Physics Reference Tables - Mr. Bigler

Physics Reference Tables*

Contents:

Table A. Metric Prefixes ........................................................... 1 Table B. Physical Constants......................................................2 Table C. Quantities, Variables and Units..................................3 Table D. Mechanics Formulas and Equations ..........................4 Table E. Approximate Co?fficients of Friction..........................4 Table F. Angular/Rotational Mechanics Formulas and

Equations .................................................................. 5 Table G. Moments of Inertia .................................................... 5 Table H. Heat and Thermal Physics Formulas and Equations ..6 Table I. Thermal Properties of Selected Materials ................... 6 Table J. Electricity Formulas & Equations ................................ 7 Table K. Electricity & Magnetism Formulas & Equations .........8 Table L. Resistor Color Code .................................................... 8 Table M. Symbols Used in Electrical Circuit Diagrams .............8 Table N. Resistivities at 20?C....................................................8 Table O. Waves & Optics Formulas & Equations ..................... 9 Figure P. The Electcromagnetic Spectrum ............................... 9 Table Q. Properties of Water and Air.....................................10

Table R. Absolute Indices of Refraction................................. 10 Table S. Fluid Mechanics Formulas and Equations ................ 11 Table T. Planetary Data ......................................................... 11 Table U. Sun & Moon Data ................................................... 11 Table V. Atomic & Particle Physics (Modern Physics)............ 12 Figure W. Quantum Energy Levels ........................................ 12 Figure X. Particle Sizes ........................................................... 13 Figure Y. Classification of Matter........................................... 13 Table Z. The Standard Model of Elementary Particles .......... 13 Figure AA. Periodic Table of the Elements ............................ 14 Table BB. Symbols Used in Nuclear Physics........................... 15 Table CC. Selected Radioisotopes.......................................... 15 Table DD. Constants Used in Nuclear Physics ....................... 15 Figure EE. Neutron/Proton Stability Band ............................. 15 Table FF. Geometry & Trigonometry Formulas ..................... 16 Table GG. Values of Trigonometric Functions ....................... 17 Table HH. Some Exact and Approximate Conversions........... 18 Table II. Greek Alphabet ........................................................ 18

Move Decimal Point to the Left

Move Decimal Point to the Right

Table A. Metric Prefixes Factor

1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 0.000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001

1024 1021 1018 1015 1012 109 106 103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15 10-18 10-21 10-24

Prefix yotta zeta exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca

-- deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto zepto yocto

Symbol Y Z E P T G M k h da -- d c m n p f a z y

* Data from various sources, including: The University of the State of New York, The State Education Department. Albany, NY, Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Physics, 2006 Edition., SparkNotes: SAT Physics website. , The Engineering Toolbox: , and The College Board: Equations and Constants for AP? Physics 1 and AP? Physics 2.

Physics Reference Tables

Table B. Physical Constants

Description

Symbol

Precise Value

acceleration due to gravity / strength of gravity field on Earth's surface

g

universal gravitational constant

G

speed of light in a vacuum

c

elementary charge (proton or electron)

e

1 coulomb (C)

(electric) permittivity of a vacuum

o

(magnetic) permeability of a vacuum

o

electrostatic constant

k

1 electron volt (eV)

9.7639

m s2

to

9.8337

m s2

average value

at

sea

level

is

9.806

65

m s2

6.673 84(80)10-11

Nm2 kg2

299

792

458

m s

*

1.602176 63410-19 C*

6.241 509 074 1018 elementary charges

8.854 187 8210-12

A2 s4 kgm3

4

10-7

= 1.256 637 0610-6

Tm A

1 4 o

= 8.987 551 787 368 176 4109

Nm2 C2

*

1.602176 565(35)10-19 J

Planck's constant

h

6.626 070 1510-34 Js*

1 universal (atomic) mass unit (u)

Avogadro's constant

NA

931.494 061(21) MeV/ c2 1.660 538 921(73)10-27 kg

6.022 140 761023 mol-1 *

Boltzmann constant universal gas constant

Rydberg constant

Stefan-Boltzmann constant standard atmospheric pressure

at sea level rest mass of an electron

kB

1.380 64910-23

J K

*

R

8.314

4621(75)

J molK

R H

mee4 8 o2h3c

= 10 973731.6

1 m

2 5R4 15h3c2

= 5.670 374 41910-8

J m2 sK4

101 325 Pa 1.01325 bar*

me

9.109 38215(45)10-31 kg

mass of a proton

mp

1.672 621 777(74)10-27 kg

mass of a neutron

mn

1.674 927 351(74)10-27 kg

*denotes an exact value (by definition)

Page 2

Common Approximation

9.8

m s2

9.8

N kg

or

10

m s2

10

N kg

6.67 10-11

Nm2 kg2

3.00 108

m s

1.60 10-19 C

6.24 1018 elementary charges

8.85 10-12

A2 s4 kgm3

1.2610-6

Tm A

8.99 109

Nm2 C2

1.6010-19 J

6.6310-34 Js

931 MeV/c2 1.6610-27 kg

6.021023 mol-1

1.38 10-23

J K

8.31

J molK

1.10 107 m-1

5.67 10-8

J m2 sK4

100 000 Pa 1.0 bar

9.1110-31 kg 1.6710-27 kg 1.6710-27 kg

Physics Reference Tables

Table C. Quantities, Variables and Units Quantity position distance/displacement, (length, height) angle area volume time velocity speed of light angular velocity

acceleration acceleration due to gravity

angular acceleration mass force

gravitational field

pressure energy (generic) potential energy kinetic energy heat work

Variable

x

d,d , (L , h) A V t

v

c

a g

m

F

g

P

E U K , Ek Q

W

MKS Unit Name meter* meter*

radian, degree square meter cubic meter, liter

second* meter/second

radians/second

meter/second2

radians/second2 kilogram* newton

newton/kilogram

pascal

MKS Unit Symbol m

m

--, ? m2 m3 s

m s

1 s2

,

s-1

m s2

1 s2

,

s-2

kg

N

N kg

Pa

joule

J

joule , newton-meter

J , Nm

torque

newton-meter

Nm

power

momentum

impulse moment of inertia

angular momentum

frequency wavelength period index of refraction electric current electric charge electric potential potential difference (voltage) electromotive force (emf)

electrical resistance

P

watt

W

p

newton-second

Ns

J

I

kilogram-meter2

kgm2

L

newton-meter-second

Nms

f

hertz

Hz

meter

m

T

second

s

n

--

--

I

ampere*

A

q

coulomb

C

V

V

volt

V

R

ohm

capacitance

C

farad

F

electric field

E

netwon/coulomb volt/meter

N C

,

V m

magnetic field

B

tesla

T

temperature

T

kelvin*

K

amount of substance

n

mole*

mol

luminous intensity

Iv

candela*

cd

Variables representing vector quantities are typeset in bold italics with arrows. * = S.I. base unit

Page 3

S.I. Base Unit m

m -- m2 m3 s

m s

1 s2

,

s-1

m s2

1 s2

,

s-2

kg

kgm s2

m s2

kg ms2

kgm2 s2

kgm2 s2

kgm2 s2

kgm2 s3

kgm s

kgm2

kgm2 s

s-1 m s -- A As

kgm2 As 3

kgm2 A2 s3 A2s4 m2kg

kgm As 3

kg As2

K mol cd

Physics Reference Tables

Table D. Mechanics Formulas and Equations

Kinematics (Distance, Velocity & Acceleration)

d = x = x - xo

x

- xo t

=

d t

=

vo + v 2

= vave.

v = v - vo = at

x

-

xo

=

d

=

vot

+

1 2

at2

v2 - vo2 = 2ad = 2a(x - xo )

Forces & Dynamics

Circular/ Centripetal Motion & Force

F = Fnet = ma

Ff sFN Ff = kFN

Fg

=

mg

=

Gm1m2 r2

ac

=

v2 r

Fc = mac

T=1 f

Simple Harmonic Motion

Ts = 2

m k

Tp = 2

L g

Fs = -kx

Us

=

1 2

kx

2

p = mv

Momentum

mivi + J = mf v f J = p = Fnet t

Energy, Work & Power

Ug

=

mgh

=

Gm1m2 r

K=

1 2

mv2

=

p2 2m

W = E = (K + U)

W = Flld = F ? d = Fd cos

Etotal = U + K (+Q + ...)

P = W = F ? v = Fv cos t

var. = name of quantity (unit)

= change in something

(E.g., x means change in x)

= sum d = distance (m)

d = displacement (m)

x = position (m)

t = time (s)

( ) v = velocity

m s

( ) vave. = average velocity

m s

( ) a = acceleration

m s2

( ) f = frequency

Hz

=

1 s

F = force (N)

Fnet = net force (N) Ff = force due to friction (N) Fg = force due to gravity (N) F = normal force (N)

N

m = mass (kg)

g = acceleration due to gravity

= 10 m on Earth

s2

g = strength of gravity field

=

10

N kg

on Earth

G = gravitational constant

= 6.6710-11 N m2

kg2

r = radius (m)

Page 4

= co?fficient of friction*

(dimensionless)

= angle (, rad)

( ) k = spring constant

N m

x = displacement of spring (m)

L = length of pendulum (m)

E = energy (J)

K = Ek = kinetic energy (J) U = potential energy (J)

h = height (m)

Q = heat (J)

P = power (W)

W = work (J, Nm)

T = (time) period (Hz)

p = momentum (Ns)

J = impulse (Ns)

= pi (mathematical constant)

= 3.14159 26535 89793...

____________________ *characteristic property of a substance (to be looked up)

Table E. Approximate Co?fficients of Friction

Substance

Static (s)

rubber on concrete (dry)

0.90

rubber on concrete (wet)

rubber on asphalt (dry)

0.85

rubber on asphalt (wet)

rubber on ice

steel on ice

0.03

waxed ski on snow

0.14

aluminum on aluminum

1.2

cast iron on cast iron

1.1

steel on steel

0.74

copper on steel

0.53

diamond on diamond

0.1

diamond on metal

0.1?0.15

Kinetic (k) 0.68 0.58 0.67 0.53 0.15 0.01 0.05 1.4 0.15 0.57 0.36

Substance wood on wood (dry) wood on wood (wet) wood on metal wood on brick wood on concrete Teflon on Teflon Teflon on steel graphite on steel leather on wood leather on metal (dry) leather on metal (wet) glass on glass metal on glass

Static (s) 0.42 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.62 0.04 0.04 0.1

0.3?0.4 0.6 0.4

0.9?1.0 0.5?0.7

Kinetic (k) 0.30

0.04 0.04

0.4

Physics Reference Tables

Table F. Angular/Rotational Mechanics Formulas and Equations

Angular Kinematics (Distance, Velocity & Acceleration)

Circular/ Centripetal Motion

Rotational Dynamics

Simple Harmonic Motion

= - o

- o t

=

t

=

o + 2

= ave.

= - o = t

=

ot

+

1 2

t

2

2 - o2 = 2()

s = r vT = r aT = r

ac

=

v2 r

= 2r

xcm =

mi xi mi

I = __ mr2 = m r2dm 0

Fc = mac = mr2

= r F = rF sin = rF

= net = I

T = 1 = 2 f

x = Acos(2 ft) +

var. = name of quantity (unit)

= change in something (E.g., x = change in x)

= sum

s = arc length (m)

t = time (s)

( ) ac = centripetal acceleration

m s2

Fc = centripetal force (N)

m = mass (kg)

r = radius (m)

r = radius (vector)

= angle (, rad)

( ) = angular velocity

rad s

= angular velocity

rad s 2

= torque (Nm)

x = position (m)

f = frequency (Hz)

A = amplitude (m)

= phase offset (, rad)

E = energy (J)

Angular Momentum

Angular/ Rotational Energy, Work & Power

L = r p = I L = rp sin = I L = t

Kr

=

1 2

I2

K

= Kt

+ Kr

=

1 2

mv2

+

1 2

I2

Wr =

P =W = t

K = Ek = kinetic energy (J) Kt = translational kinetic energy (J) Kr = rotational kinetic energy (J) P = power (W) W = work (J, Nm) p = momentum (Ns)

L = angular momentum (Nms)

Table G. Moments of Inertia

Page 5

Point Mass:

I = mr2

Hollow Cylinder: I = mr2

Solid Cylinder:

I

=

1 2

mr2

Hoop About Diameter:

I

=

1 2

mr2

Hollow Sphere:

I

=

2 3

mr

2

Solid Sphere:

I

=

2 5

mr2

Rod About the Middle:

I

=

1 12

mL2

Rod About the End:

I

=

1 3

mL2

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download