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Chapter 1: Diversity in the United States: Questions and Concepts Multiple Choice1. The fastest growing group in the United States is ________.*a. Asian and Pacific Islandersb. Non-Hispanic white Americansc. Irish Americansd. African Americanse. AfricansCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Figure 1.1 The U.S. Population by Race and Ethnicity;?p. 6?Question Type:?MC2. The population of the United States is currently . . .a. NOT affected by long-standing, unresolved minority issuesb. Affected by low immigration ratesc. Very much the samed. NOT increasingly multilingual*e. Affected by long-standing, unresolved minority issuesCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Minority Groups: Trends and Questions;?p. 5Question Type:?MC3. Which of the following is NOT one of the defining characteristics of a minority group?a. Inequalityb. A pattern of disadvantage or inequalityc. Visible identifying traits or characteristics*d. Small group sizee. Usually determined by birthCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?What Is a Minority Group?;?p. 11Question Type:?MC4. By definition, a minority group is always . . .a. Smaller in number than the dominant groupb. Residentially segregated from the dominant group*c. Singled out for differential and unequal treatmentd. Distinguishable from the dominant group by its racial characteristicse. Distinguished from the dominant group by its ethnic originsCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?What Is a Minority Group?;?pp. 10–11Question Type:?MC5. Which of the following would be classified primarily as an ethnic minority group?a. African Americansb. Native Americans*c. Jewish Americansd. Asian Americanse. None of the aboveCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Visibility; p. 12Question Type:?MC6. The social or physical characteristics that mark the boundaries between groups are usually . . .*a. Selected for their visibility and convenienceb. Selected by the minority groups themselvesc. Scientifically significantd. Selected for their biological importancee. Inherently significantCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Visibility; p. 12Question Type:?MC7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cultural trait that may be associated with minority status?a. Language*b. Facial featuresc. Religiond. Types of foods eatene. Speech patternsCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Awareness; p. 12Question Type:?MC8. Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical of minority group membership’s ascribed status?a. It is usually acquired at birth.b. It typically cannot be easily changed.c. It is usually involuntary.*d. It can be altered through hard work and motivation.e. It is usually for life.Cognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Ascription; p. 13Question Type:?MC9. Laws on miscegenation refer to laws that . . .a. Prevented people from passing as members of another raceb. Prevented people of different races from eating together in public restaurants*c. Prevented members of different races from intermarryingd. Prevented members of different races from going to the same schoolse. Prevented members of the same sex from marryingCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Intimate Relationships. p. 13Question Type:?MC10. Stratification is another term for ________.a. prejudiceb. discrimination*c. the unequal distribution of valued goods and servicesd. status symbole. injusticeCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Stratification; p. 14Question Type:?MC11. Marxism is a complex theory of history and social change in which ________ is a central concept of concern.*a. inequalityb. prejudicec. fame or respectd. international ware. consensusCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Karl Marx; pp. 15–16Question Type:?MC12. “The most important source of inequality arises from a person's relationship to the means of production.” This statement is most likely to be heard from a ________.a. capitalistb. Weberianc. libertarian*d. Marxiste. RepublicanCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Karl Marx; p. 16Question Type:?MC13. According to Marx, the means of production in an agricultural society would include ________.a. factoriesb. social classc. wealth*d. land e. banksCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Karl Marx; p. 16Question Type:?MC14. Who expands the interpretation of inequality by identifying three separate stratification systems: prestige, property, and power?*a. Max Weberb. Emile Durkheimc. Karl Marxd. Auguste Comtee. Robert MichelsCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Max Weber; p. 16Question Type:?MC15. Max Weber thought that Marx's ideas about inequality were too ________.*a. narrowb. optimisticc. complexd. abstracte. pessimisticCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Max Weber; p. 16Question Type:?MC16. In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that there is/are ________ dimension(s) of inequality.a. oneb. two*c. threed. foure. dozens ofCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Marx Weber; p. 16Question Type:?MC17. Gerhard Lenski is important because he linked the nature of inequality to the ________ of a society.a. group structureb. amount of prestigec. wealth*d. level of development of a society e. castesCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Gerhard Lenski; p. 17Question Type:?MC18. According to Lenski, inequality in an agricultural society centers on control of ________.a. educational opportunitiesb. factories and minesc. colleges and universities*d. land and labore. status and prestigeCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Gerhard Lenski; p. 17Question Type:?MC19. According to Lenski, inequality in a postindustrial society centers on control of ________.*a. educational opportunitiesb. factories and minesc. colleges and universitiesd. land and labore. status and prestigeCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Gerhard Lenski; p. 17Question Type:?MC20. ________ refers to how a person is layered or ranked in society according to how many valued resources he or she possesses.a. Social differentiation*b. Social stratificationc. Social capitald. Social statusCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Stratification; p. 14Question Type:?MC21. Women can be viewed as a minority group because . . .a. There are fewer women than men in the United Statesb. They are emotionally and physically weaker than menc. They are consciousness of being “inferior” to men*d. They have less property, prestige, and power in our societye. They have less property in our societyCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Gender; p. 24Question Type:?MC22. An important trend in recent research on American minority groups is to consider ________ as an important factor in shaping the experiences of minority group members.a. ageb. educationc. religion*d. gendere. sexual preferenceCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?The Social Construction of Gender; p. 26Question Type:?MC23. The thinking aspect of prejudice is called ________.a. affective prejudiceb. emotional prejudicec. behavioral prejudice*d. cognitive prejudicee. racist prejudiceCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Prejudice, p. 28Question Type:?MC24. Which of the following is NOT an example of affective prejudice?a. Fear and anger*b. Overgeneralization about a groupc. Repulsion and hatredd. Contempte. DistrustCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Prejudice; p. 28Question Type:?MC25. The concept of social distance best reflects ________.a. stereotypesb. prejudicec. economic factorsd. how close we stand to a person from another culture*e. the degree of intimacy we are willing to accept in our relations with members of other groupsCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Social Distance Scales; p. 33Question Type:?MC26. A person refuses to rent an apartment to a person of a different racial or ethnic group. This is an example of ________.a. prejudiceb. institutional discrimination*c. individual discriminationd. legal discriminatione. prejudice leading to institutional discriminationCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Institutional Discrimination; pp. 38–39Question Type:?MC27. The Robber’s Cave experiment supports the idea that prejudice can be caused by ________.a. lax supervision of young peopleb. extremely strict rules and regulationsc. conflict situations between groups*d. competitione. conflict between individualsCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Competition Between Groups and the Origins of Prejudice; p. 30Question Type:?MC28. When entire groups are treated unfairly and unequally in the institutions of the larger society, this is called ________.*a. institutional discriminationb. prejudicec. racismd. societal prejudicee. personal discriminationCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Institutional Discrimination; pp. 38–39Question Type:?MC29. Michelle is a poor African American woman. Her race, class, and gender may combine to produce a unique kind of inequality. The concept that describes this phenomenon is known as ________.*a. the matrix of dominationb. Marx’s class oppressionc. a minority groupd. triple discriminatione. the triple melting potCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Patricia Hill Collins; p. 18Question Type:?MC30. Which of the following social thinkers argued that the most important source of inequality in society was the system of economic production?a. Emile Durkheimb. Auguste Comte*c. Karl Marxd. Max Webere. Talcott ParsonsCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location: Karl Marx; p. 16Question Type:?MC31. Bogardus (1933) specified seven degrees of social distance. Which of the following is NOT one of these seven degrees?a. Close kinship by marriageb. Employment in my occupationc. My club as personal chumsd. My street as neighbors*e. My school as teachersCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Social Distance Scales; p. 33Question Type:?MC32. Prejudice and racism come to us through our ________ as a package of stereotypes, emotions, and ideas.*a. cultural heritageb. racial heritagec. genetic inheritanced. biological imperativee. historical underpinningsCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?The Sociology of Individual Prejudice; p. 31Question Type:?MC33. Research indicates that we generally become aware of group differences at what age?*a. As early as six months oldb. When we enter elementary schoolc. As preadolescentsd. When we enter high schoole. As we enter adulthoodCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?The Development of Prejudice in Children; p. 32Question Type:?MC34. The new form of prejudice that is often expressed in seemingly neutral language is known as ________.a. new millennium racismb. blatant racism*c. modern racismd. status quo racisme. overt racismCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Modern Racism: The New Face of Prejudice?; p. 36Question Type: MC?35. The statement, “New forms of prejudice are often expressed in seemingly neutral language or ‘objective’ terms,” reflects ________.a. new millennium racism*b. modern racismc. blatant racismd. status quo racisme. overt racismCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Modern Racism: The New Face of Prejudice?; p. 37Question Type: MC?36. The social construction of gender occurs through the influence of ________.a. parents, older siblings, and other adultsb. mass mediac. religious and educational institutionsd. the earliest division of labor among humans*e. all of the aboveCognitive Domain: Comprehension?Answer Location:?The Social Construction of Gender; p. 26Question Type:?MC37. While ethnicity reflects our cultural heritage, ________ might reflect our biological heritage.a. genderb. age*c. raced. statuse. social classCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Race and Biology; p. 22Question Type:?MC38. Which of the following is NOT a reason that group names have shortcomings?a. Members of the group may have little in common with each other.b. People do not necessarily use these labels when they think about themselves.c. There is no clear placement for some groups within the current naming system.*d. The names used are inherently racist.e. There is no clear placement for people who are members of more than one group within the current naming system.Cognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?What’s in a Name?; pp. 7–8Question Type:?MC39. ________ is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior.a. Status quo racismb. Individual prejudice*c. Ideological racismd. Modern racisme. Individual racismCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Ideological Racism; p. 38Question Type:?MC40. Which of the following would be primarily classified as a racial minority group?*a. African Americansb. Native Americansc. Jewish Americansd. Irish Americanse. None of the aboveCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Visibility; p. 12Question Type:?MC41. Recent advances in genetic research show that . . .a. There is less genetic variation within traditional racial groups than between groupsb. There is an equal amount of genetic variation between and within traditional racial groupsc. Biology matters much more in thinking about race than previously knownd. It is possible to group people in discrete and homogenous racial categories*e. There is more genetic variation within traditional racial groups than between groupsCognitive Domain:?Knowledge Answer Location: Race and Biology; p. 23Question Type:?MCTrue/False42. Over the past three decades, the number of immigrants arriving in the United States each year has significantly increased.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Immigration and Globalization; p. 40Question Type:?T/F43. Minority groups are usually disadvantaged as a result of the actions of another group or groups who benefit from the arrangement.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Culture, Socialization, and the Persistence of Prejudice; p. 31Question Type:?T/F44. The awareness of a minority group’s members of their differentiation from the dominant group provides the basis for strong bonds and a sense of group solidarity.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Awareness; p. 12Question Type:?T/F45. Interracial marriages were illegal in some states in the United States until the late 1960s.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Intimate Relationships; p. 13Question Type:?T/F46. Marx believed that the ultimate result of class struggle would be the victory of the working class and a classless society.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Karl Marx; p. 16Question Type:?T/F47. Marxism, as a theory, has been completely disproven and is no longer important as a source of insight into group relations.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Karl Marx; p. 16Question Type:?T/F48. Max Weber distinguished three different sources of stratification in society.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Max Weber; p. 16Question Type:?T/F49. According to the text, Max Weber thought it was important to analyze stratification within the level of development of a society, such as whether it is an agricultural or postindustrial society.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Max Weber; p. 16Question Type:?T/F50. A majority includes those with virtually NO power, prestige, or property.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Max Weber; p. 16Question Type:?T/F51. The major limitation of racial typologies is that they cannot provide clear dividing lines between racial groups.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Race and Biology; p. 22Question Type:?T/F52. Jane is prejudiced if she treats a person in a negative way because of that person’s membership in a particular group.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location:?Prejudice; pp. 28–29Question Type:?T/F53. Prejudice has at least two dimensions: an affective, or emotional, dimension and a cognitive, or thinking, dimension.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Prejudice; p. 28Question Type:?T/F54. Stereotypes are central to the affective dimension of prejudice.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Prejudice; p. 28Question Type:?T/F55. Research using social distance scales demonstrates that Americans rank other groups in similar ways across time and space.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Social Distance Scales; p. 33Question Type:?T/F56. Discrimination and prejudice do not necessarily occur together.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Discrimination; p. 37Question Type:?T/F57. Ideological racism is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Ideological Racism; p. 38Question Type:?T/F58. Ideological racism is the societal equivalent to individual discrimination.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?KnowledgeAnswer Location:?Ideological Racism; p. 38Question Type:?T/F59. Institutional discrimination is always obvious, overt, and consciously intended.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Institutional Discrimination; p. 39Question Type:?T/F60. The most important characteristic of a subordinate minority group is that a more powerful group dominates it.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Inequality; p. 11Question Type:?T/F61. Unlike race, gender has both a biological and a social component.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Gender; p. 19Question Type:?T/F62. The state laws against miscegenation were declared unconstitutional in the late 1960s.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Intimate Relationships; p. 13Question Type:?T/F63. Gender roles and relationships vary across time and from one society to another.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Gender; p. 24Question Type:?T/F64. Marx expanded Weber’s view of inequality by identifying three separate stratification systems.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Max Weber; p. 16Question Type:?T/F65. The skin color of any group balances the need for vitamin D and the need for melanin to protect against UV rays.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Race and Human Evolution; p. 20Question Type:?T/F66. The term dominant group refers to a numerical majority.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?What Is a Minority Group?; p. 11Question Type:?T/F67. There are no internal divisions, such as those based on class, power, race, or ethnicity, among members of the same minority group.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Minority Group Status and Stratification; p. 18Question Type:?T/F68. Gender equality is generally highest in the more developed, industrialized nations of North America and Western Europe.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Gender; p. 24Question Type:?T/F69. Group names are social constructions, created in particular historical situations and reflective of particular power relationships.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?What’s in a Name?; p. 7Question Type:?T/F70. Group relations in the U.S. are shaped by economic, social, and political forces beyond our borders.*a. Trueb. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?A Global Perspective; p. 40Question Type:?T/F71. Racial and ethnic labels are always accurate labels for how members of those groups view themselves.a. True*b. FalseCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?What’s in a Name?; p. 7Question Type:?T/FEssay 72. What is a minority group? Cite and explain the defining characteristics, paying special attention to “patterns of disability and disadvantage” and “visible characteristics.” By this definition, are women a minority group? Why or why not? How about left-handed people? Americans with disabilities? Gay and lesbian Americans? Could these groups be defined as minority groups? Justify your answer.a. Varies Cognitive Domain:?AnalysisAnswer Location:?What Is a Minority Group?; pp. 7–9Question Type:?ESS73. What are the three main premises of stratification? Use examples to explain how each of these main premises exists in the United States.a. VariesCognitive Domain:?ApplicationAnswer Location:?Max Weber; pp. 16–17Question Type:?ESS74. Explain what is meant by stratification. Summarize some of the important theories regarding the nature of stratification. Why is stratification an important concept in the study of minority groups? What are the significant connections between stratification and a minority group’s status?a. VariesCognitive Domain:?AnalysisAnswer Location:?Minority Group Status and Stratification Question Type:?ESS75. According to sociologists, the amount of inequality differs in societies because of different levels of technological development. Using concepts from your reading, explain how a development in technology translates into social inequality. How can higher levels of education address the problem?a. Varies Cognitive Domain:?AnalysisAnswer Location:?Gerhard Lenski; p. 17Question Type:?ESS76. What is the competition approach to prejudice? What explanations of prejudice are included? What significant research has been conducted in this tradition, and what evidence has been established in support of these theories? What are the strengths and limitations of these theories?a. Varies Cognitive Domain:?AnalysisAnswer Location:?Competition Between Groups and the Origins of Prejudice; pp. 29–31Question Type:?ESS77. Explain the distinctions found within the approaches to inequality offered by Marx, Weber, Lenski, and Hill Collins. Use specific and detailed examples from the readings to support your answer.a. VariesCognitive Domain:?AnalysisAnswer Location:?Theoretical PerspectivesQuestion Type:?ESS78. Using concepts from your reading, explain why differences in skin color appear among human populations.a. VariesCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Race and Human Evolution; pp. 20–22Question Type:?ESS79. Describe the reasons for internal divisions within a minority group. Use specific and detailed examples from the readings to support your answer.a. VariesCognitive Domain:?ComprehensionAnswer Location:?Minority Group Status and Stratification; p. 10Question Type:?ESS80. What is meant by the concept of modern racism? How does that concept differ from traditional or old-fashioned racism? What makes modern racism racist?a. VariesCognitive Domain:?AnalysisAnswer Location:?Modern Racism: The New Face of Prejudice?; pp. 36–37Question Type:?ESS ................
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