Right on time - LOT Publications
Right on time
Synchronization, overlap, and affiliation in conversation
Published by
LOT Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht The Netherlands
phone: +31 30 253 6111 e-mail: lot@uu.nl
Cover illustration: Majellakerk, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Photograph by Anne van Leeuwen.
ISBN: 978-94-6093-262-5 NUR: 616
Copyright c 2017 Anne Ruth van Leeuwen. All rights reserved.
Right on time
Synchronization, overlap, and affiliation in conversation
Precies op tijd
Synchronisatie, overlap, en affiliatie in conversatie
(met een samenvatting in het Nederlands)
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht
op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 15 december 2017 des ochtends te 10.30 uur
door
Anne Ruth van Leeuwen
geboren op 27 mei 1984 te Nijmegen
Promotoren: Prof. dr. J.J.A. van Berkum Prof. dr. H. Quene?
The research project reported here was part of the project `Moving the language user ? Affect and perspective in discourse processing' supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research under project number 277?89?001.
To Gerke and Doede.
Contents
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1 Introduction
1
1.1 Being `in sync' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Temporal coordination in non-verbal interaction . . . . 2
1.2.1 Non-verbal interpersonal coordination conveys
mutual affiliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Temporal coordination in spoken interaction . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Gaps and overlaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 Synchronization and tempo matching . . . . . 8
1.4 Affiliation and affect in conversation . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4.1 Affiliation is rooted in our affective system . . 18
1.5 Experimental setup and hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.5.1 General methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.5.2 Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2 Study 1: Synchronization, overlap and affiliation in conver-
sation
25
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1.1 The present study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2.1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
viii
2.2.4 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4.1 Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.4.2 Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.4.3 Speech tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.4.4 Other issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3 Study 2: Synchronization, tempo matching, and affilition in
conversation
47
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.1.1 Tempo matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.1.2 The present study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.2.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.2.4 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.4.1 Experimental design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.4.2 Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.4.3 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4 Study 3: Synchronization, overlap, affiliation, and corruga-
tor activity in conversation
67
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.1.1 The present study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2.1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.2.4 Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.2.5 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.3.1 Corrugator activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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