DEFINING DEATH: LAW, LANGUAGE, AND SYSTEMS by Joshua David Michael Shaw

DEFINING DEATH: LAW, LANGUAGE, AND SYSTEMS by

Joshua David Michael Shaw Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the degree of Master of Laws at

Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia

August 2016

?Copyright by Joshua David Michael Shaw, 2016

I dedicate this to my mother. ii

Table of Contents

List of Figures ........................................................................................ v Abstract ............................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations Used ........................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ............................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Methodology ........................................................................... 26

The Speech Act and Language........................................................... 29 Colonising Systems and Communicative Reason..................................... 36 Power and Language ...................................................................... 39 Archaeology, Genealogy, and Agonic Reason ........................................ 45 Foucault contra Habermas ............................................................... 53 A Critical Legal Method .................................................................. 59 Conclusion ................................................................................. 65 Chapter 3: Death and Nomos ...................................................................... 66 Legal Definition of Death ................................................................ 68 Death and Tissue Donation ............................................................... 71 Legal Fiction .............................................................................. 78 Nomos and Fiction ........................................................................ 84 Fiction of Death ........................................................................... 91 Conclusion ................................................................................ 116 Chapter 4: Deliberative Physician-Patient Relationships .................................... 117 The Therapeutic Contract ...............................................................119

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Deliberative Communication ........................................................... 139 Nature of Deliberative Communication ............................................... 143 Deliberative Ideals in Post-Mortem Donation ....................................... 160 Conclusion ................................................................................ 167 Chapter 5: Warring Systems and Fatal fictions ................................................ 168 Systems Theory of Law ................................................................. 170 The Ecosystem ........................................................................... 187 Fiction as Intersystem Communication ................................................193 Conclusion ............................................................................... 203 Chapter 6: Conclusion ............................................................................ 204 Bibliography ....................................................................................... 210

iv

Figure 1 Figure 2

List of Figures

Intersystem communication relating to the legal definition of death......188 Interstitial system of deliberative communication........................... 192

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