Iowa State University



Energy Balance and Body Composition What is a bomb calorimeter?Instrument used to measure the calorie value of foods. One pound of fat contains approximately how many kcal?3500 kcalBen’s dinner contains 35 g of fat, 70 g of CHO, and 43 g of protein. What is the total kcal for the meal?35 x 9 = 31570 x 4 = 28043 x 4 = 172Total = 767 kcalWhat is BMR?Basal metabolic rate – energy needed to sustain metabolism needed for life. Which of the following is the smallest part of the typical distribution of energy output?BMR – 60-65%Physical Activity – 25-35%Thermic Effect of Food – 5-10% What is REE and TEE?Resting energy expenditureTotal energy expenditureLucy is a 65-year-old female who weighs 130 pound and it 5’ 6’’. She has a sedentary lifestyle (PAL = 1.23). Using the easy-to-use formula, what is her REE?Females: (weight [kg] x 0.9) x 24130 lb / 2.2 = 59(59 x 0.9) x 24 = 1274 kcalWhat is her TEE?REE x PAL1274 x 1.23 = 1567.02What is Lucy’s BMI?(130/66^2) x 703 = 20.9Normal rangeWhat is the Hamwi equation used to find? Ideal body weight (IBW)What is considered a high-risk waist circumference?Males >40 inFemales >35 inWeight Management What are some of the health complications associated with obesity? Sleep apneaLung diseaseLiver diseaseGallstonesCancerStroke Heart diseaseDiabetesPancreatitisAbnormal periods in womenArthritisEtc...What is satiety?The feeling of satiation or fullness after a mealWhat is the function of ghrelin?A hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates hungerWhat are some of the signals that tell the body to stop eating? Orexin – hormone produced by the hypothalamus, regulated appetite and sleepStretch receptors in the stomachCCK – hormone released from the duodenum that stimulates bile to be released from the gallbladderPYY – hormone secreted by cells in the ileum and colon, reduces appetiteInsulin – secreted by the pancreas and stimulates uptake of glucose from the bloodIncreased glucose and amino acids in the bloodDescribe hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Hypertrophy: Increase in cell sizeHyperplasia: Increase in the number of cellsWhat is the result of larger portion sizes? Consumption of more foodWhich of the following would have the highest satiety?ProteinWhat is behavior therapy? The goal of behavior therapy is to overcome barriers to compliance and change behavior. Using this strategy, you set realistic goals, use rewards, stimulus control, and self-monitor. Can modest weight loss have dramatic health benefits? YesFitnessDefine physical fitness.The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time pursuits. What are some of the beneficial effects of physical fitness?Reduces risk for unhealthy weight gain, heart disease, hypertension, stoke, diabetes, types of cancer, depression, etc..What do the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend?At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity per week. Define aerobic and anaerobic.Aerobic – use oxygenAnaerobic – without oxygenWhat are characteristics of type 1, slow twitch muscle? Activity: aerobicFuel: Glucose and fatIncreased mitochondria and increased use of fat for fuelWhat are characteristics of type 2, fast twitch muscle? Activity: anaerobicFuel: ATP/creatine phosphate/glucose via glycogenIncreased cell size and increased amount of glycogenWhat is creatine phosphate and when would the body use this? A compound in the body that provides a reserve of phosphate to regenerate ADP to ATP. Use in short intense bursts of activity such as a sprint or lift. Low to moderate intensity activities such as hiking use more of what?CHOFatHigh intensity activities such as a race or marathon are going to use more of which?CHOFat ................
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