Right on time - LOT Publications

Right on time

Synchronization, overlap, and affiliation in conversation

Published by

LOT Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht The Netherlands

phone: +31 30 253 6111 e-mail: lot@uu.nl



Cover illustration: Majellakerk, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Photograph by Anne van Leeuwen.

ISBN: 978-94-6093-262-5 NUR: 616

Copyright c 2017 Anne Ruth van Leeuwen. All rights reserved.

Right on time

Synchronization, overlap, and affiliation in conversation

Precies op tijd

Synchronisatie, overlap, en affiliatie in conversatie

(met een samenvatting in het Nederlands)

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht

op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 15 december 2017 des ochtends te 10.30 uur

door

Anne Ruth van Leeuwen

geboren op 27 mei 1984 te Nijmegen

Promotoren: Prof. dr. J.J.A. van Berkum Prof. dr. H. Quene?

The research project reported here was part of the project `Moving the language user ? Affect and perspective in discourse processing' supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research under project number 277?89?001.

To Gerke and Doede.

Contents

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

1 Introduction

1

1.1 Being `in sync' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Temporal coordination in non-verbal interaction . . . . 2

1.2.1 Non-verbal interpersonal coordination conveys

mutual affiliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3 Temporal coordination in spoken interaction . . . . . . 5

1.3.1 Gaps and overlaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.3.2 Synchronization and tempo matching . . . . . 8

1.4 Affiliation and affect in conversation . . . . . . . . . . 17

1.4.1 Affiliation is rooted in our affective system . . 18

1.5 Experimental setup and hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1.5.1 General methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1.5.2 Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2 Study 1: Synchronization, overlap and affiliation in conver-

sation

25

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.1.1 The present study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.2.1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.2.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.2.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

viii

2.2.4 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.4.1 Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.4.2 Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.4.3 Speech tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.4.4 Other issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3 Study 2: Synchronization, tempo matching, and affilition in

conversation

47

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.1.1 Tempo matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3.1.2 The present study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.2.1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.2.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.2.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3.2.4 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

3.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3.4.1 Experimental design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.4.2 Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.4.3 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

4 Study 3: Synchronization, overlap, affiliation, and corruga-

tor activity in conversation

67

4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

4.1.1 The present study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

4.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.2.1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.2.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.2.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.2.4 Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

4.2.5 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

4.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.3.1 Corrugator activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

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