GCSE PHYSICAL EDUCATION



PE TARGET GRADE:

PE PRACTICAL GRADE:

PE EXAM GRADE:

GCSE PHYSICAL EDUCATION

GCSE P.E consists of three areas:

50% Practical

Candidates have to be assessed in four sports, 25% is marked during the lesson and 25% is marked during a P.E moderation exam. The sports that are taught during curriculum time are:

Sport Grade

|Football | |

|Fitness Training (Circuit/Coopersmith) | |

|Trampolining | |

|Basketball | |

|Athletics | |

|Rounders | |

|Dance | |

|Netball | |

|Rugby | |

|Badminton | |

|Softball | |

Other areas that are taught as extra curricular activities (which may involve some cost);

Swimming (strokes), Swimming (survival), Hockey, Table Tennis

Through the use of video other sports that you may already take part in, may be used towards your GCSE grade. For example; Martial Arts, Horse Riding, Golf, Sailing and Canoeing (See your teacher) if you think you might fit into this category.

10% Analysis

This area includes coursework (Personal Exercise Plan PEP), rules and safety of an activity, being able to watch a performance and discuss it, identifying a players strengths and weaknesses and finally leadership.

40% Theory

This area is a major part of the course and is marked by a 1 ½ hour final exam in the summer. The remainder of this booklet is to help in within this area and should be brought to every theory lesson. For the exam you will need to be specific and be able to give sporting examples for most areas. The three main ways questions are asked are define, describe and explain, you need to understand the difference of these terms.

Analysis of Performance

Sport:

Rules:

Safety:

Analysis:

Strengths and Weaknesses:

Leadership:

Reasons for taking part in Physical Education

The benefits of physical activity are grouped as follows:

Personal/ Physical – to do with the body, our physical health

Psychological – to do with the mind, our psychological health

Social – to do with the way we interact with others, our social health

|Personal or Physical |Sport |Example |

|Gives me better muscle definition | | |

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|Psychological |Sport |Example |

|Makes me feel good/ improves my | | |

|confidence | | |

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|Social |Sport |Example |

|Helps me to learn how to cooperate with | | |

|others | | |

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Factors Affecting Participation and Performance

Factors that make a champion – make notes on the following 5 areas:

Psychological Factors:

Sociological Factors:

Luck:

Motor Skills:

Health and Fitness:

In the table below add the factors from the performance tree – muscular endurance, determination, ambition, access to good facilities, a good coach, balance, power, agility, reaction time, cardiovascular fitness and attitude.

|Psychological |Sociological |Luck |Motor Skill |Health & Fitness |Other |

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Name a sportsperson who you admire and describe why you admire them and what qualities they have.

Health Related Exercise

What are the areas that need to be considered to help to prevent ill health?

Example of infectious diseases?

1) Measles

2) Malarria

3) HIV/AIDS

It is said that prevention is better than cure. Explain how we can prevent hypokinetic diseases?

Name one hypokinetic disease and explain how it might be treated?

Definitions – explain the meanings

Health – A state of complete mental, physical and social well-being, not simply the absence of disease or infirmity.

Exercise – A form of physical activity done primarily to improve one’s health and physical fitness

Fitness – The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Performance – How well a task is completed

Health Related Exercise (HRE)

Explain the following five areas:

Cardiovascular Fitness;

Muscular Strength;

Muscular Endurance;

Flexibility;

Body Composition;

1. Body fat -

2. Lean body mass -

Task – Measure your wrist size in inches and compare against chart. Work out your Height-to-weight ratio and find out if you are underweight, ok or overweight.

Diet

Define Diet:

How is diet measured?

Joules;

Calories;

Explain Energy Balance and Metabolic Rate:

How do people lose weight?

1)

2)

3)

Define

Overweight:

Overfat:

Obese / Obesity:

What are the factors that affect an individual’s diet?

Write down and compare two other sports or events, in which you can find people who need more or less energy than others, or who may be quite different in weight from other participants.

The effects of under/overeating on body weight and performance

Define Optimum and explain it:

What factors affect optimum body weight and explain?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Give the name of a sport and then give an example of a situation in that sport where being overweight may hamper performance.

Eating Disorders;

1.

2.

Complete the following table (Be Specific)

|Sport |Example of a different weight |How performance is affected |

|Striker in a football team |Weight increase by two stone |Slower to get to the ball |

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The Seven Factors of a Balanced Diet

Explain the seven factors

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Food Groups

|Food Group |Examples |Main Function |

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Useful Nutritional Ideas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Energy and Sports activity

Carbo-loading

Describe a week leading up to a major competition describing what you would eat and why?

How much energy should be provided by carbohydrate, fat and protein?

Somatotypes

Explain terms and draw a picture to help illustrate the body shapes:

Ectomorph;

Endomorph;

Mesomorph;

Complete the list by filling in sports which are best suited to these body types

|Ectomorph |Endomorph |Mesomorph |

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What body type are you?

Measuring fat;

Somato Chart;

Cardiovascular Fitness

Define Cardiovascular Fitness;

Give some examples of sports that rely heavily on Cardiovascular fitness (Be Specific)

Draw and label the heart -

Complete the following table by stating the function of each part of the heart:

|Name |Function |

|Septum |Separates the two sides of the heart |

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Draw the double circulatory pump system and explain the process:

Make two lists one entitled veins and the other arteries. Then list the points about each. For example, arteries work at higher pressure.

What are capillaries and what is their function?

What is the Cardiac Cycle?

How does smoking affect the heart?

Why do we need to take our blood pressure?

What can you do to reduce the risk of high blood pressure?

1.

2.

3.

The Composition of Blood

Explain the following:

Red blood cells;

High cell count;

Low cell count;

Blood plasma;

White blood cells;

Platelets and clotting;

How Training and Fitness affect the Heart

Explain Heart Rate / Maximum Pulse rate:

Maximum Pulse Rate:

Stroke Volume:

Cardiac Output:

Cardiac Muscle:

How do we measure cardiovascular fitness?

Explain what your resting pulse rate is.

Where can you measure your pulse rate?

Work out your working pulse rate (show your working out) and explain what the Target Zone is.

The Respiratory System and Lungs

Draw and label the Respiratory System

Complete the table

|Name |Function |

|Larynx | |

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Describe what happens when we breathe in and out?

Explain the three major functions of the nasal passages.

1)

2)

3)

Explain Gaseous Exchange

What do we breath?

Define:

Tidal Volume;

Vital Capacity;

What happens to your breathing rate when you exercise and why does this happen?

List two main functions of the respiratory system

1)

2)

Explain the special nature of the capillaries in the circulatory system.

What damage can smoking do to the respiratory system?

Immediate Effects of Exercise

Describe the five immediate effects of exercise:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Tasks

1) Write out three ways in which the alveoli can be affected or their function impaired?

2) List three activities or times during an activity when you may become breathless?

3) List three sports in which drinks are taken at regular intervals and why?

4) Write down two fuels that are required to give energy to muscles?

Explain the terms aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration and give a sporting example when these types of respiration may be used?

Explain what is meant by Lactic Acid:

Effects of Regular Training and Exercise

Complete the task:

Complete the following sentences –

1. _______________________ _________________________ is the amount of blood pumped with each beat of the heart. With training this increases. Therefore this increase is a short term effect of exercise.

2. The ___________________ ________________ ____________________ is the heart rate at rest. There is much variation, but it is normally between 60 – 80 BPM. A person who exercises regularly, even over a short period of time, may reduce their RPR and this reduction is therefore a short term effect of exercise.

Complete the following sentence –

1. The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute is called the _____________________________.

Take the answers from all the tasks and write out the formula that connects them together.

What are the long-term benefits of exercise?

Name three ways you can improve cardiovascular fitness?

Aerobic and Anaerobic Activity

Define:

Aerobic;

Anaerobic;

List 8 activities for each heading

|Aerobic Activity |Anaerobic Activity |

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Explain from a game of your choice, when and how aerobic and anaerobic activity might be involved.

Compare from a game of your choice the different requirements for aerobic and anaerobic fitness needed for players of different positions in this game – e.g. a goalkeeper or centre forward in hockey.

The Principles of Training

Give an example other than rugby, of a sport where two people who take part have different training needs.

Give three different sporting examples which have similar fitness needs. Mention specific positions if this is relevant.

Explain the following terms and give a practical example:

Specificity;

Overload;

Use diagrams to explain the Training Zone

FITT Principle

F is for frequency

I is for intensity

T is for time

T is for type

Explain using practical examples the following terms:

Frequency;

Intensity;

Time;

Type;

Give three examples of how you could increase the intensity of a training session:

1)

2)

3)

Explain regularity and moderation, giving examples

Explain:

Progression;

Reversibility;

How can you measure both progression and reversibility, and give an example of this.

Explain how a fun runners training would be different from that of an elite marathon runner.

Warm-Up, Main Activity and Cool Down

Why do we warm-up?

1)

2)

3)

What is the purpose of a cardiovascular warm-up?

Name and explain the different types of stretching and give benefits of each one:

1)

2)

3)

Name a sport and describe three stretches that you might do, they should be suitable for the sport, for different parts of the body and static stretches.

What could you include in the main activity?

Name your sport and then name a skill or situation that you want to improve. Then devise a practice drill that could be used to improve the skill or situation.

What is a cool down and why do we do one?

Give a full example of what your cool down would contain.

Explain how lactic acid is produced and describe what might happen if it is not dispersed.

Methods of Training

What is Interval Training?

What are the advantages of Interval Training?

What is Continuous Training?

What are the advantages of Continuous Training?

What is Fartlek Running?

What are the advantages of Fartlek Running?

What is Cross Training?

What are the advantages of Cross Training?

What is Circuit Training?

What are the advantages of Circuit Training?

Name five sports and state the most suitable type of training

|Sport |Type of Training |

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Write a short paragraph to compare all the different types of training mentioned previously.

Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance

Define:

Muscular Strength;

Muscular Endurance;

Why do we need strength?

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

How do we improve muscular strength?

How do we measure strength?

Design a list of safety rules which should be carried out before and during a training session.

Weight Training

What is it?

What is it for?

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

How do you conduct a schedule?

1)

2)

3)

4)

Devise a personal weight training schedule for your specific sport

|No. |Exercise |Muscle Group |Weight |Reps |Sets |Rest |Date |

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Different Ways That Muscles Contract

Muscles cannot push they can only pull!

Explain and give an example of the following:

Isotonic contractions;

Isometric Contractions;

Antagonistic;

List the advantages and disadvantages of free weights and weight machines

Name a sport and then give an example of how strength would improve performance:

|Sport |Example |

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Bones

How are bones formed?

What does calcium do?

How does growth take place?

What is ossification?

Draw and label a bone

Define:

Epiphysis;

Diaphysis;

Cartilage;

Periosteum;

Compact Bone;

Cancellous Bone;

Calcium;

How do bones affect our performance?

What is Osteoporosis?

How can you look after your bones?

What are the functions of long bones?

1)

2)

3)

What are the functions of flat bones?

1)

2)

3)

What are the four functions of the skeleton?

1)

2)

3)

4)

Complete the table -

|Long Bones |Irregular Bones |Flat Bones |Short |

|Femur | | | |

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Label the Skeleton

[pic]

The Vertebral Column

What are the functions of the Vertebral Column?

What are the functions of the Ribs?

Name the five groups of the vertebral column and their function:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Draw and number the Vertebral Column.

Joints of the Body

Define:

Joint;

Complete the following table by describing the action and giving two sporting examples (Be Specific)

|Movement |Example |

|Flexion – the angle at the joint decreases |Knee - The leg bent in preparation to kick the ball |

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|Extension | |

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|Abduction | |

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|Adduction | |

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|Rotation | |

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Draw and explain the following types of joints

Synovial Joint

Ball and Socket Joint

Cartilaginous Joint

Hinge Joint

List five different joints and indicate the movement possible at each

|Joint Name and Type |Movement/s Possible |

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Notes

Muscles and Fat

What is the Body Mass Index BMI?

Work out your BMI?

What is lean body mass?

Explain and draw the three different types of muscle tissue -

Voluntary;

Involuntary;

Cardiac;

Give examples of each muscle type

|Voluntary |Involuntary |Cardiac |

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What are muscles made of?

What are fast twitch fibres?

What are slow twitch fibres?

Draw the arm including bones and muscles and label the drawing including the origins and insertions:

What does origin mean?

What does insertion mean?

What happens to the size of a muscle when it contracts?

What are tendons?

What are ligaments?

What is cartilage?

What is meant by muscle tone?

Work out what muscles bend and straighten the knee and elbow joints

Fill in the following table by naming a muscle and then saying the movement it is responsible for:

|Name of Muscle |Movement |

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What is the term used to describe muscle wastage?

What is the term used to describe muscle increase?

Give two examples of the effects that weight training can have on the muscles?

Complete the following table by stating how performance can be improved through increased muscle size:

|Sport and Muscle |Improved performance |

|Weightlifting - Bicep |Lift more weight |

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Notes

Label all the muscle positions in the Human Body:

[pic]Complete the table by stating the position of the muscle groups in the body and its function:

|Muscle Group |Position in Body |Function |

|Pectorals | | |

|Abdominals | | |

|Triceps | | |

|Latissimus dorsi | | |

|Gastrocnemius | | |

|Trapezius | | |

|Hamstrings | | |

|Quadriceps |Found in front of the leg above the knee |To allow flexion at the knee |

|Deltoid | | |

|Biceps | | |

|Gluteals | | |

|Cardiac | | |

Flexibility and Mobility

Define:

Flexibility;

How can you test your flexibility in your Hamstring?

Devise a test to measure the flexibility of another muscle?

Explain the three different types of stretches?

1)

2)

3)

What is Muscle Elasticity and give an example of it?

What is cramp and how can it be avoided?

How can we increase our flexibility?

Devise a safety list for performers related to flexibility?

Complete the following table by giving examples of how performance is improved by increasing flexibility.

|Sport |How performance is improved |

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Controversial and Contra-indicated Exercises

What are contra-indicated exercises?

Explain the following terms and give an example

Hyperextension;

Hyperflexion;

High impact and Low impact exercises;

Where are the vulnerable areas on a human and why are they?

What are overuse injuries?

What questions do you need to ask yourself before carryout an exercise?

Safety Aspects and Risk Assessment in Sport and Physical Activity

Name a specific sport that you are most knowledgeable and make a list of things that could be dangerous;

Now put them under the following headings

|Performer |Equipment |Environment |

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What is a balanced competition and give an example?

What sports do you think this would apply to most

Sports Injuries

Define:

Signs;

Symptoms;

What does the term R.I.C.E mean?

R

I

C

E

What does the term D.R.A.B.C mean?

D

R

A

B

C

What is the recovery position?

Complete the following table by explaining what the injury is, how it may occur, and what the treatment would be:

|Injury/Illness |How it may occur |Treatment |

|Joint Injuries | | |

|Dislocations | | |

|Torn Cartilage | | |

|Tennis Elbow | | |

|Muscle/soft tissue injuries | | |

|Fractures | | |

|Cuts | | |

|Grazes | | |

|Blisters | | |

|Bruises | | |

|Hypothermia | | |

|Dehydration | | |

|Unconsciousness | | |

|Concussion | | |

Posture

What is bad posture?

What different types of damage can be caused to the spine because of bad posture?

1)

2)

3)

Look at the picture on page 142 describe all the things that illustrate bad posture?

What is good posture?

How can you improve or maintain good posture?

Give a brief outline of the type of weight programme you think would help to produce good posture?

Skill Related Fitness

What is meant by the term skill related fitness?

Explain the following using examples:

1) A is for

2) B is for

3) C is for

4) P is for

5) R is for

6) S is for

Complete the following table:

|Skill |Specific Sporting Example |How is performance Improved |

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Describe a team sport where different players have different roles and therefore concentrate on different skill areas?

Drugs in Sport

What is a drug?

Write down the three different categories of drugs explain them and give examples of the types of drugs in those areas?

1)

2)

3)

What are the side effects of using drugs?

Why do sports people take drugs?

Name three sports stars who have be caught using drugs and explain why you think they took them?

What is blood doping?

Complete the following table by explaining the type of drug and how it could be used to improve performance.

|Type of drug and explanation |Examples of drug |Side effects of drug to the performer |Named sport and how performance can be improved |

|Stimulants | | | |

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Revision

Getting a list of revision topics -

It will help you to revise if you make a list of topics for revision using the unit headings that appear in this book. Tick them off the list when you think you have covered that topic. Remember to come back to any area you are unsure of, or that you found difficult.

Definitions -

Make a list of definitions of key terms and get a partner to read them out in random order. First of all you should say what term is being defined. For example, if you are told that the definition is “extremely overweight” your answer would be that this is the definition for the key term ‘Obese’.

Next your partner can read out the word and you can define it.

You should make sure you know all the key terms in the book in particular the following:

➢ Health, exercise, fitness, and performance terms

➢ Health-related exercise terms

➢ Skill fitness terms

➢ Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate

➢ Vital Capacity, tidal volume

➢ Overweight, overfat, obese.

Areas You Need To Know:

➢ 14 Reasons for taking part in sport;

➢ 7 factors of a balanced diet – what are they and why do we need each factor;

➢ Somatotypes – what are the categories and their relationship to sport;

➢ The Heart – to be able to label and state the functions of the heart, to explain the double circulatory system, arteries, veins and capillaries;

➢ The Respiratory System – how it works and what happens when we breath in and out, the names and functions of the lungs, the chemical production of energy;

➢ Principles of Training – SPORRM IS FITT what is it and how do we apply it;

➢ Methods of training – what are they, what are their advantages and disadvantages, how would they benefit different sports;

➢ Health Related Exercise – what are the five aspects of HRE and be able to define them;

➢ Skill Related Fitness – ABCPRS what is it and to be able to give specific examples explaining how they can improve performance;

➢ Muscles – naming them and how do they work;

➢ Bones – naming them and knowing what makes a bone;

➢ Joints – types of joint, and range of movements and joints;

➢ Safety – equipment, environment, first aid;

➢ Drugs – the different types, their effects to the performance and the performer;

Glossary

Ability: Qualities we have as a person, which we have inherited from our parents.

Active stretching: Also known as ballistic stretching. Extending limbs beyond normal range. Bouncing – not considered to be the safest type of stretch.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Chemical substance which provides all energy needs of our body. Must be constantly produced.

Aerobic Capacity: Ability of our heart and lung system to cope with activity over period of time.

Aerobic System: Energy system we use when enough oxygen is available to satisfy demands of our working muscles.

Anaerobic System: Energy system we use when oxygen is not available. We work without oxygen. Lasts approximately from the start of exercise for two minutes.

Aggression: Intention to dominate others forcefully.

Agility: Ability to change directions at speed.

Amateurs: People who take part in sport for enjoyment.

Antagonists: Muscles which work together with the prime mover to control movement at a joint. As the prime mover contracts the antagonist relaxes.

Appendicular Skeleton: Part of skeleton made up of arms, shoulder girdle, legs and hip girdle.

Atrophy: Loss of muscle mass due to physical inactivity.

Axial Skeleton: Part of skeleton made up of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

B

Blood pressure: Force of blood against walls of artery caused by heart pumping blood around the body.

Body Build: Ability to carry the correct amount of body fat and muscle.

Body Type: Use of somatotyping to describe body shape using terms endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph.

C

Cartilage: Tough layer of tissue covering and protecting the ends of bones. Also acts as a shock absorber between bones and joint.

Cholesterol: Fat like substance found in blood. Can build up on artery walls.

Closed skills: Skills not affected by sporting environment, e.g. gymnastic vault.

Commercialisation: Use of any activity for business purposes and financial gain.

Co-ordination: Ability to perform complex movements easily.

Creatine Phosphate system: System which provides energy instantly but is used up very quickly.

D

Dehydration: Loss of body fluids, usually when working extremely hard in hot conditions.

E

Ectomorph: Body type with little fat or muscle and a narrow shape.

Endomorph: A body type, fat and pear shaped.

Etiquette: Special ways we are expected to behave in our sport.

Excellence: Performance in sport at the highest level.

Expiration: Breathing out waste products and air from lungs.

F

Fartlek: Speed play – method of training in which we vary pace and training conditions.

Fast twitch: muscle fibres which we use for anaerobic work. They provide fast powerful contractions, but tire easily.

Fatigue: Tiredness as a result of physical activity, caused by a build up of lactic acid in the body.

Feedback: Information about the outcome of a performance.

Fixators: Muscles which steady parts of the body to give prime movers firm base on which to work.

Flexibility: Range of movement about a joint (mobility, suppleness).

G

Glucose: Simple type of sugar, which is used for energy in the body.

Glycogen: Chemical substance we use to store glucose in the body.

H

Health Related Fitness: Fitness we need for everyday activities and good health.

I

Inspiration: Breathing air into the lungs.

L

Lactic Acid: Waste product of muscular action which builds up if oxygen is not present.

Lactic Acid System: Provides energy to working muscles when oxygen is not immediately available (Short Term Energy System).

Ligament: Band of fibre joining bone to bone and stabilising movement at a joint.

M

Maximum Strength: Maximum amount of force that can be applied by a muscle group or immovable object.

Mesomorph: Body type, muscular and wedge shaped.

Motivation: Determination to achieve certain goals.

Muscle tone: Slight, constant contraction of skeletal muscles.

Muscular endurance: Ability of muscles to work very hard for a limited period of time.

Muscular Power: Ability to contact muscles with speed and force in one explosive act.

N

Nutrients: Basic elements of food which provide nourishment for body.

O

Obesity: We are obese if we are more than 20% over standard weight for our height.

Open Skills: Skills which are affected by the whole sporting environment, e.g. hockey.

Ossification: Growth and development of bones.

Overload: Principle of training which states that we must work our body systems harder than normal to improve them.

Over Use Injuries: Caused by using a part of body incorrectly over a long period of time.

Oxygen Debt: The way we pay back oxygen after exercising anaerobically.

P

Passive stretching: Using a partner to slowly extend our limbs beyond normal range.

Plyometrics: Training method using explosive movements to develop muscular power, e.g. bounding and hopping.

Prime Movers: Muscles which are responsible for movement at a joint.

Professionals: People who take part in sport for payment.

Progression: Principle of training which states that amount of work we do must be increased gradually for improvement to take place.

Pulmonary Circulation: Movement of deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. In lungs Co2 is exchanged for O2 and oxygenated blood returns to the heart.

Pulse: Beating of heart which is felt at arteries near surface of body.

R

Residual Volume: Amount of air left in the lungs after breathing out as hard as possible.

Reversibility: Principle of training which states that any effects of training are not permanent and will be lost when training stops.

S

Set: Certain number of repetitions performed in succession when training, e.g. one set = ten repetitions.

Slow Twitch: Muscle fibres designed for aerobic work. Provide slower less powerful contractions than fast twitch fibres, but can keep working for long periods.

Specificity: Principle of training which states that training must closely resemble sporting activity for improvement to take place.

Sport Related Fitness: Level of fitness necessary for success in a specific sport.

Static Stretching: Slowly stretching limbs beyond normal range and holding position for short period of time.

Strength: Ability of muscle to overcome force or resistance.

Stretching: Extending movement of limbs about joints.

Stroke Volume: Amount of blood pumped out by heart in each contraction.

Synovial Joint: Joint containing synovial fluid which allows a range of movement.

Systemic Circulation: Movement of oxygenated blood from heart to working muscles and other body organs and return of deoxygenated blood to heart.

T

Tedium: Principle of training which states we must vary training methods to prevent boredom and over use injuries.

Tendons: Strong, fibrous tissue which joins muscle to bone.

Tidal Volume: Amount of air breathed in and out during normal breathing.

V

Vertebral Column: Vertebrae of spine which protect spinal cord.

Vital Capacity: Maximum amount of air we breath out after we breath in deeply.

VO2 Max: Maximum amount of oxygen that can be transported to and used by muscles during exercise in one minute.

Notes:

Example Exam Questions –

Factors Affecting Performance –

1. Which of these effects on the body would be most likely result of cigarette smoking?

(1 mark)

A An improvement in reaction time

B An increase in the rate of the heart beat at rest

C An increase in resistance to infection

D An increase in vital capacity

2. Define both i) Health and ii) Performance (2 marks)

3. Carbohydrates, fats and protein are all important components of a sensible diet.

Name three other nutritional components essential to a balanced diet. (3 marks)

4.What is meant by obesity? (2 marks)

5. Different athletes will eat different amounts. State two reasons for this. (2 marks)

6. Describe the following body types:

i) Mesomorph (2 marks)

ii) Endomorph (2 marks)

7. Jenny has been using the gym at the local sports centre regularly for several

months.

a) Which of her body systems would have been most affected if she had just been

using…

i) The weights? (1 mark)

ii) The cardiovascular equipment? (1 mark)

8. Whilst training for a swimming competition, Jenny was very careful about the

food she was eating. If she wanted to make sure she had sufficient energy, name

one food group she should eat. (1 mark)

Health and Fitness –

1. Fitness can be defined as:

(1 mark)

A How well a task is accomplished

B The ability to meet the demands of the environment

C The ability to perform a movement in a short period of time

D Freedom from disease

2. Muscular strength and muscular endurance are components of health related

exercise.

Explain the meaning of each. (4 marks)

3. Skill related fitness consists of six different parts.

Power, balance, co-ordination are three of these components.

Name TWO other components of skill related fitness. (2 marks)

4. Scenario - Orange Hill School

The AS level PE group at Orange Hill School are taken for their first lesson of the course by Mr Scott who sets the class into groups to run for 12mins around a 200m course. The aim of this is to run as many laps as possible in the time set and then to set out a Personal Exercise Plan for each member of the group.

Ai) Which aspect of Health Related exercise is Mr Scott testing in the group and what benefit might there be in doing this test before planning their exercise programme?

(2 marks)

ii) Which food group would be most useful to give the students energy to complete this activity and as it was a hot day, which would be the most important to prevent the students from becoming dehydrated? (2 marks)

Bi) Name the two principles of training Mr Scott is using to plan the exercise programme rather than just setting an exercise plan for the group as a whole. (2 marks)

Sports Injuries –

1. During mouth to mouth resuscitation, the patient’s head is tipped back to:

(1 mark)

A Raise the patient’s chest

B Make the patient comfortable

C Keep the windpipe open

D Ensure the blood runs to the head

2. What is meant by the term dislocation? (1 mark)

3. How is an athlete’s foot recognised? (1 mark)

4. How should athlete’s foot be treated? (2 marks)

5. State two joints of the body, which are very prone to dislocation when playing

sport. (2 marks)

6. State one major reason why a first aider should never attempt to replace a

dislocated bone. (1 mark)

7. What does R.I.C.E. stand for? (4 marks)

8. Rules or laws of the game can also help to prevent injury. Apart from the threat of

disciplinary action, why else should a performer obey the rules of the activity.

(2 marks)

Anatomy and Physiology –

1. Blood flows from the lungs to the heart through the:

(1 mark)

A Pulmonary vein

B Pulmonary artery

C Aorta

D Vena Cava

2. The bones of the skeleton can be classified into four major groups.

Flat (plate) bones form one type. List the other three: (3 marks)

3. Define the term joint. (1 mark)

4. In a synovial joint, what is the purpose served by:

i) Cartilage (1 mark)

ii) Synovial fluid (1 mark)

5. What is meant by voluntary muscle? (2 marks)

Notes:

Notes:

Notes:

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