Mr. Szeryk's AAS Sofia Classes



IB1 Physics AAS Sofia Final Exam 2014 Name:_________________SL and HL Section: (Answer all questions)1.Data analysis question.The photograph below shows a magnified image of a dark central disc surrounded by concentric dark rings. These rings were produced as a result of interference of monochromatic light.The graph below shows how the ring diameter D varies with the ring number n.The innermost ring corresponds to n = 1. The corresponding diameter is labelled in the photograph. Error bars for the diameter D are shown.(a)State one piece of evidence that shows that D is not proportional to n................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (1) (b)On the graph above(pg 1), draw the line of best-fit for the data points.(2) (c)Theory suggests that D2 = kn. A graph of D2 against n is shown below. Error bars are shown for the first and last data points only.(i)Using the first graph, calculate the percentage uncertainty in D2, of the ring n = 7..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) (ii)Based on the second graph, state one piece of evidence that supports the relationship D2 = kn.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1) (iii)Use the second graph to determine the value of the constant k.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)(iv)State the unit for the constant k.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)2.A body accelerates from rest with a uniform acceleration a for a time t. The uncertainty in a is 8 % and the uncertainty in t is 4 %. The uncertainty in the speed isA.32 %.B.12 %.C.8 %.D.2 %.3.A tennis ball of mass m moving horizontally with speed u strikes a vertical tennis racket. The ball bounces back with a horizontal speed v.The magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball isA.m(u + v).B.m(u – v).C.m(v – u).D.zero.4.This question is about circular motion.A ball of mass 0.25 kg is attached to a string and is made to rotate with constant speed v along a horizontal circle of radius r = 0.33 m. The string is attached to the ceiling and makes an angle of 30° with the vertical.(a)(i)On the diagram above, draw and label arrows to represent the forces on the ball in the position shown.(2)(ii)State and explain whether the ball is in equilibrium..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) (b)Determine the speed of rotation of the ball.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)5.This question is about mechanics and thermal physics.The graph shows the variation with time t of the speed v of a ball of mass 0.50 kg, that has been released from rest above the Earth’s surface.The force of air resistance is not negligible. Assume that the acceleration of free fall isg = 9.81 m s–2. (a)State, without any calculations, how the graph could be used to determine the distance fallen....................................................................................................................................... (1) (b)(i)In the space below, draw and label arrows to represent the forces on the ball at2.0 s.(1) (ii)Use the graph opposite to show that the acceleration of the ball at 2.0 s is approximately 4 m s–2.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) (iii)Calculate the magnitude of the force of air resistance on the ball at 2.0 s....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (2) (c)After 10 s the ball has fallen 190 m.(i)Show that the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of the ball has decreased by 780 J.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3) (ii)The specific heat capacity of the ball is 480 J kg–1 K–1. Estimate the increase in the temperature of the ball..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) 6.A car accelerates from rest. The acceleration increases with time. Which graph shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the car? 7.A solid piece of tungsten melts into liquid without a change in temperature. Which of the following is correct for the molecules in the liquid phase compared with the molecules in the solid phase?Kinetic energyPotential energyA.samegreaterB.samesameC.greatergreaterD.greatersame8.What is the mass of carbon-12 that contains the same number of atoms as 14 g of silicon-28?A.6 gB.12 gC.14 gD.24 g9.This question is about internal energy and thermal energy (heat).(a)Distinguish between internal energy and thermal energy...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3) (b)A piece of iron is placed in a kiln until it reaches the temperature θ of the kiln. The iron is then quickly transferred to water held in a thermally insulated container. The water is stirred until it reaches a steady temperature. The following data are available.Thermal capacity of the piece of iron= 60 J K–1Thermal capacity of the water= 2.0 × 103 J K–1Initial temperature of the water= 16 °CFinal temperature of the water= 45 °CThe thermal capacity of the container and insulation is negligible. (i)State an expression, in terms of θ and the above data, for the energy transfer of the iron in cooling from the temperature of the kiln to the final temperature of the water............................................................................................................................(1)(ii)Calculate the increase in internal energy of the water as the iron cools in the water.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1) (iii)Use your answers to (b)(i) and (b)(ii)to determine θ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)10.The graph shows how the displacement varies with time for an object undergoing simple harmonic motion.Which graph shows how the object’s acceleration a varies with time t?11.Which of the following electromagnetic waves has a frequency greater than that of visible light?A.UltravioletB.RadioC.MicrowavesD.Infrared12.This question is about simple harmonic oscillations.A longitudinal wave travels through a medium from left to right.Graph 1 shows the variation with time t of the displacement x of a particle P in the medium.Graph 1 (a)For particle P,(i)state how graph 1 shows that its oscillations are not damped............................................................................................................................(1) (ii)calculate the magnitude of its maximum acceleration....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (2) (iii)calculate its speed at t = 0.12 s....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (2)(b)Graph 2 shows the variation with position d of the displacement x of particles in the medium at a particular instant of time.Graph 2 Determine for the longitudinal wave, using graph 1 and graph 2,(i)the frequency............................................................................................................................(2) (ii)the speed............................................................................................................................(2) 13.Light travels from air into glass as shown below.The refractive index of the glass isA.B.C.D.14.This question is about standing (stationary) waves.The diagram represents a standing wave of wavelength λ set up on a string of length L.The string is fixed at both ends. (a)For this standing wave(i)state the relationship between λ and L............................................................................................................................(1) (ii)label, on the diagram, two antinodes where the string is vibrating in phase. Label the antinodes with the letter A.(2) (b)The standing wave has wavelength λ and frequency f. State and explain, with respect to a standing wave, what is represented by the product f λ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)15.The graph shows measurements of the height h of sea level at different times t in the Bay of Fundy.Which of the following gives the approximate amplitude and period of the tides?AmplitudePeriodA.6.5 m6 hoursB.13 m12 hoursC.6.5 m12 hoursD.13 m6 hours16.Light of wavelength λ is emitted by two point sources. The light passes through a circular aperture of diameter b and is received by an observer. The angular separation of the sources from the observer’s position is θ. The sources are not resolved by the observer. Which of the following mathematical relationships applies?A.θ < 1.22B.θ > 1.22C.θ = 1.22D.θ = 17.A spherical planet of uniform density has three times the mass of the Earth and twice the average radius. The magnitude of the gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is g.What is the gravitational field strength at the surface of the planet?A.6 gB.C.D.18.A spacecraft travels away from Earth in a straight line with its motors shut down. At one instant the speed of the spacecraft is 5.4 km s–1. After a time of 600 s, the speed is 5.1 km s–1. The average gravitational field strength acting on the spacecraft during this time interval isA.5.0 × 10–4 N kg–1B.3.0 × 10–2 N kg–1C.5.0 × 10–1 N kg–1D.30 N kg–119.A small sphere X of mass M is placed a distance d from a point mass. The gravitational force on sphere X is 90 N. Sphere X is removed and a second sphere Y of mass 4M is placed a distance 3d from the same point mass. The gravitational force on sphere Y isA.480 N.B.160 N.C.120 N.D.40 N.20.A freshly prepared sample contains 4.0 μg of iodine-131. After 24 days, 0.5 μg of iodine-131 remain. The best estimate of the half-life of iodine-131 isA.8 days.B.12 days.C.24 days.D.72 days.21.Which of the following energy level diagrams best represents the kinetic energy EK of the “electron in a box” model, where an electron is confined to move in one dimension? The variable n is an integer (1, 2, 3, 4 etc.).A. B. C.D.22.This question is about unified atomic mass unit and a nuclear reaction.(a)Define the term unified atomic mass unit.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1) (b)The mass of a nucleus of rutherfordium-254 is 254.1001 u. Calculate the mass in GeV c–2.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1) (c)In 1919, Rutherford produced the first artificial nuclear transmutation by bombarding nitrogen with α-particles. The reaction is represented by the following equation.α + + X(i)Identify X............................................................................................................................(1)(ii)The following data are available for the reaction.Rest mass of α= 3.7428 GeV c–2Rest mass of = 13.0942 GeV c–2Rest mass of + X= 16.8383 GeV c–2The initial kinetic energy of the α-particle is 7.68 MeV. Determine the sum of the kinetic energies of the oxygen nucleus and X. (Assume that the nitrogen nucleus is stationary.).......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3) (d)The reaction in (c) produces oxygen (O-17). Other isotopes of oxygen include O-19 which is radioactive with a half-life of 30 s.(i)State what is meant by the term isotopes.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1) (ii)Define the term radioactive half-life.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)(e)A nucleus of the isotope O-19 decays to a stable nucleus of fluorine. The half-life of O-19 is 30 s. At time t = 0, a sample of O-19 contains a large number N0 nuclei of O-19.On the grid below, draw a graph to show the variation with time t of the number N of O-19 nuclei remaining in the sample. You should consider a time of t = 0 to t = 120 s.(2)23.This question is about the photoelectric effect.(a)State what is meant by the photoelectric effect.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)(b)Light of frequency 8.7 × 1014 Hz is incident on the surface of a metal in a photocell.The surface area of the metal is 9.0 × 10–6 m2 and the intensity of the light is1.1 × 10–3 W m–2. (i)The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons released from the metal surface is 1.2 eV. Calculate the value of the work function of the metal..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)End of SL Section: (If you are an SL student, please make sure you check over your answers, put your name somewhere on these pages, smile and then enjoy your summer. Please come back refreshed, renewed, and make sure you read as many physics books as possible. )If you are an HL student turn the page…and keep going……HL Section: (Answer all questions)24.This question is about throwing a stone from a cliff.Antonia stands at the edge of a vertical cliff and throws a stone vertically upwards.The stone leaves Antonia’s hand with a speed v =8.0 m s–1. Ignore air resistance, the acceleration of free fall g is 10 m s–2 and all distance measurements are taken from the point where the stone leaves Antonia’s hand.(a)Determine,(i)the maximum height reached by the stone...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(ii)the time taken by the stone to reach its maximum height...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)(b)The time between the stone leaving Antonia’s hand and hitting the sea is 3.0 s. Determine the height of the cliff..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3)25.Which of the following graphs represents how the total energy E of an orbiting satellite varies with orbital radius r?A. B.C. D. 26.This question is about internal energy, heat and ideal gases. (a)One mole of an ideal gas is heated at constant pressure. The increase in temperature of the gas is 30.0 K. The energy transferred to the gas is 623 J and the work done is 249 J.Determine(i)the change in internal energy of the gas..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3) 27.The temperature of an ideal gas is a measure of the molecules’ averageA.velocity.B.momentum.C.kinetic energy.D.frequency of collisions. 28.This question is about relativity.Carrie is in a spaceship that is travelling towards a star in a straight-line at constant velocity as observed by Peter. Peter is at rest relative to the star.(a)Carrie measures her spaceship to have a length of 100 m. Peter measures Carrie’s spaceship to have a length of 91 m.(i)Explain why Carrie measures the proper length of the spaceship....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (1) (ii)Show that Carrie travels at a speed of approximately 0.4 c relative to Peter..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) (b)According to Carrie, it takes the star ten years to reach her. Using your answer to (a)(ii), calculate the distance to the star as measured by Peter...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(c)According to Peter, as Carrie passes the star she sends a radio signal. Determine the time, as measured by Carrie, for the message to reach Peter.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(3) 29.This question is about relativistic energy and momentum.(a)Particle A is at rest with respect to an observer. Another identical particle B is moving with respect to the observer. Distinguish between the total energy of particle A and the total energy of particle B as measured by the observer.Particle A: ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Particle B: ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) (b)Two protons are travelling towards each other along the same straight line in a vacuum.The speed of each proton, as measured in the laboratory frame of reference, is 0.960c.(i)Calculate the relative speed of one proton with respect to the other proton.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (2) (ii)Show that the total energy of one of the protons, according to an observer at rest in the laboratory, is 3.35 GeV..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2) (ii)momentum of the pion.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(2)(OK now if you are an HL student you have come to the end of the IB1 Physics Universe, do the same as the SL’s previous instructions….Have a great summer!) ................
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