Cambridge IGCSE - Hodder Education

Cambridge

IGCSE?

ICT

Second Edition

Graham Brown Brian Sargent David Watson

We are working with Cambridge International Examinations to gain endorsement for this new edition of the worldwide bestselling Student's Book.

This edition now includes Brian Sargent in the expert author team, alongside first edition authors Graham Brown and David Watson. The book has been fully revised and updated to cover every part of the latest Cambridge IGCSE? ICT (0417) syllabus.

n Written by experts, who bring a wealth of theoretical knowledge and practical experience to both the book and the CD

n Ensures that students are fully prepared for both the written theory paper as well as the two practical papers

n Covers each section of the syllabus with clear explanations and plenty of tasks and activities

Every Student's Book includes a CD that contains source files for the tasks and activities.

Supported by a Teacher's CD An essential companion to the Student's Book, featuring guidance and support for teaching the course ? including additional activities for use in class, as well as examination-style questions (with model answers) and a glossary.

Evaluate the whole book After publication, you can evaluate the printed book or the Student eTextbook for free, for 30 days.

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Visit igcse to sign-up and learn more.

Praise for the First Edition

"I think this book is a fantastic resource since it has clearly been written by people with an intimate knowledge of the requirements of this qualification and a determination to make it accessible to students and tutors alike."

HHHHH Amazon Review

"There are loads of brilliant images, it's not copy heavy. As a study book it's friendly and easy to dip in and dip out of. It has all the latest developments in the IT world. I highly recommend this book for anyone involved in IT education."

HHHHH Amazon Review

"To say this book is well used in my school would be an understatement. My copy is battered and worn, dog eared and bulging with notes and book marks. It is an excellent book filled with comprehensive notes. I have written a book on this syllabus but my students use that book for revision this book for standard class work."

HHHHH Amazon Review

Cambridge IGCSE? ICT Second Edition Graham Brown, Brian Sargent, David Watson

Student's Book 9781471837951 Teacher's CD 9781471807237

?21.99 ?75.00

The Student's Book is also available as a Student eTextbook ? a digital version of the printed book delivered via the Dynamic Learning platform ? that you can assign to students so they can download and view on any device.

Contents

Introductionvi

Section 1 Theory

1

Chapter 1 Types and components of computer systems

1

1.1 Hardware and software

1

1.2 Main components of computer systems

6

1.3 Operating systems

7

1.4 Types of computer

8

1.5 Impact of emerging technologies

13

Chapter 2 Input and output devices

19

2.1 Input devices and their uses

19

2.2 Direct data entry devices

20

2.3 Output devices and their uses

22

Chapter 3 Storage devices and media

27

3.1 Backing up of data

27

3.2 Types of access

28

3.3 Secondary storage media

29

Chapter 4 Networks and effects of using them

30

4.1 Networks

30

4.2 Network issues and communication

34

Chapter 5 The effects of using IT

37

5.1 Effects of IT on employment

37

5.2 Effects of IT on working patterns within organisations

41

5.3 Microprocessor-controlled devices in the home

43

Chapter 6 ICT applications

45

6.1 Communication applications

45

6.2 Data handling applications

47

6.3 Measurement applications

48

6.4 Microprocessors in control applications

50

6.5 Modelling applications

51

6.6 Applications in manufacturing industries

53

6.7 School management systems

54

6.8 Booking systems

55

6.9 Banking applications

57

6.10 Computers in medicine

58

6.11 Computers in libraries

59

6.12 Expert systems

60

6.13 Computers in the retail industry

61

6.14 Recognition systems

63

6.15 Monitoring and tracking systems

64

6.16 Satellite systems

65

Chapter 7 Systems life cycle

67

7.1 Analysis

67

7.2 Design

68

7.3 Development and testing

70

7.4 Implementation

72

7.5 Documentation

75

7.6 Evaluation

76

Chapter 8 Safety and security

78

8.1 Physical safety

78

8.2 e-safety

80

8.3 Security of data

82

8.4 Additional security of data online

84

Chapter 9 Audiences

86

9.1 Audience appreciation

86

9.2 Legal, moral, ethical and cultural appreciation

90

Chapter 10 Communication

92

10.1 Communication with other ICT users using email

92

10.2 Making effective use of the Internet

95

Section 2 Practical

98

Chapter 11 File management

99

11.1 Manage files effectively

99

11.2 Reduce file sizes for storage and transmission

105

Chapter 12 Images

108

12.1 Software tools

108

12.2 Image editing

115

Chapter 13 Layout

120

13.1 Use software tools to prepare a basic document

120

13.2 Use software tools to use headers and footers

127

Chapter 14 Styles

135

14.1 Purpose of corporate house styles

135

14.2 Applying styles to ensure consistency of presentation

149

Chapter 15 Proofing

155

15.1 Software tools

155

15.2 Proofing techniques

163

Chapter 16 Graphs and charts

172

16.1 Graphs and charts

172

Chapter 17 Document production

193

17.1 Format text and organise page layout

193

17.2 Use software tools to edit tables

205

17.3 Mail merge a document with data source

216

Chapter 18 Data manipulation

223

18.1 Create a database structure

223

18.2 Manipulate data

229

18.3 Present data

238

Chapter 19 Presentations

247

19.1 Use a master slide to appropriately place objects

247

19.2 Use suitable software tools to create presentation slides

253

19.3 Use suitable software tools to display the presentation

261

Chapter 20 Data analysis

273

20.1 Create a data model

273

20.2 Test the data model

281

20.3 Manipulate data

289

20.4 Present data

304

Chapter 21 Website authoring

319

21.1 Web development layers

319

21.2 Create a web page

327

21.3 Use stylesheets

335

21.4 Test and publish a website

341

Index354

1 Types and components of computer systems

In this chapter you will learn about:

hardware software the main components of a computer system operating systems different types of computer systems the impact of emerging technologies.

Computer systems are now commonplace in every part of our daily life. This first chapter introduces the basic components that make up these computer systems, most of which will be described in much greater depth in later chapters. Basic components, including hardware (both external and internal) and software (both application and system) are all briefly introduced in the following sections.

A good analogy is to compare computers with books: the actual pages and ink used on the pages of a book are equivalent to the hardware used to make up computers; the words written on the pages are equivalent to the software. Without the words, the book is useless. Similarly, without software, computers would be of little use to any of us.

1.1 Hardware and software

Hardware is a general term for the physical components that make up a computer system: the keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer and so on. Hardware can be either external or internal.

Software is a general term for the programs that control the computer system. There are two types of software: application and system. Examples of each are shown on the following pages.

Figures 1.1 and 1.2 describe some of the features of both application and system software. Further details about software can be found in the later chapters of this textbook.

Hardware falls into two categories: external and internal. External hardware (input, output and storage devices) is covered extensively in the following chapters of this textbook.

Figure 1.3 on page 4 considers the following internal hardware devices:

the motherboard random access memory (RAM) read-only memory (ROM) video card sound card internal storage devices: hard disk drive (HDD) and solid state drive (SSD).

Since it isn't always possible to see the internal hardware devices, the photographs in Figure 1.4 on page 5 give the reader some idea of the physical appearance of the components described in Figure 1.3.

1

1 Types and components of computer systems

Word processor Word processing software is used to manipulate text documents, such as an essay or a report. Text is entered using a keyboard and the software provides tools for copying, deleting and various types of formatting. Some of the functions include:

? creating, editing, saving and manipulating text

? copy and paste functions ? spell checkers and thesaurus ? import photos/images into a

structured page format ? translation into other languages.

Spreadsheet Spreadsheet software is used to organise and manipulate numerical data (in the form of integer, real, date, and so on). Numbers are organised on a grid of lettered columns and numbered rows. The grid itself is made up of cells, and each cell is identified using a unique combination of columns and rows (for example, B6). Some of the functions include:

? use of formulas to carry out calculations

? ability to produce graphs ? ability to do modelling and

`what if' calculations.

Database Database software is used to organise, manipulate and analyse data. A typical database is made up of one or more tables. Tables consist of rows and columns. Each row is called a `record' and each column is called a `field'. This provides the basic structure for the organisation of the data within the database. Some of the functions include:

? ability to carry out queries on database data and produce a report (dbms)

? add, delete and modify data in a table.

Control and measuring software Control and measuring software is designed to allow a computer or microprocessor to interface with sensors so that it is possible to:

? measure physical quantities in the real world (such as temperatures)

? control applications (such as a chemical process) by comparing sensor data with stored data and sending out signals to alter process parameters (for example, open a valve to add acid and change the pH).

APPLICATION SOFTWARE Programs that allow the user to do specific tasks

Apps Apps (short for Applications) normally refers to the type of software that runs on mobile phones or tablets. They are usually downloaded from an `Apps Store' and range from games to sophisticated software such as phone banking. Common examples include:

? video and music streaming ? GPS (global positioning systems

which, together with satellite navigation, help you find your way to a chosen location) ? camera facility (taking photos and storing/manipulating the images taken).

Photo editing software Photo editing software allows a user to manipulate digital photographs stored on a computer; for example, change brightness, change contrast, alter colour saturation or remove `red eye'. They also allow for very complex manipulation of photos (for example, change the features of a face, combine photos, alter images to give interesting effects and so on). They allow a photographer to remove unwanted items and generally `touch up' a photo to make it as perfect as possible.

Figure 1.1 Application software

Video editing software Video editing software allows a user to manipulate videos to produce an edited video. It enables the addition of titles, colour correction and altering/adding sound to the original video. Essentially it includes:

? rearranging, adding and/or removing sections of video clips and/or audio clips

? applying colour correction, filters and other video enhancements

? creating transitions between clips in the video footage.

Graphics manipulation software Graphics manipulation software allows bitmap and vector images to be changed. Bitmap images are made up of pixels that contain information about image brightness and colour. Bitmap graphics editors can change the pixels to produce a different image. Vector graphic editors operate in a different way and don't use pixels. This type of software manipulates lines, curves and text to alter the stored image as required. The type of editing software used depends on the format of the original image.

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