Unit 3 Study Guide:



Unit 3: Development Through the Life CycleChapter 9: The FamilyChapter 10: Infancy and ChildhoodChapter 11: AdolescenceChapter 12: Early and Middle AdulthoodChapter 13: Older Adulthood and AgingChapter 14: The End of Life: Death, Dying, Grief and Loss(References: Rosdahl, C. B, Kowalksi, M. T. ( 2017). Textbook of Basic Nursing ( 11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer / Summer Putt)Chapter 9: The FamilyA family consists of two or more people who are joined together by ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________. A client’s family includes any person that he or she identifies as a family member.A family shares common characteristics:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Functions of Families:The family is organized as a unit for the achievement of the following basic functions:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Types of Family Structures: (List and define each)__________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________:____________________________________________________________________________________Nuclear dyad, commuter family, dual-career family or dual-worker family __________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________:______________________________________________________________________________________________________:____________________________________________________________________________Alternative Families:Cohabitation: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Gay or lesbian family: ____________________________________________________________________________________________Communal family: _______________________________________________________________________________________________Foster family: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Influences of Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion on the Family:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Stages of the Family Life Cycle:Transitional: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Expanding familyEstablishment: __________________________________________________________________________________________Childbearing: ___________________________________________________________________________________________Childrearing: ___________________________________________________________________________________________Contracting familyChild launching: _________________________________________________________________________________________Postparenting: __________________________________________________________________________________________Aging: ________________________________________________________________________________________________Common Stressors:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Effective and Ineffective Family Coping Patterns:Adjustment PhaseThe family tries to _______________________________________________________________________________________The family may _________________________________________________________________________________________The family may _________________________________________________________________________________________The family may _________________________________________________________________________________________Adaptation PhaseThe family realizes that ___________________________________________________________________________________Friends and community ___________________________________________________________________________________Roles, rules, boundaries, and patterns of behavior within the family are _____________________________________________Chapter 10: Infancy and ChildhoodHuman Growth and Development:Growth: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Development: ________________________________________________________________________________________Genetic Factors: ______________________________________________________________________________________Regression: __________________________________________________________________________________________Characteristics of Human Growth and Development:Orderly sequence: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Simple to complex: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Cephalocaudal: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Inclusive: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Proximodistal: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Interdependent: _____________________________________________________________________________________________Developmental Milestones/Delays:Developmental milestones: ______________________________________________________________________________________Developmental delays: _________________________________________________________________________________________Anticipatory Guidance for Caregivers:Concern_________________________________________________________The nurse should:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Erikson: Psychosocial Development:Focuses on the psychosocial and environmental aspects of personality as the person progresses from birth to death.Every stage of development contains:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Piaget: Cognitive Development:Cognitive: _____________________________________________________________________________________Four major levels of cognitive development:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Role of Play in Childhood Development:Play with other children encourages ______________________________________________________________________________________.Play enhances ______________________________________________________________________________________Solitary play: ______________________________________________________________________________________Parallel play: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Growth and Development of Infants:InfancyThe period from __________-__________ months of age. Physical growth by the end of the year__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Psychosocial Development________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cognitive and Motor Development____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TemperamentPast experiences with strangersNew environmentsPresence of primary caregiver, number of caregiversInteraction of strangers AgeAreas of Concern:Feedings Bottle mouth Weaning Sucking DaycareGrowth and Development of Toddlers:Toddler Phase ______________________________________________________________________________Physical Growth __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Psychosocial Development Challenge ______________________________________________________________________________Virtues ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cognitive and Motor Development__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Areas of Concern:Toilet trainingAccident prevention Setting limits Thumb sucking and the security blanket Temper tantrums Sleep habits and the family bed Separation anxietyGrowth and Development of Preschoolers:Preschool Phase Encompasses ages 3 to 6 yearsPhysical growth__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Psychosocial DevelopmentChallenge______________________________________________________________________________Virtue______________________________________________________________________________Cognitive and Motor Development Develop more refined motor skills become by age _________________________________________________ Have great desire to be _______________________________________________________ Comfortable with themselves and their relationships with others by age ____________________________ Areas of Concern:Sibling rivalry Phobias and nightmares Masturbation Enuresis Growth and Development of School-Aged Children:School Age______________________________________________________________________________Physical GrowthSlow and steady period of growth begins ______________________________________________________________________________Permanent teeth eruptsPsychosocial Development Challenge______________________________________________________________________________Virtues____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cognitive and Motor DevelopmentBecome increasingly ______________________ Fitting in becomes very important Learn to abide by rules Reasoning and conceptual powers expand Areas of Concern:Sibling rivalry Responsibilities Sex educationChapter 11: AdolescencePuberty and Adolescence:Puberty ______________________________________________________________________________Adolescence____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Characteristics of Adolescence:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Erikson’s Theory:Virtues______________________________________________________________________________Ways to help the adolescent succeedProvide privacy, encourage activities, support decisions, allow independence, give recognition and acceptance, maintain a good family atmosphere, facilitate information gatheringPiaget’s Theory:Age 12 to 15 years________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Stages of Adolescence:Pubescence, Preadolescence, or Early Adolescence (Ages 11–14): ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Middle Adolescence (Ages 15–17): Introspection and fluctuations in self-assuranceFormation of ideas and plan for the futureExhibition of true attitudes of maturity Physical Growth/Adolescent:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sexual Development in Adolescent Boys:______________________________________________________________________________Changes in appearance of scrotum ______________________________________________________________________________Spontaneous erections and nocturnal emission ______________________________________________________________________________Deepening of the voice______________________________________________________________________________Sexual Development in Adolescent Girls:Rapid growth and signs of approaching sexual maturity ______________________________________________________________________________Appearance of pubic hair ______________________________________________________________________________Secondary sex characteristics are those of an adultPsychosocial Development:Major task is to form a sense of identity.Family relationshipsPeer relationships __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Family Relationships/Adolescents:May be delicate during adolescence____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Influence lifetime interpersonal success______________________________________________________________________________Areas of Concern for Adolescents:______________________________________________________________________________Safety measures with motor vehicles______________________________________________________________________________Importance and development of self-respectSelection of peers as friends______________________________________________________________________________Problems that arise from substance use and abuse Food and Eating Habits:Special nutritional needsPoor dietary habits lead to______________________________________________________________________________Teenage boys normally have huge appetites.Teenage girls are concerned about appearance. ______________________________________________________________________________Sexual Identity and Orientation/Adolescent:Questions sexual preferencesRealizes sexual orientation______________________________________________________________________________Fear of rejectionRisk for alienation, doubt, and depressionSex Education:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chapter 12: Early and Middle AdulthoodErikson: Psychosocial Development:Early Adulthood Challenge______________________________________________________________________________Necessary accomplishments______________________________________________________________________________Virtues______________________________________________________________________________Middle AdulthoodChallenge______________________________________________________________________________Necessary accomplishments ______________________________________________________________________________Virtues______________________________________________________________________________Early Adulthood Transitions:Leaving home______________________________________________________________________________Establishing an adult identification: seeking oneself______________________________________________________________________________Starting a family______________________________________________________________________________Settling in______________________________________________________________________________Life Choices Made During Early Adulthood:Establishing adult relationshipsStarting a family Establishing careers______________________________________________________________________________Having children______________________________________________________________________________Women’s Issues:Making decisions related to childbearingFeeling pressure to give birth as third decade advances______________________________________________________________________________Considering adoption and reproductive technologies______________________________________________________________________________Development in Middle Adulthood:Addressing midlife transitions or midlife crisis______________________________________________________________________________Feeling they have failed to achieve goalsFailing to resolve this stage may result in: Brooding, physical illness, suicide, chemical dependency, and depression Role changes__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Perceiving one’s own mortality______________________________________________________________________________Reestablishing equilibrium____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Planning for retirementDevelop interests and hobbies ______________________________________________________________________________Move to simple living arrangementsMiddle Adulthood Transitions:Adjusting to role changesPhysical aspects of agingPerceiving one’s own mortalityReestablishing equilibriumPlanning for retirementChapter 13: Older Adulthood and AgingTerms Related to Aging:Gerontology: ________________________________________________________________________________________________Geriatrics: ________________________________________________________________________________________________Elderly: ________________________________________________________________________________________________Senescence: ________________________________________________________________________________________________Senior/senior citizen: ____________________________________________________________________________________________Ageism: ________________________________________________________________________________________________Erikson: Psychosocial Development:Ego integrity_________________________________________________Despair_________________________________________________Life review_________________________________________________Encourage reminiscenceErikson’s Theory:Challenge_________________________________________________Necessary accomplishments___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Major Physical Changes:Decrease in functioning of organs_________________________________________________Decreased reaction time_________________________________________________Decrease in tactile sensations_________________________________________________Decreased capacity for recovery from injury or illnessPsychosocial Considerations:Key elements of maintaining independence_________________________________________________Community resources help lessen dependence on family and friends.Participation in social activities is important for older adults._________________________________________________Areas of Concern:Preventable disorders may arise due to __________________________________________________________________________________________________Obesity and poor eating habits Preventive health screening and early detection practices are less expensive than treatment. Work, retirement, and activities_________________________________________________Finances and povertyStress and loss_________________________________________________Spirituality_________________________________________________Mortality_________________________________________________Areas of Concern: Eldest AdultPhysical considerationsDependence upon caregivers for ADLs_________________________________________________Multiple chronic conditionsPsychosocial considerations_________________________________________________Participation in social activitiesLosses Occurring as a Result of Aging:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chapter 14: The End of Life: Death, Dying, Grieving and Loss Death:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Palliative Care Versus Curative Care:Palliative care: _________________________________________________Curative care:_________________________________________________Influence of Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion:Beliefs shape people’s attitudes toward death. Culture determines how one responds to death. Religion and spirituality help individual and family meet the challenging concepts related to death.Spiritual support may be expressed as __________________________________________________________________________________________________Normal Processes of Dying:__________________________________________________________________________________________________Loss of appetiteChanges in bowel and bladder function_________________________________________________Changes in mental acuity_________________________________________________Changes in sleep–wake patterns_________________________________________________Congestion in lungs or throat_________________________________________________Physical Care Versus Emotional Care:Physical care:_________________________________________________Emotional care:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Kübler-Ross: Stages of Grief and Loss:Grief_________________________________________________Loss_________________________________________________Stages of Dealing With Death:Denial_________________________________________________Anger_________________________________________________Bargaining_________________________________________________Depression _________________________________________________Acceptance_________________________________________________Summer Putt Study Guide (Need to Knows):UNIT 3: (Chapter 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, & 14)What makes up a family? What are family characteristics? How is a family organized and what is the basic function? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is an example of an alternative family? What does cohabitation mean?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the stages of the family life cycle and how is each stage defined? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How does a family cope? What is ineffective coping verses effective coping? Examples for each…….___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the characteristics of human growth and development? Do we just grow randomly or is there a specific way? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Who is Erikson? What did he develop? What are the psychosocial stages/ categories? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Who is Piaget? What did he develop? What are the cognitive development stages/categories? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How do Erikson and Piaget plug into growth and development?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is role play and how is it important in childhood development? Are there different types of play?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is going on in infancy, toddler, preschool, school age, puberty and adolescence? What age is the child through each of these stages? What are some characteristics of growth during this period for each stage? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is menarche?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is your role as a nurse in sexual education? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are some issues specific to women (sorry guys) regarding aging?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What do the terms: gerontology, geriatrics, elderly, senescence, senior/senior citizen, and ageism mean? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are some major physiological changes that occur with aging? I.e. decreased reaction time (there are several) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is palliative care? What is curative care? How are they different?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is the normal process of dying? How does culture, ethnicity and religion influence dying?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is physical care versus emotional care? Why are these important?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the stages of grief and loss according to Kubler-Ross? What are the definitions of each stage? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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