CLINICAL SIGNS FOR ASSESSING ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC ...
MENNONITE COLLEGE OF NURSING
at
Illinois State University
317 Nursing Care of Children
Handout "B"
CLINICAL SIGNS FOR ASSESSING
ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC DEHYDRATION
| CLINICAL | ISOTONIC | HYPERTONIC | HYPOTONIC |
| |DEHYDRATION |DEHYDRATION |DEHYDRATION |
|1. Behavior and appearance |Irritable and lethargic |Irritable when disturbed and |Lethargic to coma |
| | |lethargic | |
|2. Skin turgor |Poor |Fair, skin thickened and firm |Very poor and clammy |
|3. Mucous |Dry |Parched |Clammy |
|membrane | | | |
|4. Eyeballs and |Sunken and soft |Sunken |Sunken and soft |
|Fontanel | | | |
|5. Tearing and |Absent |Absent |Absent |
|salivation | | | |
|6. Thirst |Present |Avid |Present |
|7. Weight change |Loss--2% to over 10% body weight loss|Loss |Loss |
|8. Urine output |Oliguria |Normal to decreased |Oliguria |
| | |Elevated to decreased | |
|sp. gravity |Elevated | |Elevated |
|9. Body |Subnormal to elevated |Subnormal to elevated |Subnormal |
|temperature | | | |
|10. Breathing |Rapid |Moderately rapid |Rapid |
|11. Blood pressure |Normal to low |Frequently normal |Very low |
| | | | |
|Pulse |Rapid |Moderately rapid |Rapid |
|12. Stools |Frequent; liquid |Frequent; liquid |Frequent; liquid |
|13. Vomitus |If present, increased |May be present |May be present |
|14. Blood chemistry |BUN ( |BUN ( |BUN ( |
| |Na - WNL |Na ( CI |Na ( |
| |K--normal or ( |K--varies |K--varies or ( |
| |Cl - WNL |Ca--low during |Cl ( |
| |pH usually ( due to acidosis |correction | |
|15. Others | |Calcium low | |
| | |Tremors and convulsions | |
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