PhenX Toolkit
|About the Measure |
|Domain: |Eating Disorders |
|Measure: |Laboratory Meal |
|Definition: |A clinical assessment to provide objective assessment of food intake (e.g., multi-item meal paradigm). |
|About the Protocol |
|Description of Protocol: |The laboratory multi-item meal paradigm provides an observed, objective, standardized assessment of |
| |eating, including caloric intake, macronutrient and micronutrient content, pattern of eating, meal |
| |architecture, and abnormal eating behaviors. |
|Protocol Text: |Laboratory Eating Behavior – Multi-item Meal Paradigm: |
| | |
| |Before the meal: |
| |On the morning of a laboratory lunch meal, study participants eat a standardized breakfast. The time and|
| |content of the breakfast is consistent across all participants. For example, for breakfast is usually |
| |provided at 8 a.m., and consists of ~300 kcal (English muffin, pat of butter, and 8 oz apple juice). |
| |Participants are asked to have nothing to eat or drink (except water) between breakfast and the lunch |
| |meal. |
| | |
| |Meal Preparation Instructions: |
| |For a Multi-Item Meal, the laboratory lunch consists of an array of food items of differing caloric and |
| |fat content. All food items, utensils, and serving dishes are weighed in advance and placed on the table|
| |according to a specific layout map. |
| | |
| | |
| |Sample meal items (amounts sufficient to measure binge eating) |
| | |
| |Water |
| |3 16 fl oz bottles |
| | |
| |Iced tea bottles |
| |3 16 fl oz bottles |
| | |
| |Diet soda |
| |3 0.5 liter bottles |
| | |
| |M&Ms |
| |~2 king sized bags in a bowl |
| | |
| |Oreo cookies |
| |30 pieces on a plate |
| | |
| |Dunkin Donuts munchkins |
| |25 pieces, in the box |
| | |
| |Vanilla ice cream |
| |Half gallon container |
| | |
| |Popcorn |
| |Large bag, in a bowl |
| | |
| |Fried chicken |
| |8 pieces, 2 each of breast, wing, thigh & drumstick |
| | |
| |Grilled chicken cutlets |
| |6 pieces |
| | |
| |Tuna, water packed |
| |10 oz can, drained, in bowl |
| | |
| |Macaroni & Cheese |
| |1 20-oz package |
| | |
| |French fries |
| |Large plate |
| | |
| |White bread |
| |4 slices |
| | |
| |Whole wheat bread |
| |4 slices |
| | |
| |Pickles |
| |6 spears |
| | |
| |Salad – lettuce & carrot |
| |1 boat |
| | |
| |Fruit salad |
| |1 boat |
| | |
| |Mayonnaise |
| |1 squirt bottle |
| | |
| |Ketchup |
| |1 squirt bottle |
| | |
| |Mustard |
| |1 squirt bottle |
| | |
| |Butter |
| |½ stick (4 Tbs) |
| | |
| |Salad dressing |
| |1 8-fl oz bottle |
| | |
| |Salt & pepper |
| |1 shaker of each |
| | |
| | |
| |The participant is brought to the meal room by the research staff. Once in the room, the participant is |
| |given a standardized instruction. For example, “We would like this meal to resemble a normal meal that |
| |you would eat outside of the laboratory. Please eat as much or as little as you would like. You will |
| |have up to one hour to eat this meal. When you are sure that you are done eating, please signal that you|
| |are finished by ringing this bell.” |
| | |
| |The meal instruction can be modified. For example, if the study is measuring binge eating, the |
| |instruction might be, “Let yourself go and eat as much as you would like.” |
| | |
| |Participants are left alone in the room during the meal and are observed via one-way mirror or |
| |closed-circuit TV. |
| | |
| |After the meal: |
| |All food items need to be reweighed. |
| |The following can be calculated: |
| | |
| |Weight in grams of food consumed |
| |Calories consumed (kcal) |
| |Macronutrient composition, including grams of carbohydrate (CHO), protein (PRO), and fat (FAT) |
| |Diet energy density score, defined as intake (kcal) divided by weight (g) of food and beverage |
| |Diet variety score, defined as the cumulative number of different caloric foods and beverages |
|Participant: |Adults, ages 18 and older |
|Source: |Mayer, L. E. S., Schebendach, J., Shingleton, R. M., & Walsh, B. T. (2011). Eating behavior in anorexia |
| |nervosa: Before and after treatment. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45, 290–293. |
|Language of Source: |English |
|Personnel and Training Required: |Personnel should be trained in the care of participants with eating disorders and administration of |
| |laboratory eating behavior paradigm. |
|Equipment Needs: |Laboratory equipped to perform the eating behavior paradigm (e.g., closed-circuit television, variety of|
| |food, scales to weigh food consumed, etc.) |
|Protocol Type: |Clinical assessment |
|General References: |Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Haynos, A., Kotler, L., Yanovski, S., & Yanovski, J. (2007). Laboratory-based |
| |studies of eating among children and adolescents. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 3(1), 55–74. |
| | |
| |Tanofsky-Kraff, M., McDuffie, J. R., Yanovski, S., Kozlosky, M., Schvey, N. A., Shomaker, L. B., |
| |Salaita, C., & Yanovski, J. (2009). Laboratory assessment of the food intake of children and adolescents|
| |with loss of control eating. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(3), 738–745. |
| | |
| |Walsh, B. T. (2011). The importance of eating behavior in eating disorders. Physiology and Behavior, |
| |104(4), 525–529. |
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