CLINICAL SIGNS FOR ASSESSING ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC ...



MENNONITE COLLEGE OF NURSING

at

Illinois State University

317 Nursing Care of Children

Handout "B"

CLINICAL SIGNS FOR ASSESSING

ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC DEHYDRATION

| CLINICAL | ISOTONIC | HYPERTONIC | HYPOTONIC |

| |DEHYDRATION |DEHYDRATION |DEHYDRATION |

|1. Behavior and appearance |Irritable and lethargic |Irritable when disturbed and |Lethargic to coma |

| | |lethargic | |

|2. Skin turgor |Poor |Fair, skin thickened and firm |Very poor and clammy |

|3. Mucous |Dry |Parched |Clammy |

|membrane | | | |

|4. Eyeballs and |Sunken and soft |Sunken |Sunken and soft |

|Fontanel | | | |

|5. Tearing and |Absent |Absent |Absent |

|salivation | | | |

|6. Thirst |Present |Avid |Present |

|7. Weight change |Loss--2% to over 10% body weight loss|Loss |Loss |

|8. Urine output |Oliguria |Normal to decreased |Oliguria |

| | |Elevated to decreased | |

|sp. gravity |Elevated | |Elevated |

|9. Body |Subnormal to elevated |Subnormal to elevated |Subnormal |

|temperature | | | |

|10. Breathing |Rapid |Moderately rapid |Rapid |

|11. Blood pressure |Normal to low |Frequently normal |Very low |

| | | | |

|Pulse |Rapid |Moderately rapid |Rapid |

|12. Stools |Frequent; liquid |Frequent; liquid |Frequent; liquid |

|13. Vomitus |If present, increased |May be present |May be present |

|14. Blood chemistry |BUN ( |BUN ( |BUN ( |

| |Na - WNL |Na ( CI |Na ( |

| |K--normal or ( |K--varies |K--varies or ( |

| |Cl - WNL |Ca--low during |Cl ( |

| |pH usually ( due to acidosis |correction | |

|15. Others | |Calcium low | |

| | |Tremors and convulsions | |

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