Mater Academy Charter Middle / High School



Final Exam Review #1

____ 1 The masses and volumes of four cubes are shown.

[pic]

Which cube has the greatest density?

|F |1 |

|G |2 |

|H |3 |

|J |4 |

____ 2 Some scientists have estimated that in the 1700s, the U.S. bald eagle population was around 500,000. By 1960, the population was around 1,000. It was officially classified as endangered in 1967.

[pic]

Based on the information in the chart, which MOST likely caused the near extinction of bald eagles?

|A |increase in predators |

|B |decrease in rainfall rates |

|C |decrease in food sources |

|D |increase in human interaction |

____ 3 The drawing was part of a lab report turned in by a student.

[pic]

By looking at the change in the level of the water, which property of the rock sample was the student MOST likely measuring?

|A |mass |

|B |density |

|C |weight |

|D |volume |

____ 4 Megan takes a scale outside and places it on the ground. She then stands on the scale which reads 85 pounds. What is she measuring?

|F |the force of gravity acting on Megan |

|G |the air pressure surrounding the scale |

|H |the distance Megan is from the equator |

|J |the volume of the rock layers under the scale |

____ 5 Mercury and gold are both metals. Unlike gold, mercury cannot be used to make jewelry because it is a liquid at room temperature. The difference in the state of matter is an example of which type of property?

|A |chemical |

|B |electrical |

|C |nuclear |

|D |physical |

____ 6 Sodium bicarbonate [pic] is commonly known as baking soda. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that can dissolve in water. Under the proper conditions, sodium bicarbonate can release carbon dioxide [pic] gas. Which of the following is NOT a physical property of sodium bicarbonate?

|F |It is white. |

|G |It is a solid. |

|H |It can dissolve in water. |

|J |It releases carbon dioxide. |

____ 7 Paul and Karen were studying physical and chemical properties of matter. They determined that the mass of a sample was 50 grams. Which sentence BEST states how mass describes matter?

|A |The mass of a substance is a way to measure the amount of matter it contains. |

|B |Mass is a way to measure the force of gravity on a substance. |

|C |The mass of a substance may change based on its location. |

|D |Mass is a chemical property of a substance. |

____ 8 A beaker contains a liquid and a small object.

[pic]

What MUST be true regarding the liquid and the object seen in the beaker?

|A |The liquid is denser than the object. |

|B |The object is denser than the liquid. |

|C |The object has more mass than the liquid. |

|D |The liquid has more mass than the object. |

____ 9 A teacher breaks a bar of pure copper into two different-sized pieces. Which is the MOST likely difference between the two pieces?

|F |mass |

|G |texture |

|H |boiling point |

|J |melting point |

____ 10 When the first American astronauts were planning to walk on the Moon, they knew that the gravity on the Moon was less than the gravity on Earth. With this information, what did the astronauts expect to be MOST different on the Moon?

|A |their mass |

|B |their height |

|C |their weight |

|D |their volume |

____ 11 Anita heats a beaker containing water. As the temperature of the water increases, which change to the water molecules occurs?

|F |The molecules move at a faster rate. |

|G |The molecules become more massive. |

|H |The molecules expand and become wider. |

|J |The molecules separate into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. |

____ 12 The chart shows how much a person who weighs 150 pounds on Earth would weigh on different planets.

[pic]

Which is the MOST likely reason for the difference in weight?

|F |Each planet has a different mass. |

|G |Each planet has a different period of rotation. |

|H |Each planet has a different surface temperature. |

|J |Each planet has a different period of revolution. |

____ 13 The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force MOST likely causes the weight of an object to change?

|A |gravitational |

|B |electrical |

|C |magnetic |

|D |friction |

____ 14 If a triple-beam balance were taken to the Moon to measure a cup, the cup would have the same mass on the Moon as it would on Earth. Which is the MOST likely reason the cup would have the same mass on the Moon?

|F |The lack of a significant atmosphere on the Moon would affect the inside of the cup. |

|G |The gravity of the Moon is too low for the balance to measure the mass correctly. |

|H |The property of mass is constant regardless of the location of the object. |

|J |The pull of gravity from Earth would affect the triple-beam balance. |

____ 15 The weight of an object can change even when the mass stays the same. Which statement correctly identifies a relationship between mass and weight?

|A |The weight of an object depends on its mass and its volume. |

|B |Gravity affects the weight of an object but not its mass. |

|C |The mass of an object depends on its weight and size. |

|D |Magnetic fields can affect mass but not weight. |

____ 16 A teacher was using an instrument made of two metals called a bimetallic strip. Before she held the bimetallic strip over a flame, it was straight. When she placed the bimetallic strip in the flame, it started to curl.

[pic]

Which BEST describes the expansion of the metals?

|F |Metal A expanded more rapidly than Metal B. |

|G |Metal B expanded more rapidly than Metal A. |

|H |The average potential energy of Metal B increased more than Metal A. |

|J |The average potential energy increased more for Metal A than Metal B. |

____ 17 Students study how the temperature of a substance is related to the rate of molecular movement. The molecules in which substance are moving the fastest?

|A |cold milk |

|B |warm soup |

|C |water melting from ice |

|D |steam rising from boiling water |

____ 18 Anita heats a beaker containing water. As the temperature of the water increases, which change to the water molecules occurs?

|F |The molecules move at a faster rate. |

|G |The molecules become more massive. |

|H |The molecules expand and become wider. |

|J |The molecules separate into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. |

____ 19 The drawing represents cold water in a beaker.

[pic]

What would have to be done to increase the energy of motion of the water particles to their highest level?

|A |add heat to the water |

|B |add ice to the beaker |

|C |remove half of the water |

|D |place the beaker in the freezer |

____ 20 Puddles on the sidewalk evaporate when the Sun heats the water. Which of these BEST describes what is happening as the water evaporates?

|F |The puddle shrinks as water molecules group closer together. |

|G |Water seems to disappear because the molecules stop moving. |

|H |Water becomes a gas as molecules gain enough kinetic energy. |

|J |Warmth from the heated pavement absorbs the water molecules. |

____ 21 Emily made a chart that included physical changes and chemical changes. Which change should be categorized as a chemical change?

|A |Iron becomes rusty. |

|B |A gold bar is melted. |

|C |Lake water evaporates. |

|D |A granite rock is polished. |

____ 22 Louis was investigating the different changes through which matter can go. Which BEST represents a chemical change?

|F |salt dissolving |

|G |wood burning |

|H |water boiling |

|J |ice melting |

____ 23 While in the lab, Mark collected data on water temperature changes over time.

[pic]

In what segment of the graph does the substance have the lowest kinetic energy?

|F |1-2 |

|G |2-3 |

|H |3-4 |

|J |4-5 |

____ 24 The distance between atoms is often affected by temperature. The diagrams show water at three different temperatures.

[pic]

Which order of the diagrams indicates DECREASING distance between atoms?

|A |1, 2, 3 |

|B |2, 3, 1 |

|C |3, 2, 1 |

|D |1, 3, 2 |

____ 25 Trudy made a pitcher of lemonade. Which diagram BEST represents the liquid water molecules?

|F |[pic] |H |[pic] |

|G |[pic] |J |[pic] |

____ 26 The physical state of a substance depends on the arrangement of atoms or molecules within it. The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms of the same substance at two different times. At Time 1 the atoms are close together. At Time 2 the atoms are moving apart.

[pic]

Which phrase BEST describes the change occurring from Time 1 to Time 2?

|A |a gas becoming a solid |

|B |a gas becoming a liquid |

|C |a solid becoming a liquid |

|D |a liquid becoming a solid |

____ 27 When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should be listed as a chemical change?

|A |The substance was heated. |

|B |The shape of the substance changed. |

|C |The volume of the substance changed. |

|D |The substance changed into a new substance. |

____ 28 Jonas was making some bread. The chart shows the steps in the recipe he was using.

[pic]

In making fresh bread, which step involves a chemical change?

|F |combining the flour with the sugar |

|G |kneading the dough until smooth |

|H |adding an egg and a cup of flour |

|J |baking the dough in the oven |

____ 29 Which is an example of a physical change?

|A |ice melting |

|B |a nail rusting |

|C |bread baking |

|D |wood burning |

____ 30 The drawing represents a warning label found on a container.

[pic]

Which of the properties listed on the warning label would be considered a chemical property of the liquid in the container?

|F |red color |

|G |translucent |

|H |combustible |

|J |freezing point |

____ 31 Jim produced several sound waves while playing his guitar.

Which diagram shows the sound wave that Jim produced with the longest wavelength?

|A |[pic] |C |[pic] |

|B |[pic] |D |[pic] |

____ 32 Amber studied a graph of a mechanical wave.

[pic]

If Amber wanted to find out the wavelength, from which points should she measure?

|F |1 to 3 |

|G |1 to 5 |

|H |2 to 4 |

|J |3 to 5 |

____ 33 The volume of a sound depends on the amplitude of the sound waves. It is understood that the lower the amplitude, the quieter the sound. Which sound waves BEST represent the quietest sound?

|A |[pic] |

|B |[pic] |

|C |[pic] |

|D |[pic] |

____ 34 The diagram illustrates the interaction of waves with the ocean floor.

[pic]

Which zone shows waves with the longest wavelength?

|F |Zone 1 |

|G |Zone 2 |

|H |Zone 3 |

|J |Zone 4 |

____ 35 The periodic table provides information about the atoms of different elements. Which characteristic of an atom determines what element it is?

|A |number of neutrons |

|B |number of protons |

|C |state of matter |

|D |atomic mass |

____ 36 A student made a model of an atom using gelatin and grapes in a bowl as shown.

[pic]

Which part of the model would represent a proton?

|F |a grape |

|G |the bowl |

|H |a part of the gelatin |

|J |the area outside of the bowl |

____ 37 A student has blueberries, lemons, limes, and oranges available to make a model of an atom.

[pic]

Based on their size, which would BEST represent electrons in the model?

|A |blueberries |

|B |lemons |

|C |limes |

|D |oranges |

____ 38 A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion [pic] what must occur to the sodium atom?

|F |It must gain one electron. |

|G |It must lose one electron. |

|H |It must gain one proton. |

|J |It must lose one proton. |

____ 39 A teacher is performing a demonstration about static electricity for his class by rubbing a balloon against a wool sweater. The balloon sticks to the wool sweater. Which particles are exchanged during the demonstration?

|A |atoms |

|B |protons |

|C |neutrons |

|D |electrons |

____ 40 A certain atom has 20 electrons, 21 neutrons, and 20 protons. What is the atomic mass of the atom?

|F |20 |

|G |21 |

|H |41 |

|J |61 |

____ 41 The diagram shows the nuclei of some elements.

[pic]

Which are nuclei of the same element?

|A |1 and 2 |

|B |1 and 3 |

|C |2 and 4 |

|D |3 and 4 |

____ 42 LeBron learned about different parts within an atom. Which part of an atom is the LEAST massive?

|A |electron |

|B |neutron |

|C |nucleus |

|D |proton |

____ 43 Which model represents a particle with no charge?

|F |[pic] |H |[pic] |

|G |[pic] |J |[pic] |

____ 44 Bar 1 is made of glass and has been rubbed with silk. Bar 2 is made of rubber and has been rubbed with fur.

[pic]

If the bars are held 1 centimeter (cm) apart, why will they move closer together?

|F |Both bars have an increase in negatively charged particles. |

|G |Both bars have an increase in positively charged particles. |

|H |The bars have opposite charges. |

|J |The bars have become neutral. |

____ 45 Which of these will happen when an atom gains an electron?

|A |It will soon lose a proton. |

|B |It will attract other electrons. |

|C |It will increase in atomic mass. |

|D |It will become negatively charged. |

____ 46 Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?

|A |atoms |

|B |electrons |

|C |neutrons |

|D |protons |

____ 47 During a thunderstorm, Charles watched flashes of lightning through his window. Which process BEST describes the cause of the lightning?

|F |chemicals from different clouds combining to release energy |

|G |radioactive atoms in the atmosphere exploding between clouds |

|H |heat energy jumping between warmer clouds and colder clouds |

|J |charged particles moving between positively and negatively charged parts of clouds |

____ 48 If the Solar System were used as a model of an atom, what would the Sun MOST likely represent?

|F |an ion |

|G |a nucleus |

|H |a neutron |

|J |an electron |

____ 49 The table shows some characteristics of a few atoms.

[pic]

The mass of an element is the sum of the atomic number and the number of

|A |electrons. |

|B |ions. |

|C |neutrons. |

|D |protons. |

____ 50 Maria throws a ball to Thomas. The ball has kinetic energy and potential energy. The ball makes a path through the air, as shown in the diagram.

[pic]

At which labeled point on the diagram does the ball have the LEAST kinetic energy?

|F |1 |

|G |2 |

|H |3 |

|J |4 |

___ 51 A hydroelectric plant uses the power of falling water to turn turbines to create electricity to power homes, offices, and schools.

[pic]

Where is the potential energy to run the plant?

|A |1 |

|B |2 |

|C |3 |

|D |4 |

____ 52 A student is organizing a room. She moves a box from the floor to a shelf. She wants to estimate the amount of potential energy the box has on the shelf. What information does the student need?

|A |the volume and mass of the box |

|B |the mass of the shelf and the mass of the box |

|C |the mass of the box and the height of the shelf |

|D |the volume of the box and the height of the shelf |

____ 53 A Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. Food energy is commonly measured in Calories. A food Calorie is equivalent to 4,180 joules. If a medium banana contains 105 calories, how much energy does the banana contain in joules?

|F | 39.8 joules |

|G | 4,075 joules |

|H | 4,285 joules |

|J |438,900 joules |

____ 54 A juggler tosses balls into the air as he juggles.

[pic]

Which form of energy is increasing as the balls travel up into the air?

|F |kinetic energy |

|G |thermal energy |

|H |potential energy |

|J |chemical energy |

____ 55 A student plans to build a model rollercoaster for a science fair. The only energy for the car is the potential energy it contains. The student wants the car to roll from Point 1 to Point 2. Which design allows the car to roll to Point 2 by converting its potential energy into kinetic energy?

|F |[pic] |H |[pic] |

|G |[pic] |J |[pic] |

| | | | |

____ 56 A student builds a simple electric circuit.

[pic]

What are the main types of energy produced in this circuit when the switch is closed?

|A |thermal and light |

|B |sound and thermal |

|C |light and magnetism |

|D |magnetism and sound |

____ 57 Dams are built on rivers to hold back water.

[pic]

The water is then released and passes through turbines to produce

|F |solar energy. |

|G |thermal energy. |

|H |chemical energy. |

|J |electrical energy. |

____ 58 When the fuel in a gasoline engine is burned, the energy conversion is from

|A |chemical to kinetic. |

|B |potential to nuclear. |

|C |thermal to potential. |

|D |electrical to electromagnetic. |

|J |Y–Z |

____ 59 The line shows the path of the ball.

[pic]

As the ball moves from Point 3 to Point 4, which energy conversion is taking place?

|A |thermal to static |

|B |static to thermal |

|C |potential to kinetic |

|D |kinetic to potential |

____ 60 After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?

|F |mechanical energy to electrical energy |

|G |thermal energy to mechanical energy |

|H |nuclear energy to mechanical energy |

|J |thermal energy to electrical energy |

____ 61 When gasoline in a car engine is burned, only about 15 percent of the gasoline is converted into mechanical energy. This means that most of the energy in a gallon of gasoline is

|F |transformed into heat. |

|G |stored for use at a later time. |

|H |changed into chemical energy. |

|J |used to make the vehicle move. |

____ 62 Robert is thinking about buying a new refrigerator. His old refrigerator runs at about 43% efficiency. Which MOST likely accounts for the remaining 57% of the energy?

|A |It is used up by the light in the refrigerator. |

|B |It is released to the surroundings as heat. |

|C |It is stored as a form of potential energy. |

|D |It is converted into mechanical energy. |

____ 63 Molly was making iced tea by putting tea bags in boiling water. She needed to cool the hot tea quickly, so she poured it into a pitcher full of ice.

Which BEST describes the flow of thermal energy?

|F |from the ice to the tea |

|G |from the tea to the ice |

|H |from the pitcher to the tea |

|J |from the ice to the pitcher |

____ 64 A student is mixing a cup of hot chocolate with a spoon. How is the heat transferred between the hot chocolate and the part of the spoon that is in the hot chocolate?

|A |Conduction transfers energy from the spoon to the hot chocolate. |

|B |Conduction transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon. |

|C |Convection transfers energy from the spoon to the hot chocolate. |

|D |Convection transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon. |

____ 65 A student put a cube of butter on a metal rod. Then he put the other end of the rod in a beaker of hot water.

[pic]

The butter melted in ten minutes. Which BEST explains why the butter melted?

|A |Thermal energy heated the metal rod which conducted heat to the butter. |

|B |Electrical energy heated the metal rod which conducted heat to the butter. |

|C |Chemical energy heated the metal rod which conducted heat to the butter. |

|D |Mechanical energy heated the metal rod which conducted heat to the butter. |

____ 66 The speed of a sound wave varies as it travels though different substances. Which factor will MOST affect the speed of a sound wave?

|A |the frequency of the wave |

|B |the wavelength of the wave |

|C |the source that created the sound |

|D |the distance between molecules in the medium |

____ 67 In an investigation, water is placed in a glass container and placed on a hot plate.

[pic]

As the water is heated, the cooler, denser water at the surface sinks and pushes the warmer water to the top. The arrows shown on the beaker represent

|F |phase changes. |

|G |convection currents. |

|H |electromagnetic radiation. |

|J |energy transfer by conduction. |

____ 68 If all the waves were measured for a period of 5 seconds, which wave had the highest frequency?

|F |[pic] |

|G |[pic] |

|H |[pic] |

|J |[pic] |

____ 69 A light wave travels through the air, passes through glass, and then travels back into the air.

[pic]

Which BEST describes what is happening to the light when it passes from the air and travels through the glass?

|A |The light wave is diffused. |

|B |The light wave is reflected. |

|C |The light wave is refracted. |

|D |The light wave is diffracted. |

____ 70 Annabelle observes ocean waves approaching a beach. Ocean waves are mechanical waves and can be shown in a diagram.

[pic]

Which part of the diagram would represent the amplitude of the wave?

|F |1 |

|G |2 |

|H |3 |

|J |4 |

____ 71 Frank shined a beam of light at the surface of a mirror. A piece of paper above the mirror was lit up.

[pic]

What caused the light to shine on the paper above the mirror?

|A |The light was refracted. |

|B |The light was reflected. |

|C |The light was amplified. |

|D |The light was diffracted. |

____ 72 Through which medium would sound travel the fastest?

|F |air |

|G |space |

|H |steel |

|J |water |

____ 73 Which diagram shows the reflection of a wave?

|A |[pic] |C |[pic] |

|B |[pic] |D |[pic] |

____ 74 A strong beam of light is directed toward a tank filled with water.

[pic]

What caused the beam of light to change direction?

|A |change in media |

|B |change in altitude |

|C |increase in pressure |

|D |increase in temperature |

____ 75 A student tossed four different stones into a pond and photographed the wave produced by each stone.

[pic]

Based on the pictures, which stone produced the wave with the GREATEST wavelength?

|F |Stone 1 |

|G |Stone 2 |

|H |Stone 3 |

|J |Stone 4 |

____ 76 During a 4th of July celebration, scientists were measuring sound waves as the fireworks exploded. Which illustration indicates that the fireworks were becoming louder?

|A |[pic] |

|B |[pic] |

|C |[pic] |

|D |[pic] |

____ 77 Machines are often full of moving parts that rub against each other. In machines, a lubricant such as oil is often applied to these moving parts. Why is this oil necessary?

|F |to enhance the effectiveness of friction |

|G |to increase the efficiency of the machine |

|H |to provide an additional source of energy |

|J |to produce more thermal energy from the machine |

|D |The energy in the molecules of the air canceled out the energy in the frying pan. |

____ 78 A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these BEST explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?

|A |Gravity increases as the basketball bounces. |

|B |The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball. |

|C |Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor. |

|D |The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air. |

____ 79 A recent article in a science journal explains the relationship between convection currents and plate tectonics. As fluid within the mantle circulates, it causes crustal plates to move. Which is MOST likely causing the liquids inside Earth to circulate?

|F |energy transfers |

|G |global warming |

|H |tidal variations |

|J |ocean currents |

____ 80 Which statement BEST describes why sweating is so important in humans?

|F |Sweating rids the body of excess water. |

|G |Sweating washes bacteria away from the body. |

|H |Sweating allows the pores in the skin to absorb more oxygen. |

|J |Sweating regulates and maintains the body’s temperature balance. |

____ 81 An elephant is a multicellular organism that weighs about 200 pounds at birth and can grow to weigh as much as 15,000 pounds. What increases as the elephant grows into an adult?

|A |the size of each body cell |

|B |the number of cells in its body |

|C |the amount of energy in its cells |

|D |the collection of water in each cell |

____ 82 A common characteristic of all living things is that they

|A |breathe air. |

|B |walk upright. |

|C |are made of cells. |

|D |use sunlight for growth. |

____ 83 The basic unit of structure and function for both plants and animals is

|F |cells. |

|G |organs. |

|H |systems. |

|J |tissues. |

____ 84 The graphic shows the processes involved in the phases of a cell.

[pic]

Phases of cells are necessary in order for new cells to replace damaged or dead cells. Which part of the process forms new cells?

|A |Growth |

|B |DNA Synthesis |

|C |Preparation for Division |

|D |Mitosis |

____ 85 Mitosis is a process by which cells divide. What must happen before the cell divides?

|F |The membrane thickens. |

|G |Four nuclei must be formed. |

|H |Chromosomes must be copied. |

|J |The number of organelles doubles. |

____ 86 A living organism is able to maintain its body functions through several different levels of organization. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?

|A |tissue, cell, organ, organ system |

|B |organ, cell, organ system, tissue |

|C |cell, tissue, organ, organ system |

|D |organ system, tissue, organ, cell |

____ 87 The table below shows the level of structural organization in many living organisms.

[pic]

At what level would a human heart be classified in the structural organization chart?

|F |1 |

|G |2 |

|H |3 |

|J |4 |

____ 88 A student accidentally dropped her notes from science class and now the pages are out of order. The notes are on levels of structural organization of living things. When reorganizing the section of her notebook, from simplest to most complex, which is the correct order for the pages?

|A |organisms – systems – cells – tissues – organs |

|B |cells – organs – systems – tissues – organisms |

|C |organisms – tissues – organs – systems – cells |

|D |cells – tissues – organs – systems – organisms |

____ 89 A basic plant cell is shown.

[pic]

Which organelle stores hereditary material and coordinates the activities of the cell?

|A |Organelle W |

|B |Organelle X |

|C |Organelle Y |

|D |Organelle Z |

____ 90 When the cells in an organism divide and reproduce, the organism can grow. Which cell organelle contains the genetic material for reproduction?

|A |the nucleus |

|B |the ribosome |

|C |the mitochondrion |

|D |the endoplasmic reticulum |

____ 91 An athlete is running a race. The athlete’s body needs energy. Which organelle in the athlete’s cells supply the energy for cellular functions?

|F |Golgi apparatus |

|G |mitochondrion |

|H |nucleus |

|J |ribosome |

| | |

____ 92 Vertebrate animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction. Which is an advantage of this type of reproduction?

|A |Time and energy is used to find a mate in the population. |

|B |There is increased genetic diversity within the population. |

|C |The offspring grows faster than one that is produced asexually. |

|D |The offspring receives its DNA from one parent and is identical to that parent. |

____ 93 An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it does not require fertilization. What advantage do offspring from sexual reproduction MOST likely have as a result of fertilization?

|F |The DNA of the offspring is the same as their parent. |

|G |The DNA variation in offspring allows them to adapt. |

|H |The offspring must use energy to find a mate. |

|J |The offspring are identical. |

____ 94 Some organisms reproduce sexually while other organisms reproduce asexually. Which would be an example of asexual reproduction?

|A |[pic] |

|B |[pic] |

|C |[pic] |

|D |[pic] |

____ 95 In some plants, red flowers are dominant (R) and white flowers are recessive (r). Two plants are crossed and the offspring have a possibility of [pic] red flowers and [pic] white flowers. Which Punnett square shows the cross and its offspring?

|F |[pic] |H |[pic] |

|G |[pic] |J |[pic] |

____ 96 A plant that grows red flowers was crossed with the same kind of plant that grows white flowers. Their offspring grew pink flowers. Which BEST explains why the offspring grew pink flowers?

|A |The offspring experienced a genetic mutation. |

|B |The offspring resulted from asexual reproduction. |

|C |The genes for flower color exhibited incomplete dominance. |

|D |A gene for pink-colored flowers was recessive in one of the parents. |

____ 97 A student is predicting whether the seeds of pea plants produced by the cross shown in the Punnett square will be wrinkled or round.  Round (R) seeds are dominant, and wrinkled (r) seeds are recessive.

[pic]

This cross will produce what percentage of offspring?

|F |100% round, 0% wrinkled |

|G | 75% round, 25% wrinkled |

|H | 50% round, 50% wrinkled |

|J | 25% round, 75% wrinkled |

____ 98 The genetic information of an organism is stored inside the cell structures shown.

[pic]

What is the name of these structures?

|A |chloroplasts |

|B |chromosomes |

|C |membranes |

|D |mitochondria |

____ 99 The diagram shows a Punnett square of the cross between the eye colors of two animals.

[pic]

Brown eye color is dominant and blue eye color is recessive. What is the percentage of offspring with brown eyes as shown by the data?

|F |0% |

|G |25% |

|H |50% |

|J |100% |

____ 100 A male fruit fly is homozygous dominant for gray body color (G) and is crossed with a female fruit fly that is homozygous recessive for ebony body color (g). What are the probable phenotypes of the offspring?

|A |25% gray, 75% ebony |

|B |50% gray, 50% ebony |

|C |100% ebony |

|D |100% gray |

____ 101 Arctic hares live in the Canadian tundra. In the winter, the ground is covered with snow. In the summer, grasses and small shrubs cover the ground. Which adaptation would BEST help the arctic hare survive and reproduce in this environment?

|F |thick fur that retains heat in the summer |

|G |long ears that remove excess heat in the winter |

|H |white fur in the winter that changes to brown fur in the summer |

|J |long claws in the summer that change to short claws in the winter |

____ 102 In the early 1800s, light-colored moths could be found resting on light-colored trees in England. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the trees began to turn dark because of black soot from factories. By 1898, most of the moths found in England were dark in color. What may have enabled the dark-colored moths to survive and reproduce more than the light-colored moths?

|A |Dark-colored moths were covered by pollution and were no longer threatened by predators. |

|B |Dark-colored moths were able to convert the soot to a chemical that was toxic to the predators. |

|C |Dark-colored moths were faster than light-colored moths and therefore able to escape predators. |

|D |Dark-colored moths were able to blend into the dark background and were not easily detected by predators. |

____ 103 Which trait of an animal MOST helps it survive in a very cold environment?

|F |thick fur |

|G |long ears |

|H |large eyes |

|J |sharp claws |

____ 104 Crocodiles are adapted to live in their environment. Which adaptations allow a crocodile to hunt land animals effectively without being detected?

|F |sharp claws and teeth for holding prey under water |

|G |strong jaws so prey cannot escape once it is caught |

|H |long tails to help them move quickly from the water to the land |

|J |eyes positioned on top of the head to see prey while under water |

____ 105 A scientist has identified four birds with different types of beaks.

[pic]

Which numbered bird beak has the BEST adaptation for tearing meat?

|A |1 |

|B |2 |

|C |3 |

|D |4 |

____ 106 The four-eyed butterfly fish has a dark spot on each side of its tail.

[pic]

Which is the MOST likely purpose of this adaptation?

|F |to attract prey |

|G |to communicate |

|H |to mark territories |

|J |to confuse predators |

____ 107 Ninety percent of the available energy is used or lost at each level of an energy pyramid.

[pic]

What does this MOST likely mean for the top consumers in the pyramid?

|F |They have the highest risk of being eaten. |

|G |They must eat the most to survive. |

|H |They have the most food sources. |

|J |They are least likely to starve. |

____ 108 Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?

|A |secondary consumers |

|B |primary consumers |

|C |decomposers |

|D |producers |

____ 109 A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown.

[pic]

Which describes one of the processes concerning the carbon cycle?

|A |Decomposers put carbon into the soil by breaking down organic material. |

|B |Factories remove carbon from the atmosphere through burning materials. |

|C |Plants put carbon back into the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. |

|D |Consumers remove carbon from the atmosphere through the process of respiration. |

____ 110 Changes to abiotic factors in an environment can impact biotic factors. Which statement is the BEST example of this situation?

|F |Heavy rainfall increases soil erosion. |

|G |Melting glaciers cause sea levels to rise. |

|H |Cold temperatures cause rocks to weather. |

|J |Drought conditions increase competition among consumers. |

____ 111 A simple food chain is shown.

[pic]

According to the food chain, which would represent the flow of energy through this food chain?

|F |[pic] |

|G |[pic] |

|H |[pic] |

|J |[pic] |

____ 112 A food web shows some of the interactions between organisms in an ecosystem.

[pic]

Which organism in this food web could be either a primary consumer or a secondary consumer?

|F |Fox |

|G |Grasshopper |

|H |Mouse |

|J |Songbird |

____ 113 A student is studying the effects of pollution from the use of non-renewable resources. Which resource is the student MOST likely studying?

|A |coal |

|B |trees |

|C |water |

|D |wind |

____ 114 An Arctic food web is shown.

[pic]

Which is the producer in this food web?

|F |Herring |

|G |Phytoplankton |

|H |Polar bear |

|J |Seal |

____ 115 Michael’s family is building a new house. They would like to use electricity generated by renewable resources. Which of these power supplies would help the family accomplish its goal?

|F |gasoline engine |

|G |solar roof panels |

|H |coal power plant |

|J |nuclear power plant |

____ 116 A simple food chain from a wetland environment is shown.

[pic]

Organisms from which niche contain the GREATEST amount of energy?

|F |producers |

|G |decomposers |

|H |primary consumers |

|J |secondary consumers |

____ 117 The cycling of materials such as carbon, water, and other nutrients is mainly dependent upon

soil-dwelling organisms.

[pic]

Which pair of organisms shown are decomposers?

|A |Fungi and Bacteria |

|B |Bacteria and Grass |

|C |Fungi and Mice |

|D |Mice and Grass |

____ 118 A power company wants to use more renewable energy when producing electricity. What technology will help the company meet the goal?

|A |hydroelectric power |

|B |nuclear power plants |

|C |natural gas generators |

|D |coal-fired power plants |

____ 119 In a tropical rainforest, shrubs and plants grow better in areas where a canopy tree has fallen. Which MOST likely occurs in the area where the tree falls that helps the plants and shrubs grow taller?

[pic]

|A |a decrease in competition for sunlight |

|B |a decrease in the amount of rainfall |

|C |an increase in herbivore population |

|D |an increase in soil fertility |

____ 120 Burning fossil fuels provides a main source of energy in many parts of the world. Which is a disadvantage of using fossil fuels?

|F |Fossil fuels can be used in the production of plastics. |

|G |The burning of fossil fuels can form greenhouse gases. |

|H |The burning of fossil fuels is used to power automobiles. |

|J |Fossil fuels can be found at shallow depths underground. |

____ 121 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 to address problems that existed in the environment. Which is the EPA MOST likely interested in reducing?

|A |the emissions from volcanic activity |

|B |the level of pollution caused by people |

|C |the amount of ozone in the stratosphere |

|D |the amount of oxygen produced by trees |

____ 122 In the past 200 years, the Continental United States has lost a large percentage of its wetland habitat.

[pic]

What MOST likely caused the loss of the wetlands during this time period?

|F |decrease in global temperatures |

|G |increase in human population |

|H |increase in hurricane activity |

|J |decrease in sea level |

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