2016 Statewide Child Death Report Final - Nevada

STATE OF

NEVADA

DIVISION OF CHILD

AND FAMILY

SERVICES

2016 STATEWIDE

CHILD DEATH REPORT

Submitted by:

The Executive Committee to Review the Death of Children

Natalie Guesman and Vickie Ives, Co-Chairs

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements _______________________________________________________________________ 4

Data Confidentiality _______________________________________________________________________ 4

Executive Summary _______________________________________________________________________ 5

What are the leading causes of child death? __________________________________________________________ 5

Why is child death prevention important? ____________________________________________________________ 5

How does child death in Nevada compare with the rest of the United States? _______________________________ 5

Where does Nevada¡¯s child death data come from? ____________________________________________________ 6

How do the regional CDR teams work to prevent child deaths? ___________________________________________ 6

Section 1: Data Overview and General Analysis ________________________________________________ 7

Data Sources ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7

Data Limitations _________________________________________________________________________________ 7

Data Instrument Changes in 2018 ___________________________________________________________________ 8

Review Requirements _____________________________________________________________________________ 8

Deaths reviewed versus deaths not reviewed _________________________________________________________ 8

Natural Deaths __________________________________________________________________________________ 9

Why are there so many natural deaths among infants? _________________________________________________________ 9

Natural deaths in Nevada 2016 _____________________________________________________________________________ 9

Leading Manners and Causes of Death ______________________________________________________________ 10

1. Non-motor vehicle accidents ___________________________________________________________________________ 11

Safe Sleep Related Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee _________________________________ 11

2. Homicide ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 13

Abuse/Neglect and Gunshot Wound Related Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee ____________ 14

3. Motor vehicle accidents _______________________________________________________________________________ 15

Motor Vehicle Accident Related Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee ______________________ 15

4. Suicide _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16

Suicide Prevention Related Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee __________________________ 17

Basic Demographics: All Deaths ___________________________________________________________________ 19

Age __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19

Gender _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20

Race and Ethnicity ______________________________________________________________________________________ 20

Comparison: Statewide Population and Child Death by Race and Ethnicity _________________________________________ 21

Comparison: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender ___________________________________________________________________ 22

County of Residence ____________________________________________________________________________________ 23

Manner of Death _______________________________________________________________________________________ 24

Comparison: Manner of Death and Age_____________________________________________________________________ 25

Comprehensive Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee ___________________________________ 27

Section 2: Detailed Review of Target Causes of Death __________________________________________ 28

Review: Understanding Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) ________________________________________ 28

Review: Accidents and Other Deaths Involving Asphyxia _______________________________________________ 28

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 29

Contributing Factors ____________________________________________________________________________________ 30

2016 Statewide Child Death Report

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Review: Undetermined Deaths ____________________________________________________________________ 32

Review: Accidents Involving Drowning______________________________________________________________ 32

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 33

Contributing Factors ____________________________________________________________________________________ 34

Drowning Related Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee _________________________________ 35

Review: Accidents Involving Drug Overdose _________________________________________________________ 37

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 37

History of Drug Use _____________________________________________________________________________________ 37

Drug Types Involved in Death _____________________________________________________________________________ 37

Contributing Factors ____________________________________________________________________________________ 38

Related Public Awareness Efforts by the Executive Committee ___________________________________________________ 38

Review: Accidents Involving Infants with Maternal Substance Use _______________________________________ 38

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 39

Maternal Risk Factors ___________________________________________________________________________________ 40

Review: Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) ____________________________________________________________ 41

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 42

Position of Child in Accident ______________________________________________________________________________ 44

Contributing Factors ____________________________________________________________________________________ 44

Review: Homicides ______________________________________________________________________________ 46

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 46

Homicides by Type______________________________________________________________________________________ 48

Homicides by Gunshot Wound (GSW) ______________________________________________________________________ 48

Review: Deaths Caused by Abuse and Neglect _______________________________________________________ 49

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 50

Contributing Factors ____________________________________________________________________________________ 51

Abusive Head Trauma ___________________________________________________________________________________ 52

Review: Deaths Involving Abuse and Neglect ________________________________________________________ 52

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 53

Types of Abuse and Neglect by Manner _____________________________________________________________________ 54

Review: Suicides ________________________________________________________________________________ 55

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 55

Suicides by Type _______________________________________________________________________________________ 57

Contributing Factors ____________________________________________________________________________________ 57

Review: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) _______________________________________________________ 59

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 59

SIDS Related Public Awareness Efforts Supported by the Executive Committee______________________________________ 59

Review: Children Involved in the Child Protective Services (CPS) System __________________________________ 60

Basic Demographics_____________________________________________________________________________________ 60

Manner of Death _______________________________________________________________________________________ 61

Appendix A: Background on Child Death Review in Nevada ______________________________________ 63

2016 Statewide Child Death Report

3

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to the following people who helped to complete the 2016 Statewide Child Death Report:

Executive Committee to Review the Death of Children:

Misty Allen

Sharon Benson

Michael Cason

Sherri Cline

Melissa Cunning-Faul

Natalie Guesman

Ryan Gustafson

Brandy Holbrook

Vickie Ives

Jill Marano

Reesha Powell

Andrew Rasor

Michelle Sandoval

Kelli Weishaupt

Tammi Williamson

Division of Child and Family Services (DCFS):

Reesha Powell

Melissa Cunning-Faul

Nevada Institute for Children¡¯s Research and Policy (NICRP):

Tara Phebus

Report writer:

Andrew Zeiser

Data Confidentiality

PLEASE NOTE: PORTIONS OF THE COLLECTIVE INFORMATION AND DATA CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT WERE

COMPILED FROM CHILD RECORDS THAT ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND CONTAIN INFORMATION WHICH IS PROTECTED

FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE PUBLIC, PURSUANT TO NEVADA REVISED STATUTES (NRS) AND FEDERAL LAWS AND

REGULATIONS.

2016 Statewide Child Death Report

4

Executive Summary

What are the leading causes of child death?

Why is child death prevention important?

In 2016, the four leading causes of child death were:

Ensuring child safety is critical to help reduce the risk of

injury and death for infants, children, and adolescents.

Each year in Nevada, over 100 children die from

preventable causes of death.

1. Non-motor vehicle accidents such as asphyxia

(suffocation), drowning, and drug overdose

2. Homicide

3. Suicide

4. Motor vehicle accidents

2016 Leading Causes of Child Death

30

29

25

23

20

20

14

15

10

Different age groups of children and adolescents are at

risk for different types of death. Infants and young

children are at greater risk of accidental asphyxia

deaths, which often result from unsafe sleeping

environments and parents sharing a bed with their

children. Sadly, they are also at greater risk of homicide

by abuse and neglect. Adolescents are at greater risk of

motor vehicle accidents, suicide, and drug overdoses.

All age groups are at risk of drowning, especially

children between ages one and four.

5

0

NON-MVA

HOMICIDE

SUICIDE

MVA

* This excludes natural and undetermined deaths, discussed below.

How does child death in Nevada compare with the rest of the United States?

Total Nevada child and adolescent deaths in 2016:

318 (ages birth through 17 years) 1

Total national child and adolescent deaths in 2016:

37,514 (ages birth through 17 years) 4

? This is an 17.3% increase from Nevada child

deaths in 2015:

271 (ages birth through 17 years)

? This is a 0.37% increase from national child

deaths in 2015:

37,374 (ages birth through 17 years) 5

Nevada infant mortality rate:

5.7 per 1,000 live births 2

National infant mortality:

5.9 per 1,000 live births 6

Largest subgroup of child deaths in Nevada:

Age group: Under 1

Causes: Natural 3

Largest subgroup of child deaths in the U.S.:

Age group: Under 1

Causes: Natural 7

DCFS. (2018). CDR Case Reporting System. Carson City, NV: Nevada Division of Child and Family Services.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Infant Mortality Rates by State, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2018, from

.

3

DCFS. (2018). CDR Case Reporting System. Carson City, NV: Nevada Division of Child and Family Services.

4

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2018). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System: 20 Leading

Causes of Death, United States, 2016 [custom data query]. Retrieved October 1, 2018, from

.

5

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2018). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System: 20 Leading

Causes of Death, United States, 2016 [custom data query]. Retrieved October 1, 2018, from

.

6

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Infant Mortality 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2018, from

.

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2018). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System: 20 Leading

Causes of Death, United States, 2016 [custom data query]. Retrieved October 1, 2018, from

.

1

2

2016 Statewide Child Death Report

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