Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism

Fact Sheet No. 32

NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Material contained in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given and a copy of the publication containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, 8-14 avenue de la Paix, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.

ii

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction.................................................................................. 1

III. HUMAN RIGHTS AND TERRORISM......................................... 3 I A. What are human rights?................................................... 3

B. What is terrorism?............................................................. 5 C. The impact of terrorism on human rights.................... 7 D. Accountability and the human rights of victims........... 9 E. Terrorism and other aspects of international law.......... 11

III. HUMAN RIGHTS AND COUNTER-TERRORISM................................. 19 A. The promotion and protection of human rights while countering terrorism........................................................ 19 B. The flexibility of human rights law.................................... 22

III. SPECIFIC HUMAN RIGHTS CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF. TERRORISM AND COUNTER-TERRORISM................................ 30 A. The right to life................................................................. 30 B. Challenges to the absolute prohibition against torture...... 32 C. Transfer of individuals suspected of terrorist activity.......... 33 D. Liberty and security of the person..................................... 36 E. Profiling and the principle of non-discrimination............... 37 F. Due process and the right to a fair trial............................. 38 G. The principle of legality and the definition of terrorism..... 39 H. Freedom of expression and the prohibition of incitement

to terrorism ...................................................................... 41 I. Freedom of association..................................................... 43 J. Surveillance, data protection and the right to privacy........ 45 K. Economic, social and cultural rights................................... 46

Annex: United Nations action to counter terrorism........................ 57

iii

"The promotion and protection of human rights for all and the rule of law is essential to all components of the Strategy, recognizing that effective counter-terrorism measures and the promotion of human rights are not conflicting goals, but complementary and mutually reinforcing"

United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (General Assembly resolution 60/288, annex)

iv

Introduction

The human cost of terrorism has been felt in virtually every corner of the globe. The United Nations family has itself suffered tragic human loss as a result of violent terrorist acts. The attack on its offices in Baghdad on 19 August 2003 claimed the lives of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Sergio Vieira de Mello, and 21 other men and women, and injured over 150 others, some very seriously.

Terrorism clearly has a very real and direct impact on human rights, with devastating consequences for the enjoyment of the right to life, liberty and physical integrity of victims. In addition to these individual costs, terrorism can destabilize Governments, undermine civil society, jeopardize peace and security, and threaten social and economic development. All of these also have a real impact on the enjoyment of human rights.

Security of the individual is a basic human right and the protection of individuals is, accordingly, a fundamental obligation of Government. States therefore have an obligation to ensure the human rights of their nationals and others by taking positive measures to protect them against the threat of terrorist acts and bringing the perpetrators of such acts to justice.

In recent years, however, the measures adopted by States to counter terrorism have themselves often posed serious challenges to human rights and the rule of law. Some States have engaged in torture and other ill-treatment to counter terrorism, while the legal and practical safeguards available to prevent torture, such as regular and independent monitoring of detention centres, have often been disregarded. Other States have returned persons suspected of engaging in terrorist activities to countries where they face a real risk of torture or other serious human rights abuse, thereby violating the international legal obligation of non-refoulement. The independence of the judiciary has been undermined, in some places, while the use of exceptional courts to try civilians has had an impact on the effectiveness of regular court systems. Repressive measures have been used to stifle the voices of human rights defenders, journalists, minorities, indigenous groups and civil society. Resources normally allocated to social programmes and development assistance have been diverted to the security sector, affecting the economic, social and cultural rights of many.

These practices, particularly when taken together, have a corrosive effect on the rule of law, good governance and human rights. They are also counterproductive to national and international efforts to combat terrorism.

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download