies do you have in your body?5. If you have type A blood, why would it be dangerous to have a transfusion of type B blood?6. Compare and contrast type AB and type O blood.7. Why must a person with type O blood receive a transfusion only from a donor who also has type O blood?8. Why is a person with type O blood called the universal donor and a person with type AB blood called the universal receiver?Blood TypeAntigenBlood CellAntibodyDonate to:Receive from:ABABOChoose the best answer and write the answer on the blank.Use the choices a – i to answer questions 1 – 10.a. allergyb. antigen c. anti-b antibodies d. aortic archese. histamine f. pericardiumg. plasma h. superior vena cavai. thoracic duct___ 1. the largest vein in humans___ 2. the largest lymphatic vessel in humans___ 3. returns blood to the right atrium___ 4. protective membrane that surrounds the outside of the heart___ 5. "hearts" in the earthworm___ 6. rapid overreaction to a normally harmless antigen___ 7. the substance that prevents people with type O blood from safely receiving a type A blood transfusion___ 8. any substance that can cause an immune response___ 9. the liquid portion of the blood___ 10. a substance released from some antigen-antibody reactions_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. A circulatory system must include all of the following EXCEPT (1.) a fluid (2.) the wastes of cellular metabolism(3.) a pumping organ (4.) a network of tubes or body spaces___ 12. The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to (1.) stimulate the heartbeat (2.) prevent the backward flow of blood(3.) accelerate the flow of blood (4.) serve as a cushion to prevent friction___ 13. Which is the CORRECT flow of blood in the human? (1.) right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery(2.) right atrium left atrium pulmonary artery(3.) left ventricle pulmonary artery aorta(4.) left ventricle left atrium aorta___ 14. During systole of the heartbeat cycle(1.) the heart muscle relaxes (2.) the semilunar valves close(3.) the A-V valves open (4.) blood flows into the pulmonary artery___ 15. All of the following are essential for clotting EXCEPT (1.) vitamin K (2.) prothrombin (3.) platelets (4.) heparin___ 16. Many one-celled, colonial, and simple multicellular organisms rely on which of the following transport mechanisms? (1.) open circulatory system (2.) simple circulatory system(3.) closed circulatory system (4.) diffusion and active transport___ 17. Which statement about capillaries is INCORRECT?(1.) They are microscopic. (2.) Every cell in the body is near one.(3.) They join to form larger vessels.(4.) They are found in every organism.___ 18. The grasshopper's circulatory system(1.) is an open system (2.) contains hemoglobin(3.) does not contain blood (4.) does not contain vessels___ 19. Blood pressure(1.) is not affected by cholesterol levels(2.) is lower in veins than in arteries(3.) drops a great deal when traveling though arteries(4.) is higher during diastole than systoleUse the diagram of the human heart to answer questions 20 – 25.___ 20. Which of the following structures is the right ventricle?(1.)4 (2.)6 (3.)8 (4.)10___ 21. Which of the following is the mitral (bicuspid) valve?(1.) 3 (2.) 5 (3.)7 (4.) e___ 22. Which of the following structures transports blood from the lungs to the heart?(1.) 1 (2.) 2 (3.) 3 (4.) 11___ 23. Which of the following vessels supplies the coronary circulation?(1.) 1 (2.) 2 (3.) 3 (4.) 11___ 24. Which of the following is a CORRECT sequence of blood flow?(1.) 4, 3, systemic circulation, 2, 8(2.) 6, 1, systemic circulation, 11, 10(3.) 8, 2, systemic circulation, 3, 4(4.) 10, 11, systemic circulation, 2, 8___ 25. Which of the following groups all transport oxygenated blood?(1.) 1, 2, 8, and 10(2.) 1, 3, 4, and 6(3.) 2, 3, 8, and 10(4.) 2, 8, 10, and 11___ 26. Swollen lymph glands may indicate(1.) an infection(2.) high blood pressure(3.) varicose veins(4.) an irregular heartbeat___ 27. All of the following statements about erythrocytes are correct EXCEPT(1.) They transport oxygen. (2.) They are the most numerous of blood cells.(3.) They are produced primarily in the spleen.(4.) They are disc-shaped.___ 28. The protein that is important in the clotting of blood is(1.) albumin (2.) globulin(3.) fibrinogen (4.) interferon___ 29. What is the advantage of a transfusion using plasma rather than whole blood?(1.) Plasma can carry more oxygen. (2.) Plasma provides greater defense against infection.(3.) Plasma does not require typing.(4.) Plasma is extracted from universal donors.___ 30. An individual who has had the measles will rarely get the illness again because of the presence of (1.) inborn immunity (2.) passive acquired immunity(3.) active acquired immunity (4.) maternal immunity___ 31. A safe blood transfusion would most likely be(1.) AB donor with A recipient (2.) A donor with O recipient(3.) B donor with A recipient (4.) A donor with AB recipient___ 32. Rh factors are found on the surface of(1.) platelets (2.) leukocytes(3.) lymphocytes(4.) erythrocytes___ 33. Which of the following are strands that trap erythrocytes and form blood clots? (1.) fibrinogen (2.) fibrin (3.) fibroblasts (4.) thrombin ___ 34. A heart attack can be caused by a(n)(1.) fibroblast (2.) embolus (3.) immune response (4.) anemic condition ___ 35. Interferon protects an organism from infection by (1.) producing antibodies that destroy bacteria (2.) stimulating phagocytosis in leukocytes(3.) stimulating enzyme production that blocks virus reproduction(4.) inhibiting the release of histamines___ 36. An example of an autoimmune disease is(1.) lupus (2.) hemophilia (3.) anemia (4.) leukemia___ 37. Bone marrow, lymphocytes, and lymph nodes are examples of (1.) first-line defenses(2.) second-line defenses(3.) third-line defenses(4.) fourth-line defenses___ 38. HIV is a (1.) T cell(2.) blood type (3.) pathogen (4.) lymphocyte ___ 39. Which statement about passive immunity is CORRECT?(1.) It is slow-acting.(2.) It is only temporary.(3.) The body produces its own antibodies.(4.) It cannot help infants.___ 40. AIDS can be spread(1.) through sexual contact (2.) through blood-to-blood contact(3.) during pregnancy(4.) through all of these methods___ 41. Hemoglobin is found in the blood of humans and earthworms, but not in the blood of grasshoppers. Which conclusion is best supported by this statement?(1.) The human and the earthworm have lungs, but the grasshopper does not have lungs.(2.) The human and the earthworm transport far more oxygen with their blood than the grasshopper transports with its blood.(3.) The human and the earthworm have open circulatory systems, but the grasshopper has a closed circulatorysystem.(4.) The human and the earthworm are adapted for anaerobic respiration, but the grasshopper is adapted for aerobic respiration.___ 42. Which part of human blood transports hormones and nutrients?(1.) plasma(2.) platelets(3.) red blood cells(4.) white blood cells___ 43. Structures specialized for returning blood to the heart are known as? (1.) capillaries? (2.) arteries? (3.) veins? (4.) bronchioles___ 44. What is a major difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?(1.) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, but white blood cells do not.(2.) Red blood cells can move, but white blood cells cannot.(3.) Red blood cells contain nuclei, but white blood cells do not.(4.) Red blood cells engulf foreign bacteria, but white blood cells do not.___ 45. The lack of which blood component interferes most with the transport of oxygen in humans?(1.) white blood cells (2.) platelets(3.) red blood cells (4.) antibodies___ 46.?Which part of the blood is correctly paired with its function??(1.) platelets - transports wastes and hormones(2.) white blood cells - produce antibodies? (3.) red blood cells - fight infection? (4.) plasma - carry oxygen? A photograph of a slide of human blood taken from a healthy individual is shown below.?Use this photograph to answer questions 47 and 48 which follow.___ 47.?Which statement best describes the change that would be observed if the slide contained blood from an individual with anemia?? (1.) Cell type A would be larger in size and darker in appearance.? (2.) Cell type B would be larger in size and greater in number.? (3.) Cell type A would be fewer in number and larger in size.(4.) Cell type B would be fewer in number and lighter in appearance.___ 48.?What kind of blood cell is the cell labeled B in the diagram?? (1.) red blood cell?? (2.) platelet? (3.) phagocyte? (4.) lymphocyte___ 49.?A pulse can be detected most easily in? (1.) a vein? (2.) an artery? (3.) a capillary? (4.) a lymph vessel___ 50. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets this disease again. This situation is an example of(1.) biological control(2.) negative feedback(3.) active immunity(4.) passive immunity___ 51. Which substances produced in the body are directly responsible for the rejection of a transplanted organ?(1.) antigens(2.) histamines(3.) antibodies(4.) excretions___ 52. The release of histamines within the body is most closely associated with(1.) rejection of a transplanted organ(2.) active immunity(3.) blood clotting(4.) an allergic reaction___ 53. Which response usually occurs after an individual receives a vaccination for influenza virus?(1.) Hormones in the blood inhibit reproduction of the virus.(2.) Antigens from the vaccine deactivate the virus.(3.) Enzymes released from platelets hydrolyze the virus.(4.) Antibodies against the virus form in the blood.___ 54. Under which circumstances will an antigen-antibody reaction most likely occur?(1.) A person with type AB is given type B blood(2.) A person with type O is given type A blood(3.) A person with type A is given type O blood(4.) A person with type AB is given type O blood.___ 55. The resistance of the body to a pathogen is called:(1.) antigen(2.) cancer(3.) immunity(4.) infection___ 56. When a person is suffering from an infection, such as strep throat or chicken pox, her blood usually shows a significant increase in the number of:(1.) sugars(2.) enzymes(3.) hormones(4.) antibodies___ 57. Which structures in human blood contain proteins necessary for the clotting process?(1.) red blood cells(2.) platelets(3.) white blood cells(4.) plasma___ 58. A person who is given an injection containing only antibodies would most likely develop:(1.) allergies(2.) anemia(3.) active immunity(4.) passive immunity___ 59. Any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal homeostatic function of the human body is known as(1.) a disease(2.) a pathogen(3.) an allergy(4.) a vaccine___ 60. What is the body’s most important non-specific defense against pathogens?(1.) tears(2.) mucus(3.) saliva(4.) skin___ 61. A substance that triggers an immune response is an(1.) antibody(2.) antigen(3.) allergy(4.) antibiotic___ 62. A non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection is known as(1.) the inflammatory response(2.) active immunity(3.) cell-mediated immunity(4.) passive immunity___ 63. Which statement best describes one effect of a fever?(1.) It increases the growth of a pathogen.(2.) It decreases the rate of chemical reactions.(3.) It increases heart rate.(4.) It decreases the number of white blood cells.___ 64. White blood cells that can engulf pathogens are referred to as(1.) antibodies(2.) antigens(3.) B cells(4.) phagocytes___ 65. Enzymes are similar to antibodies in that both:(1.) are produced by hormones(2.) slow the rate of chemical reactions(3.) are highly specific in their action(4.) are involved in hydrolysis reactions___ 66. A technician needed to determine the blood type of four individuals. To do this, the technician set up four slides, one for each individual. The technician placed a drop of antibody A serum and a drop of antibody B serum on each of four slides. The technician mixed a drop of blood from each individual into the anti-A and anti-B serum on a different slide. The results of the four tests are shown below.Which slide contains blood from the individual who has antigen A, but not antigen B?(1.) 1(2.) 2(3.) 3(4.) 4___ 67. When microscope slides are stained to show blood cells, the small red blood cells that appear on the slide are much more numerous than the large white blood cells. This supports the concept that:(1.) red blood cells are more numerous because they are smaller than white blood cells (2.) the body’s need for white blood cells is less than its need for red blood cells (3.) each kind of cell is present in the numbers best suited to meet the needs of the body (4.) the nuclei of the white blood cells help them work more efficiently___ 68. Many bacteria that enter the circulatory system are engulfed and destroyed by:(1.) platelets(2.) red blood cells(3.) white blood cells(4.) plasma___ 69. Whole blood type O may safely be given to people with which types of blood?(1.) AB and A, only(2.) A, B, AB, and O(3.) A and B, only(4.) O and B, only___ 70. What is a major difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?(1.) Red blood cells contain nuclei, but white blood cells do not(2.) Red blood cells can move, but white blood cells cannot(3.) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, but white blood cells do not(4.) Red blood cells can engulf foreign particles, but white blood cells do not.___ 71. A person whose blood contains both antigen A and antigen B is classified as having blood type:(1.) A (2.) B (3.) AB (4.) O___ 72. Under which circumstances will an antigen-antibody reaction most likely occur?(1.) A person with type AB is given type B blood (2.) A person with type O is given type A blood (3.) A person with type A is given type O blood (4.) A person with type AB is given type O blood.Use the following diagram for questions 73 & 74.-1219203873500___ 73. The major function of cell 1 is to:(1.) transport oxygen(2.) produce antibodies(3.) engulf bacteria(4.) initiate blood clots___ 74. Materials passing between body cells and blood must pass through intercellular fluid, which is located in area:(1.) 1(2.) 2(3.) 3(4.) 4___ 75. A person whose blood contains both antigen A and antigen B is classified as having blood type:(1.) A (2.) B (3.) AB (4.) O___ 76. Many bacteria that enter the circulatory system are engulfed and destroyed by:(1.) platelets(2.) red blood cells(3.) white blood cells(4.) plasma___ 77. Whole blood type O may safely be given to people with which types of blood?(1.) AB and A, only(2.) A, B, AB, and O(3.) A and B, only(4.) O and B, only___ 31. Which of the following is a disease characterized by an inability of the blood to carry oxygen?(1.) heart attack(2.) leukemia(3.) HIV / AIDS(4.) anemiaUse the diagram below for questions 78 & 79.___ 78. The structure labeled E is known as:1) aorta2) valve3) ventricle4) atrium___ 79. In which of the following structures would you most likely find deoxygenated blood?1) A2) C3) F4) IUse the graph to answer questions 80 – 82. ___ 80. What is most likely responsible for the change in HIV concentration during the first year?(1.) an immune response(2.) an inflammatory response(3.) an HIV vaccination(4.) HIV stopped replicating___ 81. Which statement best explains why the T-Cell concentration increases in the first year?(1.) HIV dies off in after the first year.(2.) B-Cells increase.(3.) T-Cells reproduce to fight infection.(4.) Macrophages destroy the HIV virus.___ 82. What is the most likely result of the changes shown?(1.) The body will be unable to deal with infections caused by pathogens.(2.) Antibodies against the AIDS virus will eventually be released.(3.) Cancer cells in the body will be replaced by AIDS cells.(4.) The damage to the immune system will be repaired by vaccinations. ................
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