References for Volume I of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary ...
SECTION I: Surgical Biology
Chapter 1: Inflammatory Response
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Chapter 2: Molecular and Cellular Biology: Genomics
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Chapter 3: Biomarkers in Clinical Medicine
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Chapter 4: Stem Cells and Regenerative Therapy
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Chapter 5: Fluid Therapy
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Chapter 6: Shock
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45. Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, et al: Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 34:1589, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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47. Leach RM, Treacher DF: The pulmonary physician and critical care. 6. Oxygen transport: the relation between oxygen delivery and consumption. Thorax 47:971, 1992.
48. Levi M, van der Poll T, Buller HR: Bidirectional relation between inflammation and coagulation. Circulation 109:2698, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
49. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al: 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Intensive Care Med 29:530, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
50. Lima A, Bakker J: Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion. Intensive Care Med 31:1316, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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54. Marino PL: The ICU book, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2007, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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60. McMichael M, Moore RM: Ischemia-reperfusion injury pathophysiology, Part I. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 14:231, 2004.
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62. Miyamoto T, Fujinaga T, Yamashita K, et al: Changes of serum cytokine activities and other parameters in dogs with experimentally induced endotoxic shock. Jpn J Vet Res 44:107, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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65. Muir W: Trauma: physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 16:253, 2006.
66. Nel M, Lobetti RG, Keller N, et al: Prognostic value of blood lactate, blood glucose, and hematocrit in canine babesiosis. J Vet Intern Med 18:471, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
67. Nemzek JA, Agrodnia MD, Hauptman JG: Breed-specific pro-inflammatory cytokine production as a predisposing factor for susceptibility to sepsis in the dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:368, 2007.
68. Neyrinck AP, Liu KD, Howard JP, et al: Protective mechanisms of activated protein C in severe inflammatory disorders. Br J Pharmacol 158:1034, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
69. Oh JS, Kim SU, Oh YM, et al: The usefulness of the semiquantitative procalcitonin test kit as a guideline for starting antibiotic administration. Am J Emerg Med 27:859, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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86. Scheinman MM, Brown MA, Rapaport E: Critical assessment of use of central venous oxygen saturation as a mirror of mixed venous oxygen in severely ill cardiac patients. Circulation 40:165, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
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88. Schutzer KM, Larsson A, Risberg B, et al: Lung protein leakage in feline septic shock. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:1380, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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90. Silverstein DC, Waddell LS, Drobatz K: Vasopressin therapy in dogs with dopamine-resistant hypotension and vasodilatory shock. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:399, 2007.
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93. Trow AV, Rozanski EA, Delaforcade AM, et al: Evaluation of use of human albumin in critically ill dogs: 73 cases (2003–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:607, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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100. Wilkins PA, Otto CM, Baumgardner JE: Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndromes in veterinary medicine: consensus definitions. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:333, 2007.
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103. Prittie J: Optimal endpoints of resuscitation and early goal-directed therapy. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 16:329, 2006.
Chapter 7: Bleeding and Hemostasis
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296. Reade MS, Reddick RL, Bode AP, et al: Preservation of hemostatic and structural properties of rehydrated lyophilized platelets: potential for long-term storage of dried platelets for transfusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:397, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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299. Ribeiro A, Juhlin-Dannfelt A, Brodin LA, et al: Pulmonary embolism: relation between the degree of right ventricular overload and the extent of perfusion defects. Am Heart J 135:868, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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307. Russell KE, Grindem CB: Secondary thrombocytopenia. In Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, editors: Schalm’s veterinary hematology, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp 487.
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317. Scott-Montcrief JC, Treadwell NG, McCullough SM, et al: Hemostatic abnormalities in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:220, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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320. Séverine T, Cripps PJ, Mackin AJ: Estimation of platelet counts on feline blood smears. Vet Clin Pathol 28:42, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
321. Shore-Lesserson L, Manspeiser HE, DePerio M, et al: Thromboelastography-guided transfusion algorithm reduces transfusions in complex cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 88:312, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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333. Stokol T, Brooks M, Erb H, et al: Evaluation of kits for the detection of fibrin(ogen) degradation products in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 13:478, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
334. Stokol T, Brooks MB, Erb HN, et al: D-dimer concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Am J Vet Res 61:393, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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347. Thompson MF, Scott-Montcrief JC, Brooks MB: Effect of a single plasma transfusion on thromboembolism in 13 dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:446, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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353. Valeri CR, Khuri S, Ragno G: Nonsurgical bleeding diathesis in anemic thrombocytopenic patients: role of temperature, red blood cells, platelets, and plasma-clotting proteins. Transfusion 47:206S, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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356. Van Winkle TJ, Hackner SG, Liu SM: Clinical and pathologic features of aortic thromboembolism in 36 dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 3:13, 1994.
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358. Veres G, Radovitis T, Schultz H, et al: Effect of recombinant aprotinin on postoperative blood loss and coronary vascular function in a canine model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 32:340, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
359. Vilar P, Couto CG, Westendorf N, et al: Thromboelastographic tracings in retired racing greyhounds and in non-greyhound dogs. J Vet Intern Med 22:374, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
360. Vilar P, Ball R, Westendorf N, et al: Hemostatic effects of cryoprecipitate in dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation (abstract). J Vet Intern Med 23:692, 2009.
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368. Weiss DJ, Brazzell JL: Detection of activated platelets in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Vet Intern Med 20:682, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
369. White HD: Comparative safety of thrombolytic agents. Am J Cardiol 69:12A, 1992.
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371. Wiinberg B, Jensen AL, Rojkjaer R, et al: Validation of human recombinant tissue factor-activated thromboelastography on citrated whole blood from clinically healthy dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 34:389, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
372. Wiinberg B, Jensen AL, Rozanski E, et al: Tissue factor activated thromboelastography correlates to clinical signs of bleeding in dogs. Vet J 179:121, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
373. Wiinberg B, Jensen AL, Johansson PI, et al. Thromboelastographic evaluation of hemostatic function in dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Vet Intern Med 22:357, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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376. Wolberg AS, Meng ZH, Monroe DM, et al: A systematic evaluation of the effect of temperature on coagulation enzyme activity and platelet function. J Trauma 56:1221, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
377. Young E, Podor TJ, Venner T, et al: Induction of the acute-phase reaction increases heparin-binding proteins in plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:1568, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
378. Zeerleder S, Hack E, Wuillemin WA: Disseminated intravascular coagulation in sepsis. Chest 128:2864, 2009.
379. Zimmerman KL: Drug-induced thrombocytopenias. In Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, editors: Schalm’s veterinary hematology, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp 472.
380. Zimmerman LH: Causes and consequences of critical bleeding and mechanisms of blood coagulation. Pharmacotherapy 27:45S, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
381. Zmuda K, Neofotistos D, Ts’ao CH: Effects of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and heparinoid on thromboelastographic assay of blood coagulation. Am J Clin Pathol 113:725, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 8: Metabolism and Nutritional Needs of Surgical Patients
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16. Heyland DK: Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the seriously ill, hospitalized patient: a critical review of the evidence. J Nutr Health Aging 1:31, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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20. Marks SL, Cook AK, Reader R, et al: Effects of glutamine supplementation of an amino acid-based purified diet on intestinal mucosal integrity in rats with methotrexate-induced enteritis. Am J Vet Res 60:755, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
21. Mazzaferro E, Hackett T, Wingfield W, et al: Role of glutamine in health and disease. Compend Contin Ed Pract Vet 22:1094, 2000.
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23. Michel KE: Interventional nutrition for the critical care patient: optimal diets. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 13:204, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Michel KE: Nitrogen metabolism in critical care patients. Vet Clin Nutr 20(suppl):1998.
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26. Novak F, Heyland DK, Avenell A, et al: Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: a systematic review of the evidence. Crit Care Med 30:2022, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
27. O’Toole E, Miller CW, Wilson BA, Mathews KA, Davis C, Sears W: Comparison of the standard predictive equation for calculation of resting energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry in hospitalized and healthy dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:58, 2003.
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29. Remillard RL, Darden De, Michel KE, et al: An investigation of the relationship between caloric intake and outcome in hospitalized dogs. Vet Ther 2:301, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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31. Thatcher CD: Nutritional needs of critically ill patients. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 18:1303, 1996
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33. Wernerman J, Hammarqvist F: Glutamine: a necessary nutrient for the intensive care patient. Int J Colorectal Dis 14:137, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
34. Wray CJ, Mammen JM, Hasselgren P: Catabolic response to stress and potential benefits of nutrition support. Nutrition 18:971, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 9: Wound Healing
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34. Ellenhorn JD, Smith DD, Schwarz RE, et al: Paint-only is equivalent to scrub-and-paint in preoperative preparation of abdominal surgery sites. J Am Coll Surg 201:737, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
35. Ellison G: Wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. Small Anim Semin Vet Med Surg 4:287, 1989.
36. Eming SA, Krieg T, Davidson JM: Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 127:514, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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40. Furie B, Furie B: Mechanisms of thrombus formation. N Engl J Med 359:938, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gerstenfeld LC, Cho TJ, Kon T, et al: Impaired fracture healing in the absence of TNF-↑ signaling: the role of TNF-↑ in endochondral cartilage resorption. J Bone Miner Res 18:1584, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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44. Gottrup F, Ågren MS, Karlsmark T: Models for use in wound healing research: a survey focusing on in vitro and in vivo adult soft tissue. Wound Repair Regen 8:83, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
45. Graham M, Blomquist P, Zederfeldt B: The alimentary canal. In Cohen I, Diegelmann R, Lindbald W, editors: Wound healing: biochemical and clinical aspects, Philadelphia, 1992, WB Saunders, p 433.
46. Graham M, Diegelmann R, Elson C, et al: Collagen content and types in the intestinal strictures of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 94:257, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
47. Greif R, Akça O, Horn E-P, et al: Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection. N Engl J Med 342:161, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
48. Grimes J, Schmiedt C, Cornell K, et al: Identification of risk factors for septic peritonitis and failure to survive after gastrointestinal surgery in dogs. J Am Vet Med 238(4):486–494.
49. Grinnell F: Fibroblast biology in three-dimensional collagen matrices. Trends Cell Biol 13:264, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
50. Hainau B, Dombernowsky P: Histology and cellular proliferation in human bladder tumors: an autoradiographic study. Cancer 33:115, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
51. Haley R, Culver D, Morgan W: Identifying patients at high risk of surgical wound infection: a simple multivariate index of patient susceptibility and wound contamination. Am J Epidemiol 121:206, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
52. Halsted W: Circular suture of the intestine: an experimental study. Am J Med Sci 94:436, 1887.
53. Hantash B, Zhao L, Knowles J, et al: Adult and fetal wound healing. Front Biosci 13:51, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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55. Henry G, Garner W: Inflammatory mediators in wound healing, vol 83, New York, NY, 2003, ETATS-UNIS, Elsevier.
56. Hicks R: The mammalian urinary bladder: an accommodating organ. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 50:215, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
57. Hogstrom H, Hagland U, Zederfeldt B: Suture technique and early breaking strength of intestinal anastomoses and laparotomy wounds. Acta Chir Scand 151:441, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
58. Hogstrom H, Haglund U: Postoperative decrease in suture holding capacity in laparotomy wounds and anastomoses. Acta Chir Scand 151:533, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
59. Hopf HW, Viele M, Watson JJ, et al: Subcutaneous perfusion and oxygen during acute severe isovolemic hemodilution in healthy volunteers. Arch Surg 135:1443, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
60. Horan T, Andrus M, Dudeck M: CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 36:309, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
61. Hunt T, Knighton D, Thakral K, et al: Studies on inflammation and wound healing: angiogenesis and collagen synthesis stimulated in vivo by resident and activated wound macrophages. Surgery 96:48, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
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63. Jensen J, Goodson W, Vasconez L, et al: Wound healing in anemia. West J Med 144:465, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
64. Jensen J, Hunt T, Scheunenstuhl H, et al: Effect of lactate, pyruvate, and pH on secretion of angiogenesis and mitogenesis factors by macrophages. Lab Invest 54:574, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
65. Jensen LS, Andersen AJ, Christiansen PM, et al: Postoperative infection and natural killer cell function following blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 79:513, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
66. Jensen LS, Hokland M, Nielsen HJ: A randomized controlled study of the effect of bedside leucocyte depletion on the immunosuppressive effect of whole blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 83:973, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
67. Kilicoglu SS, Kilicoglu B, Erdemli E: Ultrastructural view of colon anastomosis under propolis effect by transmission electron microscopy. World J Gastroenterol 14:4763, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
68. Kim M, Liu W, Borjesson D, et al: Dynamics of neutrophil infiltration during cutaneous wound healing and infection using fluorescence imaging. J Invest Dermatol 128:1812, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
69. Kirby JP, Mazuski JE: Prevention of surgical site infection. Surg Clin North Am 89:365, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
70. Kirshen C, Woo K, Ayello EA, et al: Debridement: a vital component of wound bed preparation. Adv Skin Wound Care 19:506, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
71. Knighton D, Silver I, Hunt T: Regulation of wound-healing angiogenesis—effect of oxygen gradients and inspired oxygen concentration. Surgery 90:262, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
72. Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R: Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. N Engl J Med 334:1209, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
73. Lemonnier F, Gautier M, Wolfrom C, et al: Some metabolic differences between human skin and aponeurosis fibroblasts in culture. J Cell Physiol 104:415, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
74. Li Y, Deeb B, Pendergrass W, et al: Cellular proliferative capacity and life span in small and large dogs. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 51:B403, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
75. Lichenstein I, Herzikoff S, Shore J: The dynamics of wound healing. Surg Gynecol Obstet 130:685, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
76. Lieberman JR, Daluiski A, Einhorn TA: The role of growth factors in the repair of bone: biology and clinical applications. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:232, 2002.
77. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al: Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Am J Infect Control 27:97, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
78. Masera R, Staurenghi A, Sartori M, et al: Natural killer cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 140:299, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
79. Mast B: Healing in other tissues. Surg Clin North Am 77:529, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
80. Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, Sessler AM, et al: Heat flow and distribution during induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 82:662, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
81. Melling AC, Ali B, Scott EM, et al: Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 358:876, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
82. Meyhoff C, Wetterslev J, Jorgensen L, et al: Perioperative oxygen fraction—effect on surgical site infection and pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial: rationale and design of the PROXI-Trial. Trials 9:58, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
83. Mori R, Shaw TJ, Martin P: Molecular mechanisms linking wound inflammation and fibrosis: knockdown of osteopontin leads to rapid repair and reduced scarring. J Exp Med 205:43, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
84. Munireddy S, Kavalukas SL, Barbul A: Intra-abdominal healing: gastrointestinal tract and adhesions. Surg Clin North Am 90:1227, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
85. Nelson C, Dennis C: Wound healing: technical factors in the gain of strength in sutured abdominal wall wounds in rabbits. Surg Gynecol Obstet 93:461, 1951. PUBMED Abstract
86. Nichols R, Condon R, Barie P: Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery: 2005 and beyond. Surg Infect 6:349, 2005.
87. Nicholson M, Beal M, Shofer F, et al: Epidemiologic evaluation of postoperative wound infection in clean-contaminated wounds: a retrospective study of 239 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 31:577, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
88. Nuutinen P, Riekki R, Parikka M, et al: Modulation of collagen synthesis and mRNA by continuous and intermittent use of topical hydrocortisone in human skin. Br J Dermatol 148:39, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
89. Patronek GJ, Waters DJ, Glickman LT: Comparative longevity of pet dogs and humans: implications for gerontology research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 52:B171, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
90. Pierce GF, Mustoe TA, Altrock BW, et al: Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing. J Cell Biochem 45:319, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
91. Pryor K, Fahey T, Lien C, et al: Surgical site infection and the routine use of perioperative hyperoxia in a general surgical population: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291:71, 2004.
92. Qadan M, Akca O, Mahid SS, et al: Perioperative supplemental oxygen therapy and surgical site infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg 144:359, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
93. Regan MC, Kirk SJ, Wasserkrug HL, et al: The wound environment as a regulator of fibroblast phenotype. J Surg Res 50:442, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
94. Richardson DW, Dodge GR: Dose-dependent effects of corticosteroids on the expression of matrix-related genes in normal and cytokine-treated articular chondrocytes. Inflamm Res 52:39, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
95. Robson M: Wound infection: a failure of wound healing caused by an imbalance of bacteria. Surg Clin North Am 77:637, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
96. Sanabria A, Dominguez L, Valdivieso E, et al: Prophylactic antibiotics for mesh inquinal hernioplasty. Ann Surg 245:392, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
97. Sandrini S, Setti G, Bossini N, et al: Steroid withdrawal five days after renal transplantation allows for the prevention of wound-healing complications associated with sirolimus therapy. Clin Transplant 23:16, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
98. Schmidt-Bleek K, Schell H, Kolar P, et al: Cellular composition of the initial fracture hematoma compared to a muscle hematoma: a study in sheep. J Orthop Res 27:1147, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
99. Shandall A, Lowndes R, Young H: Colonic anastomotic healing and oxygen tension. Br J Surg 72:606, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
100. Steed D: Debridement. Am J Surg 187:71S, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
101. Tadros T, Wobbes T, Hendriks T: Blood transfusion impairs healing of experimental intestinal anastomoses. Ann Surg 215:276, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
102. Teller P, White T: The physiology of wound healing: injury through maturation. Surg Clin North Am 89:599, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
103. Thompson SK, Chang EY, Jobe BA: Clinical review: healing in gastrointestinal anastomoses, Part I. Microsurgery 26:131, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
104. Thornton FJ, Barbul A: Healing in the gastrointestinal tract. Surg Clin North Am 77:549, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
105. Tibbs MK: Wound healing following radiation therapy: a review. Radiother Oncol 42:99, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
106. Tobin G: Closure of contaminated wounds: biologic and technical considerations. Surg Clin North Am 64:639, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
107. Tonnesen MG, Feng X, Clark RAF: Angiogenesis in wound healing. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 5:40, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
108. Tyrone JW, Marcus JR, Bonomo SR, et al: Transforming growth factor {beta}3 promotes fascial wound healing in a new animal model. Arch Surg 135:1154, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
109. Ueno C, Hunt TK, Hopf HW: Using physiology to improve surgical wound outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 117(7 suppl):59S, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
110. Varley C, Hill G, Pellegrin S, et al: Autocrine regulation of human urothelial cell proliferation and migration during regenerative responses in vitro. Exp Cell Res 306:216, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
111. Weber EWG, Slappendel R, Prins MH, et al: Perioperative blood transfusions and delayed wound healing after hip replacement surgery: effects on duration of hospitalization. Anesth Analg 100:1416, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
112. Weber WP, Marti WR, Zwahlen M, et al: The timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Ann Surg 247:918, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
113. Weiss S, Zimmermann G, Pufe T, et al: The systemic angiogenic response during bone healing. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 129:989, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
114. Wilmink J, Stolk P, vanWeeren P: Differences in second-intention wound healing between horses and ponies: macroscopical aspects. Equine Vet J 31:61, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
115. Wilmink J, vanWeeren P, Stolk P, et al: Differences in second-intention wound healing between horses and ponies: histological aspects. Equine Vet J 31:61, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
116. Wishnow K, Johnson D, Grignon D, et al: Regeneration of the canine urinary bladder mucosa after complete denudation. J Urol 141:1476, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
117. Witte MB, Barbul A: Repair of full-thickness bowel injury. Crit Care Med 31:S538, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
118. Wolf NS: Cell replication rates in vivo and in vitro and wound healing as affected by animal age, diet, and species. In Wolf NS, editor: The comparative biology of aging, The Netherlands, 2010, Springer, p 97.
119. Wong Y, Martin B: A study of light and scanning electron microscopy of the lining epithelium of the guinea pig bladder following artificial ulceration. Am J Anat 150:219, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
120. Wornom I, Buchman S: Bone and cartilaginous tissue. In Cohen I, Diegelmann R, Lindblad W, editors: Wound healing: biochemical and clinical aspects, Philadelphia, 1992, WB Saunders, p 356.
121. Worthley L: Shock: a review of pathophysiology and management. Part I. Crit Care Resusc 2:55, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
122. Xu L, McLennan SV, Lo L, et al: Bacterial load predicts healing rate in neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care 30:378, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 10: Wound Infections and Antimicrobial Use
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57. Veber B, Gachot B, Bedos JP, Wolff M: Severe sepsis after intravenous injection of contaminated propofol. Anesthesiology 80:712, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
58. Whittem TL, Johnson AL, Smith CW, et al: Effect of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial treatment in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:212, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
59. Wichmann MW, Zellweger R, DeMaso CM, et al: Mechanism of immunosuppression in males following trauma-hemorrhage: critical role of testosterone. Arch Surg 131:1186; discussion 1191, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
60. Wilkens B, Sullivan P, McDonald TP, Krahwinkel DJ: Effects of cephalothin, cefazolin, and cefmetazole on the hemostatic mechanism in normal dogs: implications for the surgical patient. Vet Surg 24:25, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
61. Zacher AN, Zornow MH, Evans G: Drug contamination from opening glass ampules [see comment]. Anesthesiology 75:893, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 11: Evidence-Based Medicine and Outcomes Assessment
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SECTION II: Surgical Methods and Perioperative Care
Chapter 12: Sterilization
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14. Hugo W: A brief history of heat and chemical preservation and disinfection. J Appl Bacteriol 71:9, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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18. Kanemitsu K, Imasaka T, Ishikawa S, et al: A comparative study of ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and low-temperature steam formaldehyde sterilization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:486, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
19. Kanemitsu K, Kunishima H, Imasaka T, et al: Evaluation of a low-temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilizer. J Hosp Infect 55:47, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
20. Kelkar U, Bal A, Kulkarni S: Monitoring of steam sterilization process by biologic indicators—a necessary surveillance tool. Am J Infect Control 32:512, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
21. Klapes N, Greene V, Langholz A, et al: Effect of long-term storage on sterile status of devices in surgical packs. Infect Control 8:289, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
22. Kyi M, Holton J, Ridgway G: Assessment of the efficacy of a low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization system. J Hosp Infect 31:275, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
23. Mallison G, Standard P: Safe storage times for sterile packs. J Am Hosp Assoc 48:77, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
24. McKellop H, Shen F, Lu B, et al: Effect of sterilization method and other modifications on the wear resistance of acetabular cups made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: a hip-simulator study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:1708, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
25. Medel F, Kurtz S, Hozack W, et al: Gamma inert sterilization: a solution to polyethylene oxidation? J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:839, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
26. Mitchell S, Berg J: Sterilization. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, vol 1, Philadelphia, PA, 2003, Elsevier Science, p 155.
27. Okpara-Hofmann J, Knoll M, Durr M, et al: Comparison of low-temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization for endoscopes using various Sterrad models. J Hosp Infect 59:280, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
28. Pongchairerks P, Bhumisirikul W, Bhumisirikul P: Long-term storage of small surgical instruments in autoclaved packages. Asian J Surg 26:202, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Rutala W: APIC guidelines for selection and use of disinfectants. Am J Infect Control 18:99, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
30. Rutala W, Weber D: Disinfection and sterilization in health care facilities: what clinicians need to know. Healthcare Epidemiol 39:701, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
31. Rutala W, Weber D: Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, Augusta, GA, 2008, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
32. Rutala W, Weber D: Infection control: the role of disinfection and sterilization. J Hosp Infect 43:S43, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
33. Rutala W, Weber D: New disinfection and sterilization methods. Emerg Infect Dis 7:348, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
34. Schwartz R, Butt W, Bradley D, et al: Safe storage times for sterile instrument packs. Milit Med 157:406, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
35. Scott E, Gorman S: Glutaraldehyde. In Block S, editor: Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation, ed 5, Philadelphia, PA, 2001, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, p 361.
36. Silverman G: Sterilization and preservation by ionizing irradiation. In Block S, editor: Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation, ed 4, Philadelphia, PA, 1991, Lea and Febiger, p 566.
37. Spaulding E: Chemical disinfection and antisepsis in the hospital. J Hosp Res 9:5, 1972.
38. Spry C: Understanding current steam sterilization recommendations and guidelines. AORN J 88:537, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 13: Instrumentation
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Chapter 14: Preparation of the Patient, Operating Team, and Operating Room for Surgery
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106. Nishimura C: Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of povidone-iodine, povidone-iodine-ethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate-ethanol surgical scrubs. Dermatology 212:21, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
107. O’Shaughnessy M, O’Malley V, Corbett G, et al: Optimum duration of surgical scrub-time. Br J Surg 78:685, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
108. Olson M, Lee J: Continuous, 10-year wound infection surveillance. Arch Surg 125:794, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
109. Osuna D, DeYoung D, Walker R: Comparison of an antimicrobial adhesive drape and povidone-iodine preoperative skin preparation in dogs. Vet Surg 21:458, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
110. Osuna D, DeYoung D, Walker R: Comparison of three skin preparation techniques in the dog. Part 1: Experimental trial. Vet Surg 19:14, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
111. Osuna D, DeYoung D, Walker R: Comparison of three skin preparation techniques. Part 2: Clinical trial in 100 dogs. Vet Surg 19:20, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
112. Owen L, Gines J, Knowles T, et al: Efficacy of adhesive incise drapes in preventing bacterial contamination of clean canine surgical wounds. Vet Surg 38:732, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
113. Palmer J: Use of Avagard in pediatric urologic procedures. Urology 68:655, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
114. Parienti J, Thibon P, Heller R, et al: Hand-rubbing with an aqueous alcoholic solution vs traditional surgical hand-scrubbing and 30-day surgical site infection rates. JAMA 288:722, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
115. Paul J, Gordon M: Efficacy of a chlorhexidine surgical scrub compared to that of hexachlorphene and povidone-iodine. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 73:573, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
116. Paulson D: Comparative evaluation of five surgical hand scrub preparations. AORN J 60:246, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
117. Pereira L, Lee G, Wade K: The effect of surgical hand-washing routines on the microbial counts of operating room nurses. Am J Infect Control 18:354, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
118. Pereira L, Lee G, Wade K: An evaluation of five protocols for surgical handwashing in relation to skin condition and microbial counts. J Hosp Infect 36:49, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
119. Peterson A, Rosenberg A, Alatary S: Comparative evaluation of surgical scrub preparations. Surg Gynecol Obstet 146:63, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
120. Phillips B, Fergussen S, Armstrong P, et al: Surgical face masks are effective in reducing bacterial contamination caused by dispersal from the upper airway. Br J Anaesth 69:407, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
121. Phillips M, Vasseur P, Gregory C: Chlorhexidine diacetate versus povidone-iodine for preoperative preparation of the skin: a prospective randomized comparison in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:105, 1991.
122. Price P: The bacteriology of normal skin: a new quantitative test applied to a study of the bacterial flora and the disinfectant action of mechanical cleansing. J Infect Dis 63:301, 1938.
123. Price P: Re-evaluation of ethyl alcohol as a germicide. Arch Surg 60:492, 1950. PUBMED Abstract
124. Quesnel L: The efficiency of surgical masks of varying design and composition. Br J Surg 62:936, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
125. Ritter M: Infection: operating room environment. Clin Orthop 369:103, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
126. Ritter M: Operating room environment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 369:103, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
127. Ritter M, Eitzen H, French M: Comparison of horizontal and vertical unidirectional (laminar) air-flow systems in orthopedic surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 129:205, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
128. Ritter M, Eitzen H, French M, et al: The operating room environment as affected by people and the surgical face mask. Clin Orthop Relat Res 111:147, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
129. Ritter M, Eitzen H, Hart J, et al: The surgeon’s garb. Clin Orthop Relat Res 153:204, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
130. Ritter M, French M, Eitzen H: Evaluation of microbial contamination of surgical gloves during actual use. Clin Orthop Relat Res 117:303, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
131. Ritter M, French M, Hart J: Microbiological studies in a horizontal wall-less laminar air-flow operating room during actual surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 97:16, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
132. Ritter M, Olberding E, Malinzak R: Ultraviolet lighting during the orthopaedic surgery and the rate of infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:1935, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
133. Rochat M, Mann F, Berg J: Evaluation of a one-step surgical preparation technique in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:392, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
134. Rodeheaver F, Bellamy W, Kody M, et al: Bactericidal activity and toxicity of iodine-containing solutions in wounds. Arch Surg 117:181, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
135. Romatowski J: Prevention and control of surgical wound infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:107, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
136. Rosenberg A, Alatary S, Peterson A: Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143:789, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
137. Rotter M: Special problems in hospital antisepsis. In Russell A, editor: Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe’s principles and practice of disinfection, preservation and sterilization, ed 4, Malden, MA, 2004, Blackwell Publishing, p 540.
138. Rotter M, Kampf G, Suchomel M, et al: Population kinetics of the skin flora on gloved hands following surgical hand disinfection with 3 propanol-based hand rubs: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:346, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
139. Rutala W: APIC guidelines for selection and use of disinfectants. Am J Infect Control 18:99, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
140. Sanchez I, Nusbaum K, Swaim S, et al: Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine cytotoxicity to canine embryonic fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Surg 17:182, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
141. Sanchez I, Swaim S, Nusbaum K, et al: Effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine on wound healing in dogs. Vet Surg 17:291, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
142. Sandberg W, Daily B, Egan M, et al: Deliberate perioperative systems design improves operating room throughput. Anesthesiology 103:406, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
143. Sawyer R, Pruett T: Wound infections. Surg Clin North Am 74:519, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
144. Schwartz J, Saunders D: Microbial penetration of surgical gown materials. Surg Gynecol Obstet 150:507, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
145. Sebben J: Surgical antiseptics. J Am Acad Dermatol 9:759, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
146. Selwyn S, Ellis H: Skin, bacteria and skin disinfection reconsidered. Br Med J 1:136, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
147. Seropian R, Reynolds B: Wound infections after preoperative depilatory versus razor preparation. Am J Surg 121:251, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
148. Setlow B, Loshon C, Genest P, et al: Mechanisms of killing spores of Bacillus subtilis by acid, alkali and ethanol. J Appl Microbiol 92:362, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
149. Shaker L, Russell A, Furr J: Aspects of the action of chlorhexidine on bacterial spores. Int J Pharmaceut 34:51, 1986.
150. Shmon C: Assessment and preparation of the surgical patient and the operating team. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, vol 1, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Elsevier Science, p 162.
151. Siddique M, Matai V, Sutcliffe J: The preoperative skin shave in neurosurgery: is it justified? Br J Neurosurg 12:131, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
152. Smylie H, Logie J, Smith G: From pHisoHex to Hibiscrub. Br Med J 4:586, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
153. Stedman TL: Stedman’s medical dictionary, ed 28, Philadelphia, 2006, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p xlix.
154. Strachan C: Antibiotic prophylaxis in “clean” surgical procedures. World J Surg 6:273, 1972.
155. Stubbs W, Bellah J, Vermaas-Hekman D, et al: Chlorhexidine gluconate versus chloroxylenol for preoperative skin preparation in dogs. Vet Surg 25:487, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
156. Swaim S, Riddell K, Geiger D, et al: Evaluation of surgical scrub and antiseptic solutions for surgical and antiseptic solutions for surgical preparation of canine paws. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1941, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
157. Tanner J: Surgical hand antisepsis: the evidence. J Perioper Pract 18:330, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
158. Tanner J, Khan D, Walsh S, et al: Brushes and picks used on nails during the surgical scrub to reduce bacteria: a randomized trial. J Hosp Infect 71:234, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
159. Tanner J, Parkinson H: Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD003087, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
160. Tanner J, Swarbrook S, Stuart J: Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD004288, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
161. Tanner J, Woodings D, Moncaster K: Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004122, 2006. Review. PUBMED Abstract
162. Taylor G, Bannister G, Leeming J: Wound disinfection with ultraviolet radiation. J Hosp Infect 30:85, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
163. Thomas-Copeland J: Do surgical personnel really need to double-glove? AORN J 89:322, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
164. Towfigh S, Cheadle W, Lowry S, et al: Significant reduction in incidence of wound contamination by skin flora through use of microbial sealant. Arch Surg 143:885, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
165. Tunevall T: Postoperative wound infections and surgical face masks: a controlled study. World J Surg 15:383, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
166. Ulrich J: Dynamics of bacterial skin populations. In Maibach H, Hildick-Smith G, editors: Skin bacteria and their role in infection, New York, 1965, McGraw-Hill, p 219.
167. Veiga D, Damasceno C, Veiga-Filho J, et al: Povidone iodine versus chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis before elective plastic surgery procedures: a randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg 122:170e, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
168. Viega D, Camasceno C, Veiga-Filho J, et al: Randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine showers before elective plastic surgical procedures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30:77, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
169. Vince K, Lascelles B, Mathews K, et al: Evaluation of wraps covering the distal aspect of pelvic limbs for prevention of bacterial strike-through in an ex vivo canine model. Vet Surg 37:406, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
170. Wan P, Blackford J, Bemis D, et al: Evaluation of surgical scrub methods for large animal surgeons. Vet Surg 26:382, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
171. Webster J, Alghamdi A: Use of plastic adhesive drapes during surgery for preventing surgical site infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4):CD006353, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
172. Weinstein M: Blood culture contamination: persisting problems and partial progress. J Clin Microbiol 41:2275, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
173. Wheelock S, Lookinland S: Effect of surgical hand scrub time on subsequent bacterial growth. AORN J 65:1087, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
174. Whyte W, Hodgson R, Bailey P, et al: The reduction of bacteria in the operation room through the use of non-woven clothing. Br J Surg 65:469, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
175. Wilson S: Microbial sealing: a new approach to reducing contamination. J Hosp Infect 70:11, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
176. Winston K: Hair and neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 31:320, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
177. Wongworawat M, Jones S: Influence of rings on the efficacy of hand sanitation and residual bacterial contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:351, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
178. Worley D, Hohler S: OR construction project: from planning to execution. AORN J 88:917, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
179. Zamora J: Chemical and microbiologic characteristics and toxicity of povidone-iodine solutions. Am J Surg 15:400, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 15: Monitoring for Surgical Infection
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4. Culver DH, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, et al: Surgical wound infection rates by wound class, operative procedure, and patient risk index. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Am J Med 91:152S, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
5. Eugster S, Schawalder P, Gaschen F, Boerlin P: A prospective study of postoperative surgical site infections in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 33:542, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
6. Gaynes RP: Surveillance of nosocomial infections. In Bennett JV, Brachman PS, editors: Hospital infections, ed 4, Philadelphia, PA, 1998, Lippincott-Raven, p 65.
7. German RR, Lee LM, Horan JM, et al: Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep 50:1, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
8. Haley RW, Quade D, Freeman HE, Bennett JV: The SENIC project: study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (SENIC project). Summary of study design. Am J Epidemiol 111:472, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
9. Hardy K, Price C, Szczepura A, et al: Reduction in the rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in surgical wards by rapid screening for colonization: a prospective, cross-over study. Clin Microbiol Infect 16:333, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
10. Heller J, Armstrong SK, Girvan EK, et al: Prevalence and distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus within the environment and staff of a university veterinary clinic. J Small Anim Pract 50:168, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
11. Holtz TH, Wenzel RP: Postdischarge surveillance for nosocomial wound infection: a brief review and commentary. Am J Infect Control 20:206, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
12. Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA: CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 36:309, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
13. Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Martone WJ, et al: CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992: a modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections. Am J Infect Control 20:271, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
14. Jarvis WR, Edwards JR, Culver DH, et al: Nosocomial infection rates in adult and pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Am J Med 91:185S, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
15. Khoury J, Jones M, Grim A, et al: Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit by active surveillance and aggressive infection control measures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:616, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
16. Kim L, Morley P, Traub-Dargatz J, et al: Factors associated with Salmonella shedding among equine colic patients at a veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:740, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
17. Lee TB, Montgomery OG, Marx J, et al: Recommended practices for surveillance. Am J Infect Control 35:427, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
18. Mascini E, Bonten M: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: consequences for therapy and infection control. Clin Microbiol Infect 11(suppl 4):43, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
19. Morley PS: Surveillance for nosocomial infections in veterinary hospitals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 20:561, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
20. Sankar B, Hopgood P, Bell K: The role of MRSA screening in joint-replacement surgery. Int Orthopaed 29:160, 2005.PUBMED Abstract
21. Sehulster L, Chinn RY, CDC HICPAC: Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Recomm Rep 52:1, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
22. Tillotson K, Savage CJ, Salman MD, et al: Outbreak of Salmonella infantis infection in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1554, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
23. Weese J, DaCosta T, Button L, et al: Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the environment in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Vet Intern Med 18:468, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
24. Weese J, Rousseau J, Willey B, et al: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital: frequency, characterization, and association with clinical disease. J Vet Intern Med 20:182, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
25. Weese JS, Staempfli HR, Prescott JF: Isolation of environmental Clostridium difficile from a veterinary teaching hospital. J Vet Diagn Invest 12:449, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
26. West T, Guerry C, Hiott M, et al: Effect of targeted surveillance for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a community hospital system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 27:233, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 16: Surgical Modalities: Laser, Radiofrequency, Ultrasonic, and Electrosurgery
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Chapter 17: Suture Material, Tissue Staplers, Ligation Devices, and Closure Methods
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21. Bromberg NM: Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for treatment of refractory corneal ulceration. Vet Ophthalmol 5:55, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
22. Chen QZ, Blaker JJ, Boccaccini AR: Bioactive and mechanically strong Bioglass-poly(D,L-lactic acid) composite coatings on surgical sutures. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 76:354, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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26. Chu CC: A comparison of the effect of pH on the biodegradation of two synthetic absorbable sutures. Ann Surg 195:55, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
27. Chu CC: Mechanical properties of suture materials: an important characterization. Ann Surg 193:365, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
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29. Clark GN, Pavletic MM: Partial gastrectomy with an automatic stapling instrument for treatment of gastric necrosis secondary to gastric dilatation-volvulus. Vet Surg 20:61, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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31. Cohen EL, Kirschenbaum A, Glenn JF: Preclinical evaluation of PDS (polydioxanone) synthetic absorbable suture vs chromic surgical gut in urologic surgery. Urology 30:369, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
32. Coolman BR, Ehrhart N, Pijanowski G, et al: Comparison of skin staples with sutures for anastomosis of the small intestine in dogs. Vet Surg 29:293, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
33. Coolman BR, Manfra Marretta S, Pijanowski GJ, et al: Evaluation of a skin stapler for belt-loop gastropexy in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:440, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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37. Dewey CW, Marino DJ, Bailey KS, et al: Foramen magnum decompression with cranioplasty for treatment of caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs. Vet Surg 36:406, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
38. Dines JS, Weber L, Razzano P, et al: The effect of growth differentiation factor-5-coated sutures on tendon repair in a rat model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 16:S215, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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49. Ford HR, Jones P, Gaines B, et al: Intraoperative handling and wound healing: controlled clinical trial comparing coated VICRYL plus antibacterial suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan) with coated VICRYL suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture). Surg Infect (Larchmt) 6:313, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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52. Fucci V, Newton JC, Hedlund CS, et al: Rectal surgery in the cat: comparison of suture versus staple technique through a dorsal approach. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:519, 1992.
53. Gall TT, Santoni BG, Egger EL, et al: In vitro biomechanical comparison of polypropylene mesh, modified three-loop pulley suture pattern, and a combination for repair of distal canine Achilles’ tendon injuries. Vet Surg 38:845, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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57. Greenberg CB, Davidson EB, Bellmer DD, et al: Evaluation of the tensile strengths of four monofilament absorbable suture materials after immersion in canine urine with or without bacteria. Am J Vet Res 65:847, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
58. Greenwald D, Shumway S, Albear P, et al: Mechanical comparison of 10 suture materials before and after in vivo incubation. J Surg Res 56:372, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
59. Gumbs AA, Duffy AJ, Chandwani R, et al: Jejunojejunal anastomotic obstruction following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to non-absorbable suture: a report of seven cases. Obes Surg 16:12, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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61. Hampel NL, Pijanowski GJ, Johnson RG: Effects of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate on bone healing. Am J Vet Res 47:1605, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
62. Hardie RJ, Flanders JA, Schmidt P, et al: Biomechanical and histological evaluation of a laparoscopic stapled gastropexy technique in dogs. Vet Surg 25:127, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
63. Hayes MJ, Lauren MD: Chemical stress relaxation of polyglycolic acid suture. J Appl Biomater 5:215, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
64. Heath RJ, Rubin JR, Holland DR, et al: Mechanism of triclosan inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis. J Biol Chem 274:11110, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
65. Hess JL, DeYoung DW, Riley MGI, et al: Comparison of stainless steel staple and synthetic suture material on skin wound healing. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 14:501, 1979.
66. Hightower D, March J, Ausband S, et al: Comparison of staples vs suturing for securing central venous catheters. Acad Emerg Med 3:1103, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
67. Hodde JP, Record RD, Liang HA, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor in porcine-derived extracellular matrix. Endothelium 8:11, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
68. Houlton JEF, Dyce J: The use of polypropylene mesh for revision of failed repair of superficial digital flexor tendon luxation in three dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 6:129, 1993.
69. Howes EL: Factors determining the loss of strength of catgut when embedded in tissue. JAMA 90:530, 1928.
70. Hsu TC: Comparison of holding power of metal and absorbable hemostatic clips. Am J Surg 191:68, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
71. Hunt GB, Hughes J: Outcomes after extrahepatic portosystemic shunt ligation in 49 dogs. Aust Vet J 77:303, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
72. Justinger C, Moussavian MR, Schlueter C, et al: Antibiotic coating of abdominal closure sutures and wound infection. Surgery 145:330, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
73. Kanegaye JT, McCaslin RI: Pediatric scalp laceration repair complicated by skin staple migration. Am J Emerg Med 17:157, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
74. Kanegaye JT, Vance CW, Chan L, et al: Comparison of skin stapling devices and standard sutures for pediatric scalp lacerations: a randomized study of cost and time benefits. J Pediatr 130:808, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
75. Kersey TL, Patel S, Thaller VT: Old habits tie hard: an in vitro comparison of first-throw tension holding in Polyglycolic acid (Dexon S) and Polyglactin 910 (Coated Vicryl). Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 34:152, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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77. Kim JC, Lee YK, Lim BS, et al: Comparison of tensile and knot security properties of surgical sutures. J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:2363, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
78. Klein A, Scotti S, Hidalgo A, et al: Rectovaginal fistula following colectomy with an end-to-end anastomosis stapler for a colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Small Anim Pract 47:751, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
79. Kudisch M, Pavletic MM: Subtotal colectomy with surgical stapling instruments via a trans-cecal approach for treatment of acquired megacolon in cats. Vet Surg 22:457, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
80. Kummeling A, Sluijs FJ: Closure of the rectus sheath with a continuous looped suture and the skin with staples in dogs: speed, safety, and costs compared to closure of the rectus sheath with interrupted sutures and the skin with a continuous subdermal suture. Vet Q 20:126, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
81. Lai SY, Becker DG, Edlich RF: Sutures and needles. In Sclafani AP, editor: emedicine from WebMD. Vol 2009.
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83. Lansdowne JL, Monnet E, Twedt DC, et al: Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs. Vet Surg 34:530, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
84. Lee KH, Chu CC: The role of superoxide ions in the degradation of synthetic absorbable sutures. J Biomed Mater Res 49:25, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
85. Leftwich MW, Carey DP: Cyanoacrylate adhesive for aural hematoma. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 76:1155, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
86. Levionnois OL, Bergadano A, Schatzmann U: Accidental entrapment of an endo-bronchial blocker tip by a surgical stapler during selective ventilation for lung lobectomy in a dog. Vet Surg 35:82, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
87. Li X, King M, MacDonald P: Comparative study of knot performance and ease of manipulation of monofilament and braided sutures for arthroscopic applications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 12:448, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
88. Lidbetter DA, Williams FA, Jr, Krahwinkel DJ, et al: Radical lateral body-wall resection for fibrosarcoma with reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap: a prospective clinical study of the technique and results in 6 cats. Vet Surg 31:57, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
89. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Rizzo SA, et al: Reconstruction of chest wall defects after rib tumor resection: a comparison of autogenous, prosthetic, and composite techniques in 44 dogs. Vet Surg 37:479, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
90. Livesey C, Wylde V, Descamps S, et al: Skin closure after total hip replacement: a randomised controlled trial of skin adhesive versus surgical staples. J Bone Joint Surg Br 91:725, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
91. Lo IK, Burkhart SS, Athanasiou K: Abrasion resistance of two types of nonabsorbable braided suture. Arthroscopy 20:407, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
92. Lo IK, Burkhart SS, Chan KC, et al: Arthroscopic knots: determining the optimal balance of loop security and knot security. Arthroscopy 20:489, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
93. Marco F, Vallez R, Gonzalez P, et al: Study of the efficacy of coated Vicryl plus antibacterial suture in an animal model of orthopedic surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 8:359, 2000.
94. Martinez SA, Hauptman J, Walshaw R: Comparing two techniques for onychectomy in cats and two adhesives for wound closure. Vet Med 88:516, 1993.
95. Mathews KG, Wallace LJ, Redig PT, et al: Avian fracture healing following stabilization with intramedullary polyglycolic acid rods and cyanoacrylate adhesive vs. polypropylene rods and polymethylmethacrylate. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 7:158, 1994.
96. Mattick A: Use of tissue adhesives in the management of paediatric lacerations. Emerg Med J 19:382, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
97. Mayrose J, Jehle DV, Moscati R, et al: Comparison of staples versus sutures in the repair of penetrating cardiac wounds. J Trauma 46:441, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
98. McEntee MC, Steffey M, Dykes NL: Use of surgical hemoclips in radiation treatment planning. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:395, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
99. Miller ND, Williams DF: The in vivo and in vitro degradation of poly(glycolic acid) suture material as a function of applied strain. Biomaterials 5:365, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
100. Mills IW, McDermott IM, Ratliff DA: Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare skin staples and polypropylene for securing the mesh in inguinal hernia repair. Br J Surg 85:790, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
101. Ming X, Nichols M, Rothenburger S: In vivo antibacterial efficacy of MONOCRYL plus antibacterial suture (Poliglecaprone 25 with triclosan). Surg Infect (Larchmt) 8:209, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
102. Ming X, Rothenburger S, Nichols MM: In vivo and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of PDS plus (polydioxanone with triclosan) suture. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 9:451, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
103. Morrison S, Prostredny J, Roa D: Retrospective study of 28 cases of cholecystoduodenostomy performed using endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis stapling equipment. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:10, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
104. Murtha AP, Kaplan AL, Paglia MJ, et al: Evaluation of a novel technique for wound closure using a barbed suture. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:1769, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
105. Nash JM, Bellenger CR: Enteroplication in cats, using suture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive. Res Vet Sci 65:253, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
106. Nichols S, Anderson DE: Breaking strength and elasticity of synthetic absorbable suture materials incubated in phosphate-buffered saline solution, milk, and milk contaminated with Streptococcus agalactiae. Am J Vet Res 68:441, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
107. Obermair A, Crandon A, Perrin L, et al: Randomized trial of skin closure after laparotomy for gynaecological surgery. ANZ J Surg 77:460, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
108. Orlinsky M, Goldberg RM, Chan L, et al: Cost analysis of stapling versus suturing for skin closure. Am J Emerg Med 13:77, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
109. Osmond MH, Klassen TP, Quinn JV: Economic comparison of a tissue adhesive and suturing in the repair of pediatric facial lacerations. J Pediatr 126:892, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
110. Ozawa S, Morikawa Y, Oguma J, et al: Development of a new flat needle and a reduced surface coating thread for endoscopic suturing. J Surg Res 145:266, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
111. Pasternak B, Missios A, Askendal A, et al: Doxycycline-coated sutures improve the suture-holding capacity of the rat Achilles tendon. Acta Orthop 78:680, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
112. Pasternak B, Rehn M, Andersen L, et al: Doxycycline-coated sutures improve mechanical strength of intestinal anastomoses. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:271, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
113. Pavletic MM, Schartz A: Stapling instrumentation. In Pavletic M, editor: The veterinary clinics of North America, Philadelphia, 1994, WB Saunders, p 247.PUBMED Abstract
114. Pelsue DH, Monnet E, Gaynor JS, et al: Closure of median sternotomy in dogs: suture versus wire. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:569, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
115. Pineros-Fernandez A, Drake DB, Rodeheaver PA, et al: CAPROSYN*, another major advance in synthetic monofilament absorbable suture. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 14:359, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
116. Quinn J, Maw J, Ramotar K, et al: Octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive versus suture wound repair in a contaminated wound model. Surgery 122:69, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
117. Quinn JV, Osmond MH, Yurack JA, et al: N-2-butylcyanoacrylate: risk of bacterial contamination with an appraisal of its antimicrobial effects. J Emerg Med 13:581, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
118. Ridgway DM, Mahmood F, Moore L, et al: A blinded, randomised, controlled trial of stapled versus tissue glue closure of neck surgery incisions. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 89:242, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
119. Robello GT, Aron DN, Foutz TL, et al: Replacement of the medial collateral ligament with polypropylene mesh or a polyester suture in dogs. Vet Surg 21:467, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
120. Rodeheaver GT, Beltran KA, Green CW, et al: Biomechanical and clinical performance of a new synthetic monofilament absorbable suture. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 6:181, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
121. Rodeheaver GT, Nesbit WS, Edlich RF: Novafil: a dynamic suture for wound closure. Ann Surg 204:193, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
122. Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, Edlich RF: Mechanical performance of polyglycolic acid and polyglactin 910 synthetic absorbable sutures. Surg Gynecol Obstet 153:835, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
123. Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, Owen J, et al: Knotting and handling characteristics of coated synthetic absorbable sutures. J Surg Res 35:525, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
124. Rousseau JA, Girard K, Turcot-Lemay L, et al: A randomized study comparing skin closure in cesarean sections: staples vs subcuticular sutures. Am J Obstet Gynecol 200:265e1, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
125. Salci H, Bayram AS, Ozyigit O, et al: Comparison of different bronchial closure techniques following pneumonectomy in dogs. J Vet Sci 8:393, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
126. Salthouse TN, Williams JA, Willigan DA: Relationship of cellular enzyme activity to catgut and collagen suture absorption. Surg Gynecol Obstet 129:691, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
127. Sanni A, Dunning J: Staples or sutures for chest and leg wounds following cardiovascular surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 6:243, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
128. Saunders RA, Helveston EM: Coated Vicryl (polyglactin 910) suture in extraocular muscle surgery. Ophthalmic Surg 10:13, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
129. Sebeseri O, Keller U, Spreng P, et al: The physical properties of polyglycolic acid sutures (Dexon) in sterile and infected urine. Invest Urol 12:490, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
130. Sereda CW, Adin CA: Methods of gradual vascular occlusion and their applications in treatment of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: a review. Vet Surg 34:83, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
131. Sicard GK, Hayashi K, Manley PA: Evaluation of 5 types of fishing material, 2 sterilization methods, and a crimp-clamp system for extra-articular stabilization of the canine stifle joint. Vet Surg 31:78, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
132. Sicard GK, Meinen J, Phillips T, et al: Comparison of fishing line for repair of the cruciate deficient stifle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 12:138, 1999.
133. Silvestri A, Brandi C, Grimaldi L, et al: Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive for skin closure and prevention of infection in plastic surgery. Aesthet Plast Surg 30:695, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
134. Simões EA, Jatene FB, Stopiglia AJ, et al: Comparative study between mechanical and manual sutures in the bronchus after left pneumonectomy in the dogs (Canis familiaris): a pathological-anatomic evaluation. Uma Avaliação Anatomopatológica 42:357, 2005.
135. Singer AJ, Quinn JV, Hollander JE: The cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. Am J Emerg Med 26:490, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
136. Stamboulis A, Hench LL, Boccaccini AR: Mechanical properties of biodegradable polymer sutures coated with bioactive glass. J Mater Sci Mater Med 13:843, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
137. Stillman RM, Marino CA, Seligman SJ: Skin staples in potentially contaminated wounds. Arch Surg 119:821, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
138. Storch ML, Rothenburger SJ, Jacinto G: Experimental efficacy study of coated VICRYL plus antibacterial suture in guinea pigs challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 5:281, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
139. Swiderski J, Fitch RB, Staatz A, et al: Sonographic assisted diagnosis and treatment of bilateral gastrocnemius tendon rupture in a Labrador retriever repaired with fascia lata and polypropylene mesh. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:258, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
140. Szabo S, Wilkens B, Radasch RM: Use of polypropylene mesh in addition to internal obturator transposition: a review of 59 cases (2000–2004). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:136, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
141. Than KD, Baird CJ, Olivi A: Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery. Neurosurgery 63:ONS182, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
142. Tobias KM: Surgical stapling devices in veterinary medicine: a review. Vet Surg 36:341, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
143. Tobias KM, Cambridge A, Gavin P: Cyanoacrylate occlusion and resection of an arteriovenous fistula in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:785, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
144. Tomihata K, Suzuki M, Ikada Y: The pH dependence of monofilament sutures on hydrolytic degradation. J Biomed Mater Res 58:511, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
145. Toombs JP, Clark KM: Basic operative techniques. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 199.
146. Trimbos JB, Booster M, Peters AA: Mechanical knot performance of a new generation polydioxanone suture (PDS-2). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 70:157, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
147. Trimbos JB, Klopper PJ: Knot security of synthetic absorbable suture material; a comparison of polyglycolic acid and polyglactin-910. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 19:183, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
148. Trimbos JB, Niggebrugge A, Trimbos R, et al: Knotting abilities of a new absorbable monofilament suture: poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl). Eur J Surg 161:319, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
149. Trostle SS, Rosin E: Selection of prosthetic mesh implants. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 16:1147, 1994.
150. Ullman SL, Pavletic MM, Clark GN: Open intestinal anastomosis with surgical stapling equipment in 24 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 20:385, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
151. Van Vechten BJ, Komtebedde J, Koblik PD: Use of transcolonic portal scintigraphy to monitor blood flow and progressive postoperative attenuation of partially ligated single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1770, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
152. Vasconcellos CHDC, Matera JM, Dagli MLZ: Clinical evaluation of random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus secured with sutures or sutures and cyanoacrylate adhesive for reconstructive surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 34:59, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
153. Voytik-Harbin SL, Brightman AO, Kraine MR, et al: Identification of extractable growth factors from small intestinal submucosa. J Cell Biochem 67:478, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
154. Watté CM, Elks R, Moore DL, et al: Clinical experience with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in the management of canine and feline corneal disease. Vet Ophthalmol 7:319, 2004.PUBMED Abstract
155. Whitson BA, Cheng BC, Kokini K, et al: Multilaminate resorbable biomedical device under biaxial loading. J Biomed Mater Res 43:277, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
156. Wilson LK, Sullivan S, Goodnight W, et al: The use of blunt needles does not reduce glove perforations during obstetrical laceration repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199:641e1, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
157. Wright PB, Budoff JE, Yeh ML, et al: Strength of damaged suture: an in vitro study. Arthroscopy 22:1270, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
158. Wright PB, Kosmopoulos V, Cote RE, et al: FiberWire is superior in strength to stainless steel wire for tension band fixation of transverse patellar fractures. Injury 40:1200, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
159. Wust DM, Meyer DC, Favre P, et al: Mechanical and handling properties of braided polyblend polyethylene sutures in comparison to braided polyester and monofilament polydioxanone sutures. Arthroscopy 22:1146, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
160. Yao J, Korotkova T, Riboh J, et al: Bioactive sutures for tendon repair: assessment of a method of delivering pluripotential embryonic cells. J Hand Surg (Am) 33:1558, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
161. Yin-Chao T, Yasuhiko T, Suong-Hyu H, et al: In vitro toxicity test of 2-cyanoacrylate polymers by cell culture method. J Biomed Mater Res 24:1355, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
162. Yoo J, Chandarana S, Cosby R: Clinical application of tissue adhesives in soft-tissue surgery of the head and neck. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 16:312, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
163. Youmans KR, Hunt GB: Experimental evaluation of four methods of progressive venous attenuation in dogs. Vet Surg 28:38, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
164. Zurita R, Puiggali J, Rodriguez-Galan A: Loading and release of ibuprofen in multi- and monofilament surgical sutures. Macromol Biosci 6:767, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter18: Instrument and Tissue Handling Techniques
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25. Saile K, Boothe HW, Boothe DM: Saline volume necessary to achieve predetermined intraluminal pressures during leak testing of small intestinal biopsy sites in the dog. Vet Surg 39:900, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
26. Singh S, Maxwell D: Tools of the trade. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 20:41, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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29. Toombs JP, Clarke KM: Basic operative techniques. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 199.
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Chapter 19: Surgical Hemostasis
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21. Dounis ETS, Kalivas L, Giamacellou H: Effect of time interval on tissue concentrations of cephalosporins after tourniquet inflation: highest levels achieved by administration 20 minutes before inflation. Acta Orthop Scand 66:158, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
22. Ellis H: Esmarch’s bandage. J Perioper Pract 16:154, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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25. Garay RP, Chiavaroli C, Hannaert P: Therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of ethamsylate, a long-standing hemostatic agent. Am J Ther 13:236, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
26. Gibbs L, Kakis A, Wienstein P, et al: Bone wax as a risk factor for surgical-site infection following neurospinal surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25:346, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
27. Greenberg MJ, Weisse CW: Spontaneous resolution of iatrogenic chylothorax in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1667, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
28. Henderson NJ, Crawford PJ, Reeves BC: A randomised trial of calcium alginate swabs to control blood loss in 3–5 year old children. Br Dent J 184:187, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
29. Herold LV, Devery JJ, Kirby R, et al: Clinical evaluation and management of hemoperitoneum in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 18:40, 2008.
30. Hill A, Estridge TD, Maroney M, et al: Treatment of suture line bleeding with a novel synthetic surgical sealant in a canine iliac PTFE graft model. J Biomed Mater Res 58:308, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
31. Hoeffner EG, Crowley MG, Soulen RL: MR imaging appearance of intraperitoneal gelatin sponge in mice. J Magn Reson Imaging 2:63, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
32. Holmberg DL, Pettifer GR: The effect of carotid artery occlusion on lingual arterial blood pressure in dogs. Can Vet J 38:629, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
33. Hopper K: Hemostatic agents. In International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium; September 17–21, 2006; San Antonio, TX.
34. Horlocker TT, Hebl JR, Gali B, et al: Anesthetic, patient and surgical risk factors for neurologic complications after prolonged total tourniquet time during total knee arthroplasty. Anaesth Analg 102:950, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
35. Howard PE, Wilson JW, Ribble GA: Effects of gelatin sponge implantation in cancellous bone defects in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:633, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
36. Ibarrola JL, Bjorenson JE, Austin BP: Osseous reactions to three hemostatic agents. J Endod 11:75, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
37. Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Takeda M, et al: A new tourniquet system that determines pressures in synchrony with systolic blood pressure in knee surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17:48, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
38. Jakobs R, Zoepf T, Schilling D, et al: Endoscopic Doppler ultrasound after injection therapy for peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Hepatogastroenterology 51:1206, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
39. Jenkins HP, Senz EH, Owen HW, et al: Present status of gelatin sponge for the control of hemorrhage. JAMA 132:614, 1946.PUBMED Abstract
40. Jepson PN: Ischaemic contracture: experimental study. Ann Surg 84:785, 1926. PUBMED Abstract
41. Johnson & Johnson Surgicel Original, Surgicel Nu-Knit and Surgicel Fibrillar Absorbable Hemostats (oxidized regenerated cellulose). In Data sheet insert for product, 2007.
42. Kaufmann JE, Vischer UM: Cellular mechanisms of the hemostatic effects of desmopressin (DDAVP). J Thromb Haematol 1:682, 2003.PUBMED Abstract
43. Kotani J, Nitta K, Sakuma Y, et al: Effects of bilateral jugular vein ligation on intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance in cats. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:171, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
44. Kozen BG, Kircher SJ, Henao J, et al: An alternative hemostatic dressing: comparison of CELOX, HemCon and QuikClot. Acad Emerg Med 15:74, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
45. Kragh JF, Jr, Walters TJ, Baer DG, et al: Survival with emergency tourniquet use to stop bleeding in major limb trauma. Ann Surg 249:8, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
46. Lee TC, Chang NK, Su FW, et al: Systemic and local reactions of a water-soluble copolymer bone on a bony defect of rabbit model. Surg Neurol 72(suppl 2):575, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
47. Lennox AM: The use of Cut-Trol for hemostasis in exotic pets. Exotic DVM 5:5, 2003.
48. Levy JH: Hemostatic agents. Transfusion 44:58S, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
49. Liou TC, Lin SC, Wang HY: Optimal injection volume of epinephrine for endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 12:3108, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
50. Magyar CE, Aghaloo TL, Atti E: Ostene, a new alkylene oxide copolymer bone hemostatic material, does not inhibit bone healing. Neurosurgery 63(4 suppl 2):373, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
51. Majno G: The healing hand: man and wound in the ancient world, Cambridge, MA, 1975, Harvard University Press.
52. Marsh JJ, Konopka RG, Lang IM: Suppression of thrombolysis in a canine model of pulmonary embolism. Circulation 90:3091, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
53. McAnulty JF, Smith GK: Circumferential external counterpressure by abdominal wrapping and its effect on simulated intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Vet Surg 15:270, 1980.
54. McGrath J, Schofield O: Treatment of excessive granulation tissue with EMLA cream and 95% silver-nitrate pencils. Clin Exp Dermatol 15:468, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
55. Millner RW, Lockhart AS, Bird H: A new hemostatic agent: initial life saving experience with Celox (chitosan) in cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 87:e13, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
56. Mittal P, Shenoy S, Sandhu JS: Effect of different cuff widths on the motor nerve conduction of the median nerve: an experimental study. J Orthop Surg 9:1, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
57. Modig J, Kolstad K, Wigrew A: Systemic reactions to tourniquet ischemia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 22:609, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
58. Mullick S: The tourniquet in operations upon the extremities. Surg Gynecol Obstet 146:821, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
59. Murphy GJ, Reeves BC, Rogers CA, et al: Increased mortality, post operative morbidity, and cost after red blood cell transfusion in patients having cardiac surgery. Circulation 27:2523, 2007.
60. Neilipovitz DT: Tranexamic acid for major spinal surgery. Eur Spine J 13(suppl 1):S62, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
61. Nelson DR, Buxton TB, Luu QN, et al: The promotional effect of bone wax on experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 99:977, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
62. Odinsson A, Finsen V: Tourniquet use and its complications in Norway. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:1090, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
63. Papaioannou N, Kalivas L, Kalavritinos J, et al: Tissue concentrations of third-generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and ceftriaxone) in lower extremity tissues using a tourniquet. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 113:167, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
64. Patterson S, Klenerman L: The effect of pneumatic tourniquets on the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle. J Bone Joint Surg Am 61:178, 1979.PUBMED Abstract
65. Patterson S, Klenerman L, Biswas M: The effects of pneumatic tourniquets on skeletal muscle physiology. Acta Orthop Scand 52:171, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
66. Pusateri AE, McCarthy SJ, Gregory KW: Effect of a Chitosan-based hemostatic dressing on blood loss and survival in a model of severe venous hemorrhage and hepatic injury in swine. J Trauma 54:177, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
67. Pharmacia & Upjohn data sheet for Cyklokapron, 2008.
68. Rama KR, Apsingi S, Poovali S, et al: Timing of tourniquet release in knee arthroplasty: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:699, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
69. Rana R, Afessa B, Keegan MT, et al: Transfusion in the ICU Interest Group: evidence based red cell transfusion in the critically ill: quality improvement using computerised physician order entry. Crit Care Med 34:1892, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
70. Rhee P, Brown C, Martin M, et al: QuikClot use in trauma for hemorrhage control: case series of 103 documented uses. J Trauma 64:1093, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
71. Robicsek F, Masters TN, Littman L, et al: The embolization of bone wax from sternotomy incisions. Ann Thorac Surg 31:357, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
72. Rorabeck CH: Tourniquet-induced nerve ischemia: an experimental investigation. J Trauma 20:280, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
73. Sabel M, Stummer W: The use of local agents: Surgicel and Surgifoam. Eur Spine J 13(suppl 1):S97, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
74. Samudrala S: Topical hemostatic agents in surgery: a surgeon’s perspective. AORN J 88:S2, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
75. Sanfilippo JS, Barrows GH, Yussman MA: Comparison of avitene, topical thrombin, and gelfoam as sole hemostatic agent in tuboplasties. Fertil Steril 33:311, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
76. Sarmento KM, Tomita S, Kos AO: Topical use of adrenaline in different concentrations for endoscopic sinus surgery. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 75:280, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
77. Scully RE, Shannon JM, Dickersen GR: Factors involved in recovery from experimental skeletal muscle ischaemia produced in dogs: histologic and histochemical patterns of ischaemic muscle. Am J Pathol 39:721, 1961. PUBMED Abstract
78. Segal HC, Hunt BJ, Gilding K: The effects of alginate and non-alginate wound dressings on blood coagulation and platelet activation. J Biomater Appl 12:249, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
79. Skjeldal S, Torvik A, Nordsletten L, et al: Local hypothermia during ischemia or reperfusion in skeletal muscles. Res Exp Med (Berl) 193:73, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
80. Solheim E, Anfinsen OG, Holmsen H, et al: Effect of local hemostatics on platelet aggregation. Eur Surg Res 23:45, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
81. Soriano A, Bori G, García-Ramiro S, et al: Timing of prophylaxis for primary total knee arthroplasty performed during ischemia. Clin Infect Dis 46:1009, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
82. Spotnitz WD, Burks S: Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives surgical toolbox. Transfusion 48(July):1506, 2008.
83. Suber T: Desmopressin acetate. Comp Cont Ed 24:962, 2002.
84. Swanson AB, Livengood LC, Sattel AB: Local hypothermia to prolong safe tourniquet time. Clin Orthop Relat Res 264:200, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
85. Thomas S: Bandages and bandaging. In Wound management and dressings, London, 1990, The Pharmaceutical Press, p 88.
86. Tomizawa Y: Clinical benefits and risk analysis of topical hemostats: a review. J Artif Organs 8:137, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
87. Tublin ME, Alexander JM, Ogilvie JB: Appearance of absorbable gelatin compressed sponge on early post-thyroidectomy neck sonography: a mimic of locally recurrent or residual thyroid carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med 29:117, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
88. Veres G, Radovits T, Schultz H, et al: Effect of recombinant aprotinin on postoperative blood loss and coronary vascular function in a canine model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 32:340, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
89. Wagner WR, Pachence JM, Ristich J: Comparative in vitro analysis of topical hemostatic agents. J Surg Res 66:100, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
90. Wang MY, Armstrong JK, Fisher TC: A new pluronic based, bone hemostatic agent that does not impair osteogenesis. Neurosurgery 49:962, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
91. Welling DR, Rich NM, Burris DG: Who was William Ray Rumel? World J Surg 32:2122, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
92. Wellisz T, An YH, Wen X, et al: Infection rates and healing using bone wax and a soluble polymer material. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466:481, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
93. Wellisz T, Armstrong JK, Cambridge J, et al: The effects of a soluble polymer and bone wax on sternal healing in an animal model. Ann Thorac Surg 85:1780, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
94. Wells AD, Shenk WG: Beneficial effect of ethamsylate on the relative blood flow of the pancreas in acute canine necrotizing pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 155:673, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
95. Wenk HN, Honda CN: Silver nitrate cauterisation: characterisation of a new model of corneal inflammation and hyperalgesia in the rat. Pain 105:393, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
96. Whitesides TE, Hirada H, Morimoto K: The response of skeletal muscle to temporary ischaemia: an experimental study. J Bone Int Surg 53A/5:1026, 1971.
97. Yang JJ, Zheng J, Liu HJ, et al: Epinephrine infiltration on nasal field causes significant hemodynamic changes: hypotension episode monitored by impedance-cardiography under general anaesthesia. J Pharm Pharm Sci 9:190, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
98. Yazar S, Basaran E: Efficacy of silver nitrate pencils in the treatment of common warts. J Dermatol 21:329, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 20: Bandages and Drains
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2. Baxter H, Ballard K: Bandaging: a vital skill. Nurs Times 97:56, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
3. Bolton LL, Monte K, Pirone LA: Moisture and healing: beyond the jargon. Ostomy Wound Manage 46:51S, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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11. Casey G: Modern wound dressings. Nurs Stand 15:47, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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17. Eagle M: Compression bandaging. Nurs Stand 15:47, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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22. Fletcher J: Understanding wound dressings: alginates. Nurs Times 101:53, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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25. Girvent R, Martie D, Munoz JM: The clinical significance of suction drainage culture. Acta Orthop Belg 60:290, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
26. Grobmyer SR, Graham D, Brennan MF, et al: High-pressure gradients generated by closed-suction surgical drainage systems. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 3:245, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
27. Halfacree ZJ, Wilson AM, Baines SJ: Evaluation of in vitro performance of suction drains. Am J Vet Res 70:283, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
28. Hedlund CS: Surgery of the integumentary system. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby Elsevier, p 159.
29. Hollinworth H, Collier M: Nurses’ views about pain and trauma at dressing changes: results of a national survey. J Wound Care 9:369, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
30. Iavazzo C, Vorgias G, Katsoulis M: Drain-site metastasis after radical hysterectomy for squamous cervical cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 101:199, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
31. Johnson AL: Fundamentals of orthopedic surgery and fracture management. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby Elsevier, p 930.
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33. Kerstein MD: Moist wound healing: the clinical perspective. Ostomy Wound Manage 41:37S, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
34. Lascelles BDX: Strategic planning in oncological surgery. In Proceedings of the British Small Animal Veterinary Congress, 2007, Belfast, Ireland.
35. Lawrence JC, Lilly HA, Kidson A: Wound dressings and airborne dispersal of bacteria. Lancet 339:807, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
36. Lee AH, Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Surgical drainage. Comp Cont Educ 8:94, 1986.
37. Lee C, Bayman N, Swindell R, et al: Prophylactic radiotherapy to intervention sites in mesothelioma: a systematic review and survey of UK practice. Lung Cancer 66:150, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
38. Magee C, Rodeheaver GT, Golden GT, et al: Potentiation of wound infection by surgical drains. Am J Surg 131:547, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
39. Makama JG, Ameh EA: Surgical drains: what the resident needs to know. Niger J Med 17:244, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
40. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al: Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20:250, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
41. Miller CW: Bandages and drains. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 244.
42. Morgan PW, Binnington AG, Miller CW, et al: The effect of occlusive and semi-occlusive dressings on the healing of acute full-thickness skin wounds on the forelimbs of dogs. Vet Surg 23:494, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
43. Ogata K, Whiteside LA: Effects of external compression on blood flow to muscle and skin. Clin Orthop Relat Res (168):105, 1982.PUBMED Abstract
44. Pavletic MM: Drains, dressings, and bandages. In Proceedings of the 89th Annual Conference for Veterinarians, 1997, Ithaca, NY.
45. Plattner O, Akca O, Herbst F, et al: The influence of 2 surgical bandage systems on wound tissue oxygen tension. Arch Surg 135:818, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
46. Pudner R: Alginate and hydrofibre dressings in wound management. J Comm Nurs (serial online), 2001. Available at: . Accessed August 4, 2009.
47. Pudner R: Low/non-adherent dressings in wound management. J Comm Nurs (serial online), 2001. Available at: . Accessed August 4, 2009.
48. Pudner R: Vapour-permeable film dressings in wound management. J Comm Nurs (serial online), 2001. Available at: . Accessed August 4, 2009.
49. Rajendran S, Anand SC: Insight into the development of non-adherent, absorbent dressings. J Wound Care 11:191, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
50. Reimer SB, Schulz KS, Mason DR, et al: Effects of a whole-body spandex garment on rectal temperature and oxygen consumption in healthy dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:71, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
51. Roush JK: Biomaterials and surgical implants. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 141.
52. Roush JK: Use and misuse of drains in surgical practice. Probl Vet Med 2:482, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
53. Schein M: To drain or not to drain? The role of drainage in the contaminated and infected abdomen: an international and personal perspective. World J Surg 32:312, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
54. Seaman S: Dressing selection in chronic wound management. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92:24, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
55. Seim HB: Tie-over bandage. In Proceedings of the Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference, 2003, Atlantic City, NJ.
56. Simpson AM, Radlinsky M, Beale BS: Bandaging in dogs and cats: basic principles. Comp Cont Educ 23:12, 2001.
57. Smith SR, Connolly JC, Crane PW, et al: The effect of surgical drainage materials on colonic healing. Br J Surg 69:153, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
58. Sondak VK, Morton DL: A simple, inexpensive technique for clearing obstructed closed suction drainage catheters. Surg Gynecol Obstet 161:594, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
59. St Peter SD, Nguyen CC, Mulligan DC, et al: Subcutaneous metastasis at a surgical drain site after the resection of pancreatic cancer. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 33:111, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
60. Stashak TS, Farstvedt E, Othic A: Update on wound dressings: indications and best use. Clin Tech Equine Pract 3:148, 2004.
61. Swaim SF: Bandages and topical agents. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:47, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
62. Swaim SF: Bandaging and splinting techniques. In Bistner SI, Ford RB, Raffe MR, editors: Handbook of veterinary procedures and emergency treatment, ed 7, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, p 549.
63. Swaim SF: Personal communication, January 22, 2008.
64. Swaim SF, Hanson RR, Coates JF: Pressure wounds in animals. Comp Cont Educ 19:203, 1996.
65. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Wound dressing materials and topical medications. In Small animal wound management, Baltimore, 1997, Williams and Wilkins, p 53.
66. Swaim SF, Hinkle SH, Bradley DM: Wound contraction: basic and clinical factors. Comp Cont Educ 23:20, 2001.
67. Swaim SF, Lee AH, Henderson RA: Mobility versus immobility in the healing of open wounds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:91, 1989.
68. Swaim SF, Marghitu DB, Rumph PF, et al: Effects of bandage configuration on paw pad pressure in dogs: a preliminary study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:209, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
69. Swaim SF, Wilhalf D: The physics, physiology, and chemistry of bandaging open wounds. Comp Cont Educ 7:146, 1985.
70. Swaim SF: The effects of dressings and bandages on wound healing. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 4:274, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
71. Thomas S: Measuring sub-bandage pressure. J Wound Care 9:491, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
72. Thomas S: Wound management and dressings, London, 1990, The Pharmaceutical Press.
73. Tickner JA, Schettler T, Guidotti T, et al: Health risks posed by use of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC medical devices: a critical review. Am J Ind Med 39:100, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
74. Torreggiani WC, Lyburn I, Harris AA, et al: Seeding of pancreatic cancer along the path of a surgical drain: case report and literature review. Can Assoc Radiol J 51:241, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
75. Varley GW, Milner S, Turner GM, et al: Ultrasound assessment of the efficacy of wound drains. J R Coll Surg Edinb 39:97, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
76. Walker D: Back to basics: choosing the correct wound dressing. Am J Nurs 96:35, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
77. Walker J: Patient preparation for safe removal of surgical drains. Nurs Stand 21:39, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
78. Watret L, White R: Surgical wound management: the role of dressings. Nurs Stand 15:59, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
79. Williams J, Toews D, Prince M: Survey of the use of suction drains in head and neck surgery and analysis of their biomechanical properties. J Otolaryngol 32:16, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
80. Wilson DA: Principles of early wound management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 21:45, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
81. Xavier G: Asepsis. Nurs Stand 13:49, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
82. Yiannakopoulos CK, Kanellopoulos AD: Innoxious removal of suction drains. Orthopedics 27:412, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 21: Biopsy General Principles
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2. Barnes RF, Greenfield CL, Schaeffer DJ, et al: Comparison of biopsy samples obtained using standard endoscopic instruments and the harmonic scalpel during laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted surgery in normal dogs. Vet Surg 35:243, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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14. Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM: Gastric histopathologic abnormalities in dogs: 67 cases (2002–2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1147, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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16. Rawlings CA, Diamond H, Howerth EW, et al: Diagnostic quality of percutaneous kidney biopsy specimens obtained with laparoscopy versus ultrasound guidance in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:317, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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20. Willard MD, Mansell J, Fosgate GT, et al: Effect of sample quality on the sensitivity of endoscopic biopsy for detecting gastric and duodenal lesions in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 22:1084, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 22: Surgical Pain: Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Treatment Strategies
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30. Fink B, Mittelstaedt A, Schulz MS, et al: Comparison of a minimally invasive posterior approach and the standard posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty: a prospective and comparative study. J Orthop Surg Res 5:46, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
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33. Han C, Rush AM, Dib-Hajj SD, et al: Sporadic onset of erythermalgia: a gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.7. Ann Neurol 59:553, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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36. Hill R: NK1 (substance P) receptor antagonists—why are they not analgesic in humans? Trends Pharmacol Sci 21:244, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
37. Holmberg DL, Brisson BA: A prospective comparison of postoperative morbidity associated with the use of scalpel blades and lasers for onychectomy in cats. Can Vet J 47:162, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Holton L, Reid J, Scott EM, et al: Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs. Vet Rec 148:525, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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42. Kristiansson M, Saraste L, Soop M, et al: Diminished interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein responses to laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43:146, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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44. Lascelles BD, Cripps P, Mirchandani S, et al: Carprofen as an analgesic for postoperative pain in cats: dose titration and assessment of efficacy in comparison to pethidine hydrochloride. J Small Anim Pract 36:535, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
45. Lascelles BD, Cripps PJ, Jones A, et al: Efficacy and kinetics of carprofen, administered preoperatively or postoperatively, for the prevention of pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet Surg 27:568, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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47. Lascelles BD, Waterman AE, Cripps PJ, et al: Central sensitization as a result of surgical pain: investigation of the pre-emptive value of pethidine for ovariohysterectomy in the rat. Pain 62:201, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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59. Muir WW, 3rd, Wiese AJ, March PA: Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Am J Vet Res 64:1155, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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63. Perl ER: Ideas about pain, a historical view. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:71, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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66. Reid J, Nolan AM, Hughes JML, et al: Development of the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and derivation of an analgesic intervention score. Animal Welfare 16:97, 2007.
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71. Slingsby LS, Waterman-Pearson AE: Analgesic effects in dogs of carprofen and pethidine together compared with the effects of either drug alone. Vet Rec 148:441, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
72. Slingsby LS, Waterman-Pearson AE: Comparison between meloxicam and carprofen for postoperative analgesia after feline ovariohysterectomy. J Small Anim Pract 43:286, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
73. Slingsby LS, Waterman-Pearson AE: Comparison of pethidine, buprenorphine and ketoprofen for postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in the cat. Vet Rec 143:185, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
74. Slingsby LS, Waterman-Pearson AE: Postoperative analgesia in the cat after ovariohysterectomy by use of carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam or tolfenamic acid. J Small Anim Pract 41:447, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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79. Wagner AE, Walton JA, Hellyer PW, et al: Use of low doses of ketamine administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:72, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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84. Welsh EM, Nolan AM, Reid J: Beneficial effects of administering carprofen before surgery in dogs. Vet Rec 141:251, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
85. Welsh EM, Nolan AM: The effect of abdominal surgery on thresholds to thermal and mechanical stimulation in sheep. Pain 60:159, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
86. Wetzel C, Hu J, Riethmacher D, et al: A stomatin-domain protein essential for touch sensation in the mouse. Nature 445:206, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
87. Williams VM, Lascelles BD, Robson MC: Current attitudes to, and use of, peri-operative analgesia in dogs and cats by veterinarians in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 53:193, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 23: Anesthesia Principles and Monitoring
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267. Posner LP, Asakawa M, Erb HN: Use of propofol for anesthesia in cats with primary hepatic lipidosis: 44 cases (1995–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1841, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
268. Posner LP, Gleed RD, Erb HN, et al: Post-anesthetic hyperthermia in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 34:40, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
269. Pottie RG, Dart CM, Perkins NR: Speed of induction of anaesthesia in dogs administered halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane or propofol in a clinical setting. Aust Vet J 86:26, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
270. Pottie RG, Dart CM, Perkins NR, et al: Effect of hypothermia on recovery from general anaesthesia in the dog. Aust Vet J 85:158, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
271. Pullen WH, Hess RS: Hypothyroid dogs treated with intravenous levothyroxine. J Vet Intern Med 20:32, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
272. Pypendop BH, Verstegen JP: Hemodynamic effects of medetomidine in the dog: a dose titration study. Vet Surg 27:612, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
273. Radlinsky MG, Mason DE, Roush JK, et al: Use of a continuous, local infusion of bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing total ear canal ablation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:414, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
274. Raffe MR, Martin FB: Effect of inspired air heat and humidification on anesthetic-induced hypothermia in dogs. Am J Vet Res 44:455, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
275. Reynolds L, Beckmann J, Kurz A: Perioperative complications of hypothermia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 22:645, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
276. Riecks TW, Birchard SJ, Stephens JA: Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1324, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
277. Ritter S, Rudiger A, Maggiorini M: Transpulmonary thermodilution-derived cardiac function index identifies cardiac dysfunction in acute heart failure and septic patients: an observational study. Crit Care 13:R133, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
278. Riviere PJ: Peripheral kappa-opioid agonists for visceral pain. Br J Pharmacol 141:1331, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
279. Robertson SA, Lascelles BD, Taylor PM, et al: PK-PD modeling of buprenorphine in cats: intravenous and oral transmucosal administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 28:453, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
280. Robinson TM, Kruse-Elliott KT, Markel MD, et al: A comparison of transdermal fentanyl versus epidural morphine for analgesia in dogs undergoing major orthopedic surgery. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:95, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
281. Rosati M, Dyson DH, Sinclair MD, et al: Response of hypotensive dogs to dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride during deep isoflurane anesthesia. Am J Vet Res 68:483, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
282. Rosenberg H, Davis M, James D, et al: Malignant hyperthermia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2:21, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
283. Rush JE, Freeman LM, Fenollosa NK, et al: Population and survival characteristics of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 260 cases (1990–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:202, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
284. Sammarco JL, Conzemius MG, Perkowski SZ, et al: Postoperative analgesia for stifle surgery: a comparison of intra-articular bupivacaine, morphine, or saline. Vet Surg 25:59, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
285. Sams L, Braun C, Allman D, et al: A comparison of the effects of propofol and etomidate on the induction of anesthesia and on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 35:488, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
286. Sano T, Nishimura R, Kanazawa H, et al: Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after single intravenous injection and constant rate infusion in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 33:266, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
287. Sano T, Nishimura R, Mochizuki M, et al: Effects of midazolam-butorphanol, acepromazine-butorphanol and medetomidine on an induction dose of propofol and their compatibility in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 65:1141, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
288. Sarton E, Teppema L, Dahan A: Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression with special emphasis on the partial agonist/antagonist buprenorphine. Adv Exp Med Biol 605:486, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
289. Sawyer DC, Rech RH, Adams T, et al: Analgesia and behavioral responses of dogs given oxymorphone-acepromazine and meperidine-acepromazine after methoxyflurane and halothane anesthesia. Am J Vet Res 53:1361, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
290. Schaer M: Fatal air embolism in an adult cat. Clin Brief 7:60, 2009.
291. Schmiedt CW, Holzman G, Schwarz T, et al: Survival, complications, and analysis of risk factors after renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 37:683, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
292. Schurig JE, Florczyk AP, Rose WC, et al: Antiemetic activity of butorphanol against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and dogs. Cancer Treat Rep 66:1831, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
293. Scroggin RD, Jr, Quandt J: The use of vasopressin for treating vasodilatory shock and cardiopulmonary arrest. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 19:145, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
294. Sederberg J, Stanley TH, Reddy P, et al: Hemodynamic effects of butorphanol-oxygen anesthesia in dogs. Anesth Analg 60:715, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
295. Shepard MK, Accola P, Lopez LA, et al: Effect of duration and type of inhalant anesthetic on tear production in dogs. Presented at the 34th American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist Conference, September 9–12, 2009, Chicago.
296. Shuran M, Nelson RA: Quantitation of energy expenditure by infrared thermography. Am J Clin Nutr 53:1361, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
297. Silverstein DC, Aldrich J, Haskins SC, et al: Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 15:185, 2005.
298. Skarda RT, Tranquilli WJ: Local anesthetics. In Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA, editors: Lumb and Jones’ anesthesia and analgesia, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell, p 395.
299. Slingsby LS, Taylor PM, Waterman-Pearson AE: Effects of two doses of buprenorphine four or six hours apart on nociceptive thresholds, pain and sedation in dogs after castration. Vet Rec 159:705, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
300. Smart L, Jandrey KE, Kass PH, et al: The effect of hetastarch (670/0.75) in vivo on platelet closure time in the dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 19:444, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
301. Smith AA, Posner LP, Goldstein RE, et al: Evaluation of the effects of premedication on gastroduodenoscopy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:540, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
302. Smith LJ, Yu JK, Bjorling DE, et al: Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values, and histamine release in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1101, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
303. Soar J, Nolan JP: Use of ultrasound to detect and treat reversible causes during CPR. Resuscitation 74:199, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
304. Solano AM, Pypendop BH, Boscan PL, et al: Effect of intravenous administration of ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in anesthetized dogs. Am J Vet Res 67:21, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
305. Staffieri F, Franchini D, Carella GL, et al: Computed tomographic analysis of the effects of two inspired oxygen concentrations on pulmonary aeration in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs. Am J Vet Res 68:925, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
306. Steagall PV, Mantovani FB, Taylor PM, et al: Dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous buprenorphine in cats. Vet J 182:203, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
307. Steagall PV, Teixeira Neto FJ, Minto BW, et al: Evaluation of the isoflurane-sparing effects of lidocaine and fentanyl during surgery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:522, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
308. Steffey MA, Schwark WS, Erb HN: Plasma fentanyl concentration during long-term exposure to transdermal fentanyl patches in cats. Presented at 9th World Congress of Veterinary Anesthesia, September 13–15, 2006, Santos, Brazil.
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310. Stegmann GF, Bester L: Some clinical effects of midazolam premedication in propofol-induced and isoflurane-maintained anaesthesia in dogs during ovariohysterectomy. J S Afr Vet Assoc 72:214, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
311. Stepien RL, Rapoport GS: Clinical comparison of three methods to measure blood pressure in nonsedated dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1623, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
312. Stoelting RK, Dierdoft SF: Endocrine diseases. In Stoelting RK, Dierdoft SF, editors: Anesthesia and co-existing disease, ed 4, Philadelphia, PA, 2002, Churchill Livingstone, p 420.
313. Strachan FA, Mansel JC, Clutton RE: A comparison of microbial growth in alfaxalone, propofol and thiopental. J Small Anim Pract 49:186, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
314. Sutton TS, Koblin DD, Gruenke LD, et al: Fluoride metabolites after prolonged exposure of volunteers and patients to desflurane. Anesth Analg 73:180, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
315. Takahashi T, Tsuchida D, Pappas TN: Central effects of morphine on GI motility in conscious dogs. Brain Res 1166:29, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
316. Takizawa D, Hiraoka H, Goto F, et al: Human kidneys play an important role in the elimination of propofol. Anesthesiology 102:327, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
317. Teixeira Neto FJ, Carregaro AB, Mannarino R, et al: Comparison of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph in mechanically ventilated dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1582, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
318. Tobias KM, Jackson AM, Harvey RC: Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis. Vet Anaesth Analg 31:258, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
319. Tobias KM, Marioni-Henry K, Wagner R: A retrospective study on the use of acepromazine maleate in dogs with seizures. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:283, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
320. Topal A, Gul N, Ilcol Y, et al: Hepatic effects of halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 50:530, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
321. Traut U, Brugger L, Kunz R, et al: Systemic prokinetic pharmacologic treatment for postoperative adynamic ileus following abdominal surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004930, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
322. Trissel: Diazepam. In Handbook on injectable drugs, ed 12, Philadelphia, PA, 2002, American Society of Health System Pharmacists, p 402.
323. Troncy E, Junot S, Keroack S, et al: Results of preemptive epidural administration of morphine with or without bupivacaine in dogs and cats undergoing surgery: 265 cases (1997–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:666, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
324. Tsai YC, Wang LY, Yeh LS: Clinical comparison of recovery from total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 69:1179, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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326. Valverde A: Epidural analgesia and anesthesia in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 38:1205, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
327. Valverde A, Cantwell S, Hernandez J, et al: Effects of acepromazine on the incidence of vomiting associated with opioid administration in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 31:40, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
328. Valverde A, Morey TE, Hernandez J, et al: Validation of several types of noxious stimuli for use in determining the minimum alveolar concentration for inhalation anesthetics in dogs and rabbits. Am J Vet Res 64:957, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
329. Vanegas H, Schaible HG: Prostaglandins and cyclooxygenases [correction of cycloxygenases] in the spinal cord. Prog Neurobiol 64:327, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
330. Viscusi ER, Gan TJ, Leslie JB, et al: Peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists and postoperative ileus: mechanisms of action and clinical applicability. Anesth Analg 108:1811, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
331. Wagner AE, Walton JA, Hellyer PW, et al: Use of low doses of ketamine administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:72, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
332. Waterman AE, Kalthum W: Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered pethidine in dogs and the influence of anaesthesia and surgery. Vet Rec 124:293, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
333. Webb ST, Ghosh S: Intra-articular bupivacaine: potentially chondrotoxic? Br J Anaesth 102:439, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
334. Whitwam JG, Amrein R: Pharmacology of flumazenil. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 108:3, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
335. Wiederstein I, Moens YP: Guidelines and criteria for the placement of laryngeal mask airways in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 35:374, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
336. Williams LS, Levy JK, Robertson SA, et al: Use of the anesthetic combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, ketamine, and xylazine for neutering feral cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1491, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
337. Wilson DV, Evans AT: Anesthesia case of the month: paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:302, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
338. Wilson DV, Evans AT: The effect of topical treatment on esophageal pH during acid reflux in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 34:339, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
339. Wilson DV, Evans AT, Mauer WA: Influence of metoclopramide on gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs. Am J Vet Res 67:26, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
340. Wilson DV, Evans AT, Miller R: Effects of preanesthetic administration of morphine on gastroesophageal reflux and regurgitation during anesthesia in dogs. Am J Vet Res 66:386, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
341. Wilson DV, Walshaw R: Postanesthetic esophageal dysfunction in 13 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:455, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
342. Wise-Faberowski L, Nargozian C: Utility of airway exchange catheters in pediatric patients with a known difficult airway. Pediatr Crit Care Med 6:454, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
343. Wright KN, Breitschwerdt EB, Feldman JM, et al: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in a hypercalcemic dog with multiple endocrine neoplasia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:156, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
344. Yamashita K, Ueyama Y, Miyoshi K, et al: Minimally invasive determination of cardiac output by transthoracic bioimpedance, partial carbon dioxide rebreathing, and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 69:43, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
345. Yang J, Chai YF, Gong CY, et al: Further proof that the spinal cord, and not the brain, mediates the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics. Anesthesiology 110:591, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
346. Yokohata K, Kimura H, Ogawa Y, et al: Biliary motility: changes in detailed characteristics correlated to duodenal migrating motor complex and effects of morphine and motilin in dogs. Dig Dis Sci 39:1294, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
347. Zylanoff PL, Mark-Savage P, Martucci RW, et al: Common bile duct responses to anesthetic agents in dogs. Anesthesiology 51:S33, 1979.
Chapter 24: Minimally Invasive Operating Room Equipment
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29. Mayhew PD, Brown DC: Prospective evaluation of two intracorporeally sutured prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy techniques compared with laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs. Vet Surg 38:738, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
30. Mayhew PD, Freeman LJ, Kwan T, Brown DC: Prospective comparison of post-operative wound infection rates after minimally invasive versus open surgery. Proceedings of the Veterinary Endoscopy Society Annual Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, March 7, 2009.
31. Mayhew PD, Friedberg JS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of non-invasive thymomas using single-lung ventilation in two dogs. Vet Surg 37:756, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
32. Mayhew PD, Mehler SJ, Radhakrishnan A: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy of uncomplicated gall bladder mucocele in six dogs. Vet Surg 37:625, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
33. Neuhaus SJ, Gupta A, Watson DI: Helium and other alternative insufflation gases for laparoscopy. Surg Endosc 15:553, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
34. Nguyenba TP, Tobias AH: The Amplatz canine duct occluder: a novel device for patent ductus arteriosus occlusion. J Vet Cardiol 9:109, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
35. Olmi S, Scaini A, Erba L, et al: Use of fibrin glue (Tissucol) as a hemostatic in laparoscopic conservative treatment of spleen trauma. Surg Endosc 21:2051, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
36. Person B, Vivas DA, Ruiz D, et al: Comparison of four energy-based vascular sealing and cutting instruments: a porcine model. Surg Endosc 22:534, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
37. Reimer SB, Kittleson MD, Kyles AE: Use of rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of feline distal aortic thromboembolism. J Vet Intern Med 20:290, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Roberts A: Thrombolysis: clinical applications. In Baum S, Pentecost MJ, editors: Abrams’ angiography interventional radiology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2006, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 233.
39. Russell KN, Mayhew PD, Sorrell-Raschi L: Thoracoscopic subphrenic pericardiectomy using double-lumen endobronchial intubation for alternating one-lung ventilation. Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons Annual Symposium, San Diego, October 22–25, 2008.
40. Schlicksup M, Weisse C*, Berent A, Solomon J: Use of endovascular stents in three dogs with Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 235:544, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
41. Seldinger SI: Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography: a new technique. Acta Radiol 39:368, 1953. PUBMED Abstract
42. Shettko DL, Frisbie DD, Hendrickson DA: A comparison of knot security of commonly used hand-tied laparoscopic slipknots. Vet Surg 33:521, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
43. Stoloff DR: Laparoscopic suturing and knot tying techniques. In Freeman LJ, editor: Veterinary endosurgery, St Louis, 1999, Mosby.
44. Sun F, Hernandez J, Ezquerra J, et al: Angiographic study and therapeutic embolization of soft-tissue fibrosarcoma in a dog: case report and literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:452, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
45. Sura PA, Krahwinkel DJ: Self-expanding nitinol stents for the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs: 12 cases (2001–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:228, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
46. Twedt DC, Monnet E: Laparoscopy: technique and clinical experience. In McCarthy TC, editor: Veterinary endoscopy, St Louis, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, pp 357.
47. Walsh PJ, Remedios AM, Ferguson JF, et al: Thoracoscopic versus open partial pericardiectomy in dogs: comparison of post-operative pain and morbidity. Vet Surg 28:472, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Weisse C, Berent A, Elville K, et al: Coil embolization of canine intrahepatic shunts: 42 cases. Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACVIM Forum, Louisville, KY, May 31–June 1, 2006.
49. Weisse C, Berent A, Kaae J, et al: Preliminary evaluation of esophageal stenting for recurrent benign esophageal strictures in 1 ferret and 4 dogs. Keystone, CO, 2008, Veterinary Endoscopy Society.
50. Weisse C, Berent A, Todd K, et al: Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:226, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
51. Weisse C, Clifford CA, Holt D, et al: Percutaneous arterial embolization and chemoembolization for the treatment of benign and malignant tumors in three dogs and a goat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1430, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
52. Wongand GTC, Irwin MG: Contrast-induced nephropathy. Br J Anaesth 99:474, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 25: Introduction to Oncologic Surgery for the General Surgeon
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143. Modiano JF, Breen M, Burnett RC, et al: Distinct B-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease prevalence among dog breeds indicates heritable risk. Cancer Res 65:5654, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
144. Mohs FE: Chemosurgical treatment of cancer of the ear: a microscopically controlled method of excision. Surgery 21:605, 1947. PUBMED Abstract
145. Mulligan G, Jacks T: The retinoblastoma gene family: cousins with overlapping interests. Trends Genet 14:223, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
146. Murgia C, Pritchard JK, Kim SY, et al: Clonal origin and evolution of a transmissible cancer. Cell 126:477, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
147. Nasir L, Devlin P, McKevitt T, et al: Telomere lengths and telomerase activity in dog tissues: a potential model system to study human telomere and telomerase biology. Neoplasia 3:351, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
148. Nogueras JJ, Jagelman DG: Principles of surgical resection: influence of surgical technique on treatment outcome: colorectal cancer. Surg Clin North Am 73:103, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
149. O’Brien RT, Iani M, Matheson J, et al: Contrast harmonic ultrasound of spontaneous liver nodules in 32 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:547, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
150. Olovnikov AM: Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: origin of the theory. Exp Gerontol 31:443, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
151. Owen LN, editor: TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals, Geneva, 1980, World Health Organization.
152. Ozaki K, Yamagami T, Nomura K, Narama I: Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumor. J Vet Med Sci 69:1117, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
153. Paoloni MC, Adams WM, Dubielzig RR, et al: Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with primary lung tumors: 14 cases (1999–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1718, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
154. Park CC, Mitsumori M, Nixon A, et al: Outcome at 8 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer: influence of margin status and systemic therapy on local recurrence. J Clin Oncol 18:1668, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
155. Pauli BU, Augustin-Voss HG, El-Sabban ME, et al: Organ-preference of metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 9:175, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
156. Penn LZ: Apoptosis modulators as cancer therapeutics. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2:684, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
157. Peremans K, Kersemans V, Liuti T, et al: Use of [123I]-2-iodo-L-phenylalanine as a tumor imaging agent n two dogs with synovial cell sarcoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:471, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
158. Phillips JC, Stephenson B, Hauck M, Dillberger J: Heritability and segregation analysis of osteosarcoma in the Scottish deerhound. Genomics 90:354, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
159. Poirier VJ, Burgess KE, Adams WM, Vail DM: Toxicity, dosage, and efficacy of vinorelbine (Navelbine) in dogs with spontaneous neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 18:536, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
160. Poston GJ: Is there a surgical oncology? In Textbook of surgical oncology, London, UK, 2007, Informa Healthcare, p 1.
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162. Potter BK, Adams SC, Pitcher JD, et al: Local recurrence of disease after unplanned excisions of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466:3093, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
163. Rapini RP: Comparison of methods for checking surgical margins. J Am Acad Dermatol 23:288, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
164. Rassnick KM, Moore AS, Williams LE, et al: Treatment of canine mast cell tumors with CCNU (lomustine). J Vet Intern Med 13:601, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
165. Rebbeck CA, Thomas R, Breen M, et al: Origins and evolution of a transmissible cancer. Evolution 63:2340, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
166. Reimer SB, Seguin B, DeCock HE, et al: Evaluation of the effect of routine histologic processing on the size of skin samples obtained from dogs. Am J Vet Res 66:500, 2009.
167. Reinbach D, McGregor JR, O’Dwyer PJ: Effect of suture material on tumour cell adherence at sites of colonic injury. Br J Surg 80:774, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
168. Ribeiro U, Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Zilberstein B, et al: Does the intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology add prognostic information in patients with potentially curative gastric resection. J Gastrointest Surg 10:170, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
169. Rivera P, Mellin M, Biagi T, et al: Mammary tumor development in dogs is associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cancer Res 69:8770, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
170. Rizzo LB, Ritchey JW, Higbee RG, et al: Histologic comparison of skin biopsy specimens collected by use of carbon dioxide or 810-nm diode lasers from dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1562, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
171. Rodin G, Mackay JA, Zimmermann C, et al: Clinician-patient communication: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 17:627, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
172. Séguin B, Besancon MF, McCallan JL, et al: Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994–2002). J Vet Intern Med 20:933, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
173. Séguin B, McDonald DE, Kent MS, et al: Tolerance of cutaneous or mucosal flaps placed into a radiation therapy field in dogs. Vet Surg 34:214, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
174. Semenza GL: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and cancer pathogenesis. IUBMB Life 60:591, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
175. Shander A, Knight K, Thurer R, et al: Prevalence and outcome of anemia in surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 116(suppl 7A):58S, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
176. Shiromizu A, Suematsu T, Yamaguchi K, et al: Effect of laparotomy and laparoscopy on the establishment of lung metastasis in a murine model. Surgery 128:799, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
177. Shriner DL, McCoy DK, Goldberg DJ, Wagner RF: Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 39:79, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
178. Sigurdson ER: Lymph node dissection: is it diagnostic or therapeutic? Am Soc Clin Oncol 21:965, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
179. Simmons R, Thevarajah S, Brennan MB, et al: Methylene blue dye as an alternative to isosulfan blue dye for sentinel lymph node localization. Ann Surg Oncol 10:242, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
180. Simpson AM, Ludwig LL, Newman SJ, et al: Evaluation of surgical margins required for complete excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:236, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
181. Simpson AM, Ludwig LL, Newman SJ, et al: Evaluation of surgical margins required for complete excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:236, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
182. Skorupski KA, Rodriguez CO, Krick EL, et al: Long-term survival in dogs with localized histiocytic sarcoma treated with CCNU as an adjuvant to local therapy. Vet Comp Oncol 7:139, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
183. Soderstrom MJ, Gilson SD: Principles of surgical oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 25:97, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
184. Sottnik JL, U’Ren LW, Thamm DH, et al: Chronic bacterial osteomyelitis suppression of tumor growth requires innate immune responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 59:367, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
185. Stefanello D, Morello E, Roccabianca P, et al: Marginal excision of low-grade spindle cell sarcoma of canine extremities: 35 dogs (1996–2006). Vet Surg 37:461, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
186. Sugiura H, Takahashi M, Katagiri H, et al: Additional wide resections of malignant soft tissue tumors. Clin Orthop 394:201, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
187. Taghian A, Mohiuddin M, Jagsi R, et al: Current perceptions regarding surgical margin status after breast-conserving therapy: results of a survey. Ann Surg 241:629, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
188. Takashima A: UVB-dependent modulation of epidermal cytokine network: roles in UVB-induced depletion of Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells. J Dermatol 22:876, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
189. Tannock I, Hill R: Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In The basic science of oncology, New York, 2005, McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing, p 123.
190. Tannock I, Hill R: The basic science of oncology, New York, 2005, McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing.
191. Tanvetyanon T, Clark JI, Campbell SC, et al: Neoadjuvant therapy: an emerging concept in oncology. South Med J 98:338, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
192. Teifke JP, Löhr CV, Shirasawa H: Detection of canine oral papillomavirus-DNA in canine oral squamous cell carcinomas and p53 overexpressing skin papillomas of the dog using the polymerase chain reaction and non-radioactive in situ hybridization. Vet Microbiol 60:119, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
193. Thamm DH, Vail DM: Mast cell tumors. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, p 261.
194. Thomson M: Alimentary tract, liver, and pancreas. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 2368.
195. Townsend DW, Beyer T: A combined PET/CT scanner: the path to true image fusion. Br J Radiol 75:824, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
196. Turnbull RB, Kyle K, Watson FR, et al: Cancer of the colon: the influence of the no-touch isolation technique on survival rates. Ann Surg 166:420, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
197. Vail DM, MacEwen EG, Kurzman ID, et al: Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine adjuvant immunotherapy for splenic hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a randomized multi-institutional clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 1:1165, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
198. Vail DM, Rodabaugh HS, Conder GA, et al: Efficacy of injectable maropitant (Cerenia) in a randomized clinical trial for prevention and treatment of cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs presented as veterinary patients. Vet Comp Oncol 5:38, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
199. Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group (VCOG): Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group—Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.0. Vet Comp Oncol 2:195, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
200. Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, et al: Failure of the primary site following multimodality treatment in advance head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg 6:720, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
201. Virkus WW, Marshall D, Enneking WF, et al: The effect of contaminated surgical margins revisited. Clin Orthop Relat Res 397:89, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
202. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW: The genetic basis of human cancer, New York, 2002, McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing.
203. VonHoldt BM, Ostrander EA: The singular history of a canine transmissible tumor. Cell 126:445, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
204. Wakui S, Muto T, Yokoo K, et al: Prognostic status of p53 gene mutation in canine mammary carcinoma. Anticancer Res 21:611, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
205. Waldron DR, Zimmerman-Pope N: Superficial skin wounds. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 259.
206. Wallack ST, Wisner ER, Werner JA, et al: Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for estimating intramedullary osteosarcoma extent in pre-operative planning of canine limb-salvage procedures. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:432, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
207. Waters D: Tumor metastasis: current biologic concepts and their implications for control of residual disease. In Gilson SD, editor: Surgical oncology, veterinary clinics of North America small animal practice, Philadelphia, 1995, WB Saunders, p 231.
208. Weisse C, Shofer FS, Sorenmo K: Recurrence rates and sites for grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumors following complete surgical excision. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:71, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
209. Williams LE, Packer RA: Association between lymph node size and metastasis in dogs with oral malignant melanoma: 100 cases (1987–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1234, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
210. Wilson H, Huelsmeyer M, Chun R, et al: Isolation and characterisation of cancer stem cells from canine osteosarcoma. Vet J 175:69, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
211. Withrow SJ: Surgical oncology. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, p 70.
212. Wong CK, Lam YL, So YC, et al: Management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma after unplanned incomplete resection: experience of a regional musculoskeletal tumour center. Hong Kong Med J 10:117, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
SECTION III: Neurosurgery
Chapter 26: Neurologic Examination and Neuroanatomic Diagnosis
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5. Levine JM, Hillman RB, Erb HN, deLahunta A: The influence of age on patellar reflex response in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 16:244, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
6. Levine JM, Ruaux CG, Bergman RL, et al: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of dogs with acute spinal cord trauma from intervertebral disk disease. Am J Vet Res 67:283, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 27: Neurodiagnostics
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8. Braund KG, Lincoln CE: Histochemical differentiation of fiber types in neonatal canine skeletal muscle. Am J Vet Res 42:407, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
9. Braund KG, McGuire JA, Lincoln CE: Observations on normal skeletal muscle of mature dogs: a cytochemical, histochemical, and morphometric study. Vet Pathol 19:577, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
10. Braund KG, Walker TL, Vandevelde M: Fascicular nerve biopsy in the dog. Am J Vet Res 40:1025, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
11. Braund KG: Neurological syndromes. In Vite CH, Braund KG, editors: Braund’s clinical neurology in small animals: localization, diagnosis and treatment, Ithaca, NY, 2003, International Veterinary Information Services.
12. Braund KG: Skeletal muscle biopsy. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 4:108, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
13. Cardinet GH, 3rd, Holliday TA: Neuromuscular diseases of domestic animals: a summary of muscle biopsies from 159 cases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 317:290, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
14. Cherington M: Electrophysiologic methods as an aid in diagnosis of botulism: a review. Muscle Nerve 5:S28, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
15. Cuddon PA, Delauche AJ, Hutchison JM: Assessment of dorsal nerve root and spinal cord dorsal horn function in clinically normal dogs by determination of cord dorsum potentials. Am J Vet Res 60:222, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
16. Cuddon PA: Electrophysiology in neuromuscular disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:31, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
17. Dewey CW, Bailey CS, Shelton GD, et al: Clinical forms of acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs: 25 cases (1988–1995). J Vet Intern Med 11:50, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
18. Dickinson PJ, LeCouteur RA: Feline neuromuscular disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34:1307, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
19. Dickinson PJ, LeCouteur RA: Muscle and nerve biopsy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:63, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
20. Dubowitz V, Brooke MH: Muscle biopsy: a modern approach, Philadelphia, 1973, WB Saunders.
21. Dumitru D: Electrodiagnostic medicine, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2001, Hanley & Belfus.
22. Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C: Myology, ed 2, New York, 1994, McGraw-Hill.
23. English AW, Wolf SL: The motor unit: anatomy and physiology. Phys Ther 62:1763, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
24. Fascetti AJ, Mauldin GE, Mauldin GN: Correlation between serum creatine kinase activities and anorexia in cats. J Vet Intern Med 11:9, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
25. Fisher MA: AAEM minimonograph #13: H reflexes and F waves: physiology and clinical indications. Muscle Nerve 15:1223, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
26. Fyfe JC: Molecular diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:287, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
27. Glass EN, Kent M: The clinical examination for neuromuscular disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:1, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
28. Griffiths IR, Duncan ID, McQueen A, et al: Neuromuscular disease in dogs: some aspects of its investigation and diagnosis. J Small Anim Pract 14:533, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
29. Holliday TA, Weldon NE, Ealand BG: Percutaneous recording of evoked spinal cord potentials of dogs. Am J Vet Res 40:326, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
30. Holliday TA: Electrodiagnostic examination: somatosensory evoked potentials and electromyography. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:833, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
31. Jeffery ND, Talbot CE, Smith PM, et al: Acquired idiopathic laryngeal paralysis as a prominent feature of generalised neuromuscular disease in 39 dogs. Vet Rec 158:17, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
32. Kimura J: Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle: principles and practice, New York, 2001, Oxford University Press.
33. Knecht CD, Redding R, Hyams D: Stimulation techniques and response characteristics of the M and F waves and H reflex in dogs. Vet Res Commun 6:123, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
34. Knecht CD, Redding RW, Wilson S: Characteristics of F and H waves of ulnar and tibial nerves in cats: reference values. Am J Vet Res 46:977, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
35. Kuzon WM, Jr, Rosenblatt JD, Pynn BR, et al: A comparative histochemical and morphometric study of canine skeletal muscle. Can J Vet Res 53:125, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
36. McGavin MD: Muscle biopsy in veterinary practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 13:135, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
37. Mesrati F, Vecchierini MF: F-waves: neurophysiology and clinical value. Neurophysiol Clin 34:217, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
38. Niederhauser UB, Holliday TA, Hyde DM, et al: Correlation of sensory electroneurographic recordings and myelinated fiber diameters of the superficial peroneal nerve of dogs. Am J Vet Res 51:1587, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
39. Niederhauser UB, Holliday TA: Electrodiagnostic studies in diseases of muscles and neuromuscular junctions. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 4:116, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
40. O’Brien DP, Johnson GC: Dysautonomia and autonomic neuropathies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:251, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
41. Orvis JS, Cardinet GH, 3rd: Canine muscle fiber types and susceptibility of masticatory muscles to myositis. Muscle Nerve 4:354, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
42. Platt SR: Neuromuscular complications in endocrine and metabolic disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:125, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
43. Reynolds AJ, Fuhrer L, Valentine BA, et al: New approach to percutaneous muscle biopsy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 56:982, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
44. Rosenblatt JD, Kuzon WM, Jr, Pynn BR, et al: Fiber type, fiber size, and capillary geometric features of the semitendinosus muscle in three types of dogs. Am J Vet Res 49:1573, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
45. Rossmeisl JH, Duncan RB, Inzana KD, et al: Longitudinal study of the effects of chronic hypothyroidism on skeletal muscle in dogs. Am J Vet Res 70:879, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
46. Shelton GD, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Bandman E, et al: Fiber type-specific autoantibodies in a dog with eosinophilic myositis. Muscle Nerve 8:783, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
47. Shelton GD, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Bandman E: Canine masticatory muscle disorders: a study of 29 cases. Muscle Nerve 10:753, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
48. Shelton GD, Cardinet GH, 3rd: Pathophysiologic basis of canine muscle disorders. J Vet Intern Med 1:36, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
49. Shelton GD, Willard MD, Cardinet GH, 3rd, et al: Acquired myasthenia gravis: selective involvement of esophageal, pharyngeal, and facial muscles. J Vet Intern Med 4:281, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
50. Shelton GD: Clinical pathology for neuromuscular disease. In Shelton GD, editor: Neuromuscular case of the month, 2009. Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory website. Available at: .
51. Shelton GD: Myasthenia gravis and disorders of neuromuscular transmission. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:189, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
52. Shelton GD: Myasthenia gravis: lessons from the past 10 years. J Small Anim Pract 39:368, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
53. Shelton GD: Neuromuscular disorders affecting young dogs and cats. Vet Neurol Neurosurg J 1:1, 1999.
54. Shelton GD: Rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and necrotizing myopathies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34:1469, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
55. Shelton GD: What collection methods are necessary for testing plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations? In Shelton GD, editor: Frequently asked questions, 2010. Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory website. Available at: .
56. Trevino GS, Demaree RS, Jr, Sanders BV, et al: Needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in dogs: light and electron microscopy of resting muscle. Am J Vet Res 34:507, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
57. van Dijk JG, van der Hoeven BJ, van der Hoeven H: Repetitive nerve stimulation: effects of recording site and the nature of “pseudofacilitation.” Clin Neurophysiol 111:1411, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
58. Walker TL, Redding RW, Braund KG: Motor nerve conduction velocity and latency in the dog. Am J Vet Res 40:1433, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
59. Williams DC: Neuromuscular disease diagnostics. Part Three: Late responses and repetitive nerve stimulation. In Shelton GD, editor: Neuromuscular Case of the Month, 2004. Available at: .
Chapter 28: Imaging of the Neurologic System
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2. Adamo PF, Crawford JT, Stepien RL: Subdural hematoma of the brainstem in a dog: magnetic resonance findings and treatment. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:400, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
3. Adams WH, Daniel GB, Pardo AD, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral spine in 13 dogs (1990–1993). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 36:3, 1995.
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11. Bach JF, Mahony OM, Tidwell AS, et al: Brain abscess and bacterial endocarditis in a kerry blue terrier with a history of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:409, 2007.
12. Bagley RS, Wheeler SJ, Klopp L, et al: Clinical features of trigeminal nerve-sheath tumor in 10 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:19, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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14. Barrs VR, Nicoll RG, Churcher RK, et al: Intracranial empyema: literature review and two novel cases in cats. J Small Anim Pract 48:449, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
15. Bathen-Noethen A, Stein VM, Puff C, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in acute canine distemper virus infection. J Small Anim Pract 49:460, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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20. Boroffka SA, Voorhout G: Direct and reconstructed multiplanar computed tomography of the orbits of healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 60:1500, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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22. Braund KG: Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:138, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
23. Brenner O, de Lahunta A, Summers BA, et al: Hereditary polioencephalomyelopathy of the australian cattle dog. Acta Neuropathol 94:54, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
24. Brenner O, Wakshlag JJ, Summers BA, et al: Alaskan Husky encephalopathy—a canine neurodegenerative disorder resembling subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh syndrome). Acta Neuropathol 100:50, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
25. Bush WW, Throop JL, McManus PM, et al: Intravascular lymphoma involving the central and peripheral nervous systems in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:90, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
26. Cantile C, Chianini F, Arispici M, et al: Necrotizing meningoencephalitis associated with cortical hippocampal hamartia in a Pekingese dog. Vet Pathol 38:119, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
27. Cappello R, Rusbridge C: Report from the Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia working group round table. Vet Surg 36:509, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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187. Owen MC, Davis SH, Worth AJ: Imaging diagnosis—traumatic myelopathy in a dog with incomplete ossification of the dorsal lamina of the atlas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:570, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
188. Ozsarlak O, Van Goethem JW, Maes M, et al: MR angiography of the intracranial vessels: technical aspects and clinical applications. Neuroradiology 46:955, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
189. Packer RA, Coates JR, Cook CR, et al: Sublumbar abscess and diskospondylitis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:396, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
190. Packer RA, Frank PM, Chambers JN: Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:523, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
191. Panarello GL, Dewey CW, Barone G, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of two suspected cases of global brain ischemia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 14:269, 2004.
192. Parry AT, Penning VA, Smith KC, et al: Imaging diagnosis—necrotizing meningomyelitis and polyarthritis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:412, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
193. Patel MR, Edelman RR, Warach S: Detection of hyperacute primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage by magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 27:2321, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
194. Pease A, Sullivan S, Olby N, et al: Value of a single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence for assessing the architecture of the subarachnoid space and the constitutive nature of cerebrospinal fluid. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:254, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
195. Penderis J, Dennis R: Use of traction during magnetic resonance imaging of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (“Wobbler syndrome”) in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:216, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
196. Penderis J, McConnell JF, Calvin J: Magnetic resonance imaging features of thiamine deficiency in a cat. Vet Rec 160:270, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
197. Penning VA, Platt SR, Dennis R, et al: Association of spinal cord compression seen on magnetic resonance imaging with clinical outcome in 67 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. J Small Anim Pract 47:644, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
198. Peremans K, De Bondt P, Audenaert K, et al: Regional brain perfusion in 10 normal dogs measured using technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer spect. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:562, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
199. Petersen SA, Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, et al: Canine intraspinal meningiomas: imaging features, histopathologic classification, and long-term outcome in 34 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 22:946, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
200. Pettigrew R, Rylander H, Schwarz T: Magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement of the trigeminal nerve in dogs without evidence of trigeminal neuropathy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:276, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
201. Platt SR, Graham J, Chrisman CL, et al: Canine intracranial epidermoid cyst. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:454, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
202. Platt SR, McConnell JF, Bestbier M: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:78, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
203. Pollard RE, Puchalski SM, Pascoe PJ: Hemodynamic and serum biochemical alterations associated with intravenous administration of three types of contrast media in anesthetized dogs. Am J Vet Res 69:1268, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
204. Pollard RE, Puchalski SM, Pascoe PJ: Hemodynamic and serum biochemical alterations associated with intravenous administration of three types of contrast media in anesthetized cats. Am J Vet Res 69:1274, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
205. Pooley RA: AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: fundamental physics of MR imaging. Radiographics 25:1087, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
206. Porat-Mosenco Y, Schwarz T, Kass PH: Thick-section reformatting of thinly collimated computed tomography for reduction of skull-base-related artifacts in dogs and horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:131, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
207. Quesnel AD, Parent JM, McDonell W, et al: Diagnostic evaluation of cats with seizure disorders: 30 cases (1991–1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:65, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
208. Reese S, Ruppert C: Ultrasonographic imaging of the vagosympathetic trunk in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:272, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
209. Rose S, Long C, Knipe M, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of brachial plexus tumors in five dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:514, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
210. Rossi F, Seiler G, Busato A, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of articular process joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the caudal lumbar spine (L5-S1) of dogs with clinical signs of cauda equina compression. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:381, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
211. Rossmeisl JH, Jr: Vestibular disease in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:81, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
212. Rudich SR, Feeney DA, Anderson KL, et al: Computed tomography of masses of the brachial plexus and contributing nerve roots in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:46, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
213. Runge VM, Nitz WR, Schmeets SH, et al: The physics of clinical MR taught through images, New York, 2005, Thieme.
214. Rusbridge C, Greitz D, Iskandar BJ: Syringomyelia: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Vet Intern Med 20:469, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
215. Sadowski EA, Bennett LK, Chan MR, et al: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: risk factors and incidence estimation. Radiology 243:148, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
216. Sawashima Y, Sawashima K, Taura Y, et al: Clinical and pathological findings of a Yorkshire terrier affected with necrotizing encephalitis. J Vet Med Sci 58:659, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
217. Schaefer PW, Grant PE, Gonzalez RG: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217:331, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
218. Schatzberg SJ, Haley NJ, Barr SC, et al: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of parvoviral DNA from the brains of dogs and cats with cerebellar hypoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 17:538, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
219. Scheffler K, Lehnhardt S: Principles and applications of balanced SSFP techniques. Eur Radiol 13:2409, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
220. Schmidt MJ, Wigger A, Jawinski S, et al: Ultrasonographic appearance of the craniocervical junction in normal brachycephalic dogs and dogs with caudal occipital (Chiari-like) malformation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:472, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
221. Schmidt MJ, Jawinski S, Wigger A, et al: Imaging diagnosis—Dandy Walker malformation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:264, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
222. Schneider AR, Chen AV, Tucker RL: Imaging diagnosis—vertebral canal porcupine quill with presumptive secondary arachnoid diverticulum. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:152, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
223. Schoeman JP, Stidworthy MF, Penderis J, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of a cerebral cavernous haemangioma in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 73:207, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
224. Schultz RM, Tucker RL, Gavin PR, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of acquired trigeminal nerve disorders in six dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:101, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
225. Seeram E: Computed tomography: physical principles, clinical applications, and quality control, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2001, WB Saunders.
226. Seiler G, Hani H, Scheidegger J, et al: Staging of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in nonchondrodystrophic dogs using low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:179, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
227. Seiler G, Cizinauskas S, Scheidegger J, et al: Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of a pyocephalus and a suspected brain abscess in a German Shepherd dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:417, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
228. Snyder JM, Lipitz L, Skorupski KA, et al: Secondary intracranial neoplasia in the dog: 177 cases (1986–2003). J Vet Intern Med 22:172, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
229. Snyder JM, Shofer FS, Van Winkle TJ, et al: Canine intracranial primary neoplasia: 173 cases (1986–2003). J Vet Intern Med 20:669, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
230. Stacy BA, Stevenson TL, Lipsitz D, et al: Simultaneously occurring oligodendroglioma and meningioma in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 17:357, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
231. Stalin CE, Rusbridge C, Granger N, et al: Radiographic morphology of the cranial portion of the cervical vertebral column in Cavalier King Charles spaniels and its relationship to syringomyelia. Am J Vet Res 69:89, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
232. Stalin CE, Granger N, Jeffery ND: Cerebellar vascular hamartoma in a british shorthair cat. J Feline Med Surg 10:206, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
233. Stalis IH, Chadwick B, Dayrell-Hart B, et al: Necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Maltese dogs. Vet Pathol 32:230, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
234. Steinberg T, Matiasek K, Bruhschwein A, et al: Imaging diagnosis—intracranial epidermoid cyst in a Doberman Pinscher. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:250, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
235. Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, Kortz GD, et al: Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging features, and outcome after surgical and medical treatment of otogenic intracranial infection in 11 cats and 4 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 20:648, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
236. Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, Bollen AW, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and histological classification of intracranial meningiomas in 112 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 22:586, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
237. Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A: Degenerative disease of the central nervous system. In Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A, editors: Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby.
238. Szatmari V, van Sluijs FJ, Rothuizen J, et al: Ultrasonographic assessment of hemodynamic changes in the portal vein during surgical attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:395, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
239. Tamura S, Tamura Y, Nakamoto Y, et al: MR imaging of histiocytic sarcoma of the canine brain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:178, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
240. Tanaka H, Nakayama M, Takase K: Intraoperative spinal ultrasonography in two dogs with spinal disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:99, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
241. Targett MP, McInnes E, Dennis R: Magnetic resonance imaging of a medullary dermoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:23, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
242. Tartarelli CL, Baroni M, Borghi M: Thoracolumbar disc extrusion associated with extensive epidural haemorrhage: a retrospective study of 23 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 46:485, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
243. Thames RA, Robertson ID, Flegel T, et al: Development of a morphometric magnetic resonance image parameter suitable for distinguishing between normal dogs and dogs with cerebellar atrophy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:246, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
244. Thomas WB, Wheeler SJ, Kramer R, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging features of primary brain tumors in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:20, 1996.
245. Thomas WB: Hydrocephalus in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:143, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
246. Thomas WB: Nonneoplastic disorders of the brain. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 14:125, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
247. Thomas WB, Sorjonen DC, Scheuler RO, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of brain infarction in seven dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:345, 1996.
248. Tidwell AS: Principles in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In Thrall DE, editors: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, ed 5, St Louis, 2007, Saunders Elsevier.
249. Tidwell AS, Ross LA, Kleine LJ: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of cavernous sinus enlargement in a dog with unilateral exophthalmos. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:363, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
250. Tidwell AS, Specht A, Blaeser L, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging features of extradural hematomas associated with intervertebral disc herniation in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:319, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
251. Timm K, Flegel T, Oechtering G: Sequential magnetic resonance imaging changes after suspected global brain ischaemia in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 49:408, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
252. Timmann D, Konar M, Howard J, et al: Necrotising encephalitis in a French Bulldog. J Small Anim Pract 48:339, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
253. Troxel MT, Vite CH, Massicotte C, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging features of feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective analysis of 46 cats. J Vet Intern Med 18:176, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
254. Tzipory L, Vernau KM, Sturges BK, et al: Antemortem diagnosis of localized central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma in 2 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 23:369, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
255. Ulug AM, Truong TN, Filippi CG, et al: Diffusion imaging in obstructive hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1171, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
256. van der Merwe LL, Lane E: Diagnosis of cerebellar cortical degeneration in a Scottish terrier using magnetic resonance imaging. J Small Anim Pract 42:409, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
257. Van der Vlugt-Meijer RH, Meij BP, Voorhout G: Dynamic helical computed tomography of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:118, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
258. Vernau KM, LeCouteur RA, Sturges BK, et al: Intracranial intra-arachnoid cyst with intracystic hemorrhage in two dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:449, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
259. Vernau KM, Kortz GD, Koblik PD, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography characteristics of intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts in 6 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:171, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
260. Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tanghe HL, et al: Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N Engl J Med 357:1821, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
261. Vite CH, McGowan JC, Braund KG, et al: Histopathology, electrodiagnostic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging show significant peripheral and central nervous system myelin abnormalities in the cat model of alpha-mannosidosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60:817, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
262. Vite CH, Magnitsky S, Aleman D, et al: Apparent diffusion coefficient reveals gray and white matter disease, and t2 mapping detects white matter disease in the brain in feline alpha-mannosidosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:308, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
263. Vite CH, Insko EK, Schotland HM, et al: Quantification of cerebral ventricular volume in English Bulldogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:437, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
264. von Praun F, Matiasek K, Grevel V, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic findings associated with necrotizing encephalitis in two Yorkshire terriers. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:260, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
265. Vural SA, Besalti O, Ilhan F, et al: Ventricular ependymoma in a German Shepherd dog. Vet J 172:185, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
266. Wakshlag JJ, de Lahunta A, Robinson T, et al: Subacute necrotising encephalopathy in an Alaskan Husky. J Small Anim Pract 40:585, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
267. Wall M, Platt S, Selcer B, et al: Multifocal spinal papillary meningioma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:309, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
268. Wallack ST, Wisner ER, Feldman EC: Mensuration of the pituitary gland from magnetic resonance images in 17 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:278, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
269. Webb AA, Pharr JW, Lew LJ, et al: MR imaging findings in a dog with lumbar ganglion cysts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:9, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
270. Wenger DA, Victoria T, Rafi MA, et al: Globoid cell leukodystrophy in Cairn and West Highland White terriers. J Hered 90:138, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
271. Wessmann A, Lu D, Lamb CR, et al: Brain and spinal cord haemorrhages associated with angiostrongylus vasorum infection in four dogs. Vet Rec 158:858, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
272. Westworth DR, Dickinson PJ, Vernau W, et al: Choroid plexus tumors in 56 dogs (1985–2007). J Vet Intern Med 22:1157, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
273. Widmer WR, Blevins WE: Veterinary myelography: a review of contrast media, adverse effects, and technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:163, 1991.
274. Widmer WR, Thrall DE: Canine and feline intervertebral disc disease, myelography, and spinal cord disease. In Thrall DE, editor: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, WB Saunders.
275. Wilkens BE, Selcer R, Adams WH, et al: T9-T10 intervertebral disc herniation in three dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 9:177, 1996.
276. Windsor RC, Sturges BK, Vernau KM, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 23:275, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
277. Wood FD, Pollard RE, Uerling MR, et al: Diagnostic imaging findings and endocrine test results in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism that did or did not have neurologic abnormalities: 157 cases (1989–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1081, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
278. Woodruff WW: Anatomy and general approach. In Woodruff WW, editor: Fundamentals of neuroimaging, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
279. Wyss-Fluehmann G, Konar M, Jaggy A, et al: Cerebellar ependymal cyst in a dog. Vet Pathol 45:910, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
280. Zhao Q, Lee S, Kent M, et al: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of canine brain tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:122, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 29: Pathogenesis and Physiology of Central Nervous System Disease and Injury
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148. Thomas WE: Brain macrophages: evaluation of microglia and their functions. Brain Res Rev 17:61, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
149. Tipold A: Diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the central nervous system in dogs: a retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 9:304, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
150. Tipold A, Jaggy A: Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs: long-term study of 32 cases. J Small Anim Pract 35:311, 1994.
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159. Xiao BG, Link H: Immune regulation within the central nervous system. J Neurol Sci 157:1, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
160. Yoshimura N, de Groat WC: Increased excitability of afferent neurons innervating rat urinary bladder after chronic bladder inflammation. J Neurosci 19:4644, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
161. Young W, Koreh I: Potassium and calcium changes in injured spinal cords. Brain Res 365:42, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
162. Young W: Non-regenerative approaches to spinal cord injury. In Gorio A, editor: Neuroregeneration, New York, 1993, Raven Press, pp 169–184.
163. Yovich JV, et al: Ultrastructural alterations in the spinal cord of horses with chronic cervical compressive myelopathy. Prog Vet Neurol 3:13, 1992.
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Chapter 30: Medical Conditions of the Nervous System
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83. Lowrie M, Penderis J, Eckersall PD, et al: The role of acute phase proteins in diagnosis and management of steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis in dogs. Vet J 182:125, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
84. Maretzki CH, Fisher DJ, Greene CE: Granulocytic ehrlichiosis and meningitis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1554, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
85. Marioni-Henry K, Vite CH, Newton AL, Van Winkle TJ: Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats. J Vet Intern Med 18:851, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
86. Matsuki N, Fujiwara K, Tamahara S, et al: Prevalence of autoantibody in cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with various CNS diseases. J Vet Med Sci 3:295, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
87. Matthews NS, de Lahunta A: Degenerative myelopathy in an adult miniature poodle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:1213, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
88. McArthur JC, Brew BJ, Nath A: Neurological complications of HIV infection. Lancet Neurol 4:543, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
89. Mellema LM, Samii VF, Vernau KM, LeCouteur RA: Meningeal enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging in 15 dogs and 3 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1:10, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
90. Mesfin GM, Kusewitt D, Parker A: Degenerative myelopathy in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:62, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
91. Messer JS, Wagner SO, Baumwart RD, Colitz CM: A case of canine streptococcal meningoencephalitis diagnosed using universal bacterial polymerase chain reaction assay. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:205, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
92. Moller T, Neilsen S: Toxoplasmosis in distemper-susceptible carnivora. Pathol Vet 1:189, 1964.
93. Moore MP: Discospondylitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:1027, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
94. Munana KR, Luttgen PJ: Prognostic factors for dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: 42 cases (1982–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:1902, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
95. Nakamoto Y, Ozawa T, Katakabe K, et al: Fibrocartilaginous embolism of the spinal cord diagnosed by characteristic clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging in 26 dogs. J Vet Med Sci 71:171, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
96. Neer TM: Fibrocartilaginous emboli. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:1017, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
97. Nichols PR, Morris DO, Beale KM: A retrospective study of canine and feline cutaneous vasculitis. Vet Dermatol 12:255, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
98. Nuhsbaum MT, Powell CC, Gionfriddo JR, Cuddon PA: Treatment of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 5:29, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
99. Pedersen NC, Black JW: Attempted immunization of cats against feline infectious peritonitis, using avirulent live virus or sublethal amounts of virulent virus. Am J Vet Res 44:229, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
100. Pedersen NC. A review of feline infectious peritonitis and feline enteric coronavirus infections. Feline Pract 2:5, 1983.
101. Pedersen NC: A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963-2008. J Feline Med Surg 11:225, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
102. Plummer SB, Wheeler SJ, Thrall DE, Kornegay JN: Computed tomography of primary inflammatory brain disorders in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:307, 1992.
103. Radaelli ST, Platt SR: Bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs: a retrospective study of 23 cases (1990–1999). J Vet Intern Med 16:159, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
104. Read DH, Harrington DD: Experimentally induced thiamine deficiency in beagle dogs: clinical observations. Am J Vet Res 42:984, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
105. Remedios AM, Wagner R, Caulkett NA, Duke T: Epidural abscess and discospondylitis in a dog after administration of a lumbosacral epidural analgesic. Can Vet J 37:106, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
106. Ritz S, Egberink H, Hartmann K: Effect of feline interferon-omega on the survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med 21:1193, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
107. Rohde V, Meyer B, Schaller C, et al: Spondylodiscitis after lumbar discectomy: incidence and a proposal for prophylaxis. Spine 23:615, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
108. Saito TB, Alfieri AA, Wosiacki SR, et al: Detection of canine distemper virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the urine of dogs with clinical signs of distemper encephalitis. Res Vet Sci 80:116, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
109. Schatzberg S, Li Q, Platt S, et al, editors: Molecular investigations in canine meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. Presented at: 27th Annual Veterinary Medical Forum (ACVIM), Quebec, Canada, 2009, Montreal.
110. Schatzberg SJ, Haley NJ, Barr SC, et al: Polymerase chain reaction screening for DNA viruses in paraffin-embedded brains from dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis, necrotizing leukoencephalitis, and granulomatous meningoencephalitis. J Vet Intern Med 19:553, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
111. 110a. Schatzberg SJ, Haley NJ, Barr SC, et al: Use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in the antemortem diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the central nervous system of cats and dogs. Am J Vet Res 64:1507, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
111. Schatzberg SJ, Li Q, Porter BF, et al: Broadly reactive pan-paramyxovirus reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the detection of CDV in a case of canine MUE. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:844, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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116. Shamir MH, Tavor N, Aizenberg T: Radiographic findings during recovery from discospondylitis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:496, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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119. Smith AS, Blaser SI: Infectious and inflammatory processes of the spine. Radiol Clin North Am 29:809, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
120. Smith PM, Jeffery ND: Spinal shock—comparative aspects and clinical relevance. J Vet Intern Med 19:788, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
121. Smith PM, Stalin CE, Shaw D, et al: Comparison of two regimens for the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. J Vet Intern Med 23:520, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
122. Sorjonen DC: Neurologic and otologic disorders of geriatric patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 19:125, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
123. Speciale J, Van Winkle TJ, Steinberg SA, Wortman JA: Computed tomography in the diagnosis of focal granulomatous meningoencephalitis: retrospective evaluation of three cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:327, 1992.
124. Steiner I, Budka H, Chaudhuri A, et al: Viral encephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management. Eur J Neurol 12:331, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
125. Summers BA, Cummings JF, DeLahunta A: Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby.
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127. Talarico LR, Schatzberg SJ: Idiopathic granulomatous and necrotizing inflammatory disorders of the canine central nervous system: a review and future perspectives. J Small Anim Pract 51:138, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
128. Taylor MB, Geiger DA, Saker KE, Larson MM: Diffuse osteopenia and myelopathy in a puppy fed a diet composed of an organic premix and raw ground beef. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1041, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
129. Tebas P, Nease RF, Storch GA: Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: a decision analysis model. Am J Med 105:287, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
130. Thomas WB: Diskospondylitis and other vertebral infections. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30:169, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
131. Thomas WB: Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system in dogs. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 13:167, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
132. Thomson CE, Kornegay JN, Stevens JB: Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebellomedullary and lumbar cisterns of dogs with focal neurologic disease: 145 cases (1985-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1841, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
133. Tieber LM, Axlund TW, Simpson ST, Hathcock JT: Survival of a suspected case of central nervous system cuterebrosis in a dog: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:238, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
134. Tipold A, Schatzberg SJ: An update on steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis. J Small Anim Pract 51:150, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
135. Tipold A, Somberg R, Felsburg P: [Is there a superantigen effect on steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs?]. Tierarztl Prax 24:514, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
136. Tipold A: Diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the central nervous system in dogs: a retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 9:304, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
137. Tipold AJ: Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs: long-term study of 32 cases. J Small Anim Pract 35:311, 1994.
138. Tomsa K, Glaus T, Hauser B, et al: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in six cats. J Small Anim Pract 40:533, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
139. Webb AA, Taylor SM, Muir GD: Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs with noninfectious, nonerosive, idiopathic, immune-mediated polyarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 16:269, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
140. Wessmann A, Lu D, Lamb CR, et al: Brain and spinal cord haemorrhages associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in four dogs. Vet Rec 158:858, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
141. Wirtz DC, Genius I, Wildberger JE, et al: Diagnostics and therapeutic management of lumbar and thoracic spondylodiscitis—an evaluation of 59 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 120:245, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
142. Wrzosek M, Nicpon J, Bergamasco L, et al: Visual and quantitative electroencephalographic analysis of healthy young and adult cats under medetomidine sedation. Vet J 180:221, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
143. Zabel P, Schade FU, Schlaak M: Inhibition of endogenous TNF formation by pentoxifylline. Immunobiology 187:447, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
144. Zarfoss M, Schatzberg S, Venator K, et al: Combined cytosine arabinoside and prednisone therapy for meningoencephalitis of unknown aetiology in 10 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 47:588, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 31: Cervical Spine
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196. Sims MH: Electrodiagnostic techniques in the evaluation of diseases affecting skeletal muscle. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 13:145, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
197. Skeen TM, Olby NJ, Munana KR, et al: Spinal arachnoid cysts in 17 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:271, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
198. Smith BA, Hosgood G, Kerwin SC: Ventral slot decompression for cervical intervertebral disc disease in 112 dogs. Aust Vet Pract 27:58, 1997.
199. Somerville ME, Anderson SM, Gill PJ, et al: Accuracy of localization of cervical intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion using survey radiography in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:563, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
200. Songcharoen P: Management of brachial plexus injury in adults. Scand J Surg 97:317, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
201. Sorjonen DC, Shires PK: Atlantoaxial instability: a ventral surgical technique for decompression, fixation and fusion. Vet Surg 10:22, 1981.
202. Speciale J, Fingeroth JM: Use of physiatry as the sole treatment for three paretic or paralyzed dogs with chronic compressive conditions of the caudal portion of the cervical spinal cord. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:43, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
203. Spungen AM, Dicpinigaitis PV, Almenoff PL, et al: Pulmonary obstruction in individuals with cervical spinal cord lesions unmasked by bronchodilator administration. Paraplegia 31:404, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
204. Stauffer JL, Gleed RD, Short CE, et al: Cardiac dysrhythmias during anesthesia for cervical decompression in the dog. Am J Vet Res 49:1143, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
205. Stauffer JL, Gleed RD, Short CE, et al: Cardiac dysrhythmias during anesthesia for cervical decompression in the dog. Am J Vet Res 49:1143, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
206. Stead AC, Anderson AA, Coughlan A: Bone plating to stabilize atlantoaxial subluxation in four dogs. J Small Anim Pract 34:462, 1993.
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208. Steinmetz MP, Resnick DK: Cervical laminoplasty. Spine J 6:274S, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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210. Sureka J, Cherian RA, Alexander M, et al: MRI of brachial plexopathies. Clin Radiol 64:208, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
211. Swaim SF: Ventral decompression of the cervical spinal cord in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 164:491,1974. PUBMED Abstract
212. Swaim SF: Ventral decompression of the cervical spinal cord in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 162:276, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
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216. Thomas WB: Diseases of the brain: preface. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:ix, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
217. Thomas WB: Evaluation of veterinary patients with brain disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:1, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
218. Thomson MJ, Read RA: Surgical stabilisation of the atlantoaxial joint in a cat. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 9:36, 1996.
219. Tomlinson J: Tetraparesis following cervical disc fenestration in 2 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:76, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
220. Toombs JP, Waters DJ: Intervertebral disc disease. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 1193.
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223. VanGundy TE: Disc-associated wobbler syndrome in the Doberman pinscher. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 18:667, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
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225. Walker TL: Use of Harrington rods in caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1990, Lea & Febiger, p 584.
226. Waltz TA: Physical factors in the production of the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis. Brain 90:395, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
227. Warren-Smith CM, Kneissl S, Benigni L, et al: Incomplete ossification of the atlas in dogs with cervical signs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:635, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
228. Waters DJ: Nonambulatory tetraparesis secondary to cervical disc disease in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:647, 1989.
229. Watson AG, de Lahunta A: Atlantoaxial subluxation and absence of transverse ligament of the atlas in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:235, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
230. Wheeler SJ: Atlantoaxial subluxation with absence of the dens in a Rottweiler. J Small Anim Pract 33:90, 1992.
231. White AA, Panjabi MM: Biomechanical considerations in the surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine 13:856, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
232. Wilson ER, Aron DN, Roberts RE: Observation of a secondary compressive lesion after treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1297, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
233. Wright F, Palmer AC: Morphological changes caused by pressure on the spinal cord. Pathol Vet 6:355, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
234. Wright JA: A study of the radiographic anatomy of the cervical spine in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 18:341, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
235. Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, Yamamoto S, et al: Brachial plexus injury: clinical manifestations, conventional imaging findings, and the latest imaging techniques. Radiographics 26(suppl 1):S133, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 32: Thoracolumbar Spine
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181. Redding RW: Laminectomy in the dog. Am J Vet Res 12:123, 1951. PUBMED Abstract
182. Rohrer CR, Hill RC, Fischer A, et al: Efficacy of misoprostol in prevention of gastric hemorrhage in dogs treated with high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Am J Vet Res 60:982, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
183. Rossmeisl JH: Intervertebral disc disease. In August JR, editor: Consultations in feline internal medicine, St Louis, 2009, Saunders Elsevier, pp 533.
184. Rowland JW, Hawryluk WJ, Kwon B, et al: Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon. Neurosurg Focus 25:1, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
185. Royal AB, Chigerwe M, Coates JR, et al: Cytologic and histopathologic evaluation of extruded canine degenerate discs. Vet Surg 38:798, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
186. Ruddle TL, Barnhart MD, Klocke NW, et al: Outcome and prognostic factors in non-ambulatory Hansen type I intervertebral disc extrusions: 308 cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 19:29, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
187. Salisbury SK, Cook JR: Recovery of neurologic function following focal myelomalacia in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:227, 1988.
188. Sanders SG, Bagle RS: Cerebellar diseases and tremor syndromes In Dewey C, editor: A practical guide to canine and feline neurology, Ames, IA, 2008, Wiley-Blackwell, p 287.
189. Schmidt MJ, Schachenmayr W, Thiel C, et al: Recurrent spinal arachnoid cyst in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 9:509, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
190. Schulman A, Lippincott CL: Dorsolateral hemilaminectomy in the treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in dogs. Compend Contin Educ 9:305, 1987.
191. Schwartz M, Boettcher I, Kramer S, et al: Two dogs with iatrogenic discospondylitis caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Small Anim Pract 50:201, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
192. Scott HW, McKee WM: Laminectomy for 34 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease and loss of deep pain perception. J Small Anim Pract 40:417, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
193. Scrivani PV: Myelographic artifacts. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30:303, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
194. Seeman C: A lateral approach for thoracolumbar disc fenestration. Mod Vet Pract 49:134, 1968.
195. Seguin MA, Vaden SL, Altier C, et al: Persistent urinary tract infections and reinfections in 100 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 17:622, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
196. Seim HB: Surgery of the thoracolumbar spine. In Fossum T, editor: Small animal surgery, St Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 1269.
197. Selcer EA, Helman RG: Dermoid sinus in a Shih Tzu and a Boxer. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:634, 1984.
198. Sether LA, Nguyen C, Yu SN, et al: Canine intervertebral discs: correlation of anatomy and MR imaging. Radiology 175:207, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
199. Shamir MH, Lichovsky D, Aizenberg I, et al: Partial surgical removal of an intramedullary epidermoid from the spinal cord of a dog. J Small Anim Pract 40:439, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
200. Sharp NJH, Wheeler SJ. Functional anatomy: small animal spinal disorders, Edinburgh, 2005, Elsevier.
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205. Sicard JA, Forestier J, Laplane L: Radiodiagnostic lipiodole au cours des compressions rachidiennes. Rev Neurol 6:676, 1923.
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207. Skeen TM, Olby NJ, Munana KR, et al: Spinal arachnoid cysts in 17 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:271, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
208. Smithells RW, Nevin NC, Seller MJ, et al: Further experience of vitamin supplementation for prevention of neural tube defect recurrences. Lancet 7:1027, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
209. Sparkes AH, Skerry TM: Successful management of a prolapsed intervertebral disc in a Siamese cat. Feline Pract 18:7, 1990.
210. Steinberg T, Matiasek K, Bruhschwein A, et al: Imaging diagnosis: intracranial epidermoid cyst in a Doberman Pinscher. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:250, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
211. Stiffler K, McCrackin Stevenson MA, Sanchez S, et al: Prevalence and characterization of urinary tract infections in dogs with surgically treated type I thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Vet Surg 35:330, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
212. Sukhiani HR, Parent JM, Atilola MAO, et al: Intervertebral disc disease in dogs with signs of back pain alone: 25 cases (1986–1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1275, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
213. Summers BA, Cummings JF, deLahunta A: Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby.
214. Summers BA: Malformations of the central nervous system. In Summers BA, editor: Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby, pp 68.
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216. Swaim S: Bilateral hemilaminectomy: a technique for extensive spinal decompression. Auburn Vet 62, Winter, 1976.
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218. Takahashi T, Nakayama M, Chimura S, et al: Treatment of canine intervertebral disc displacement with chondroitinase ABC. Spine 22:1435, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
219. Tartarelli C, Baroni M, Borghi M: Thoracolumbar disc extrusion associated with extensive epidural haemorrhage: a retrospective study of 23 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 46:485, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
220. Thomson CE, Kornegay JN, Stevens JB: Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebellomedullary and lumbar cisterns of dogs with focal neurologic disease: 145 cases (1985–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1841, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
221. Thomson CE, Kornegay JN, Stevens JB: Canine intervertebral disc disease: changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Small Anim Pract 30:685, 1989.
222. Tomlinson J, Higgins RJ, LeCouteur RA, et al: Intraspinal epidermoid cyst in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1435, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
223. Toombs JP, Caywood DD, Lipowitz AJ, et al: Colonic perforation following neurosurgical procedures and corticosteroid therapy in four dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 177:68, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
224. Trevor PB, Martin RA, Saunders GK, et al: Healing characteristics of free and pedicle fat grafts after dorsal laminectomy and durotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 20:282, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
225. Turrel JM, Pool RR: Primary bone tumors in the cat: a retrospective study of 15 cats and a literature review. Vet Radiol 23:152, 1982.
226. Vandevelde M, Braund KG: Polioencephalomyelitis in cats. Vet Pathol 16:420, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
227. Wicklund CL, Pauli RM, Johnston D, et al: Natural history study of hereditary multiple exostoses. Am J Med Genet 55:43, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
228. Widmer WR, DeNicola DB, Blevins DB, et al: Cerebrospinal fluid changes after iopamidol and metrizamide myelography in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:396, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
229. Wilcox KR: Conservative treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 147:1458, 1968.
230. Windsor RC, Vernau KM, Sturges BK, et al: Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in dogs with type I intervertebral disc herniation. J Vet Intern Med 22:954, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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232. Yovich JC, Read R, Eger C: Modified lateral spinal decompression in 61 dogs with thoracolumbar disc protrusion. J Small Anim Pract 35:351, 1994.
233. Yturraspe DJ, Lumb WV: A dorsolateral muscle-separating approach for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc fenestration in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 162:1037, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 33: Lumbosacral Spine
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31. Kobayashi S, Yoshizawa H, Yamada S: Pathology of lumbar nerve root compression, part 2: morphological and immunohistochemical changes of dorsal root ganglion. J Orthop Res 22:180, 2004b.PUBMED Abstract
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35. Mattoon J, Koblick P: Quantitative survey radiographic evaluation of the lumbosacral spine of normal dogs and dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34:194, 1993.
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38. Morgan J: Transitional lumbosacral vertebral anomaly in the dog: a radiographic study. J Small Anim Pract 40:167, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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40. Ness MG: Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in the dog: a review of 30 cases. J Small Anim Pract 35:185, 1994.
41. Oliver J: Cauda equine compression from lumbosacral malarticulation and malformation in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 173:207, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
42. Ramirez O, Thrall D: A review of imaging techniques for cauda equine syndrome. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:283, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
43. Rothman S, Huang Z, Lee K: Cytokine mRNA expression in painful radiculopathy. J Pain 10:90, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
44. Rydevik B, Brown M, Lundborg G: Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve root compression. Spine 9:7, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
45. Schmid V, Lang J: Measurements of the lumbosacral junction in normal dogs and those with cauda equina compression. J Small Anim Pract 34:437, 1993.
46. Selcer B, Chambers J, Schwensen K: Epidurography as a diagnostic aid in canine lumbosacral compressive disease: 47 cases (1981–1986). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2:97, 1988.
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48. Sisson A, Leouteur R, Ingram J: Diagnosis of cauda equine abnormalities by using electromyography, discography, and epidurography in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 6:253, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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53. Wood BC, Lanz OI, Jones JC, et al: Endoscopic-assisted lumbosacral foraminotomy in the dog. Vet Surg 33:221, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 34: Spinal Fractures and Luxations
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52. Hugenholtz H, Cass DE, Dvorak MF, et al: High-dose methylprednisolone for acute closed spinal cord injury: only a treatment option. Can J Neurol Sci 29:227, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
53. Hurlbert RJ: Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 31:S16, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
54. Hyers TM, Tricomi SM, Liao JJ: Inhibition of some human neutrophil functions by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac tromethamine. J Leukoc Biol 51:490, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
55. Ito D, Matsunaga S, Jeffery ND, et al: Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with paraplegia caused by thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion: 77 cases (2000–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:1454, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
56. Janssens LAA: Acupuncture for the treatment of thoracolumbar and cervical disc disease in the dog. Probl Vet Med 4:107, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, et al: Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: is it safe? Spine 29:333, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
58. Kinns J, Mai W, Seiler G, et al: Radiographic sensitivity and negative predictive value for acute canine spinal trauma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:563, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
59. Koehler CL, Stover SM, LeCouteur RA, et al: Effect of a ventral slot procedure and of smooth or positive-profile threaded pins with polymethylmethacrylate fixation on intervertebral biomechanics at treated and adjacent canine cervical vertebral motion units. Am J Vet Res 66:678, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
60. Kraus KH: The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and its clinical implications. Semin Vet Med Surg 11:201, 1996.PUBMED Abstract
61. KuKanich B, Papich MG: Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and the metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 27:239, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
62. Lammertse D, Dungan D, Dreisbach J, et al: Neuroimaging in traumatic spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research. J Spinal Cord Med 30:205, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
63. Lanz OI, Jones JC, Bergman R: Use of an external skeletal fixator to correct spinal fracture/luxation and instability in three dogs. Vet Neurol NeuroSurg (serial online) 2:1, 2000. Available at: . Accessed October 24, 2009.
64. Levine JM, Fosgate GT, Chen AV, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with neurologic impairment due to acute thoracic and lumbar intervertebral disk herniation. J Vet Intern Med 23:1220, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
65. Levine JM, Levine GJ, Boozer L: Adverse effects and outcome associated with dexamethasone administration in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation: 161 cases (2000–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:411, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
66. Ludders JW, Ekstrom PM, Linn KA: Anesthesia case of the month: complications during surgery for a spinal fracture in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:612, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
67. Matthiesen DT: Thoracolumbar spinal fractures/luxations: surgical management. Compend Contin Educ Small Anim Pract 5:867, 1983.
68. McAnulty JF, Lenehan TM, Maletz LM: Modified segmental spinal instrumentation in repair of spinal fractures and luxations in dogs. Vet Surg 15:143, 1986.
69. McKee WM: Spinal trauma in dogs and cats: a review of 51 cases. Vet Rec 126:285, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
70. McKee WM, Downes CJ: Vertebral stabilisation and selective decompression for the management of triple thoracolumbar disc protrusions. J Small Anim Pract 49:536, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
71. McKee WM: SOP’s and spines. In Proceedings BVOA Spring Scientific Meeting, April 19, 2009, Austin Court, Birmingham, UK.
72. Méheust P, Mallet C, Marouze C: Une nouvelle technique de stabilisation lombosacreé: l’arthrodèse par vissage pédiculaire, considérations anatomiques. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 35:193, 2000.
73. Méheust P, Mallet C, Marouze C: Une nouvelle technique de stabilisation lombosacreé: l’arthrodèse par vissage pédiculaire, étude Clinique de 5 cas. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 35:201, 2000.
74. 73a. Neo M, Fujibayash S, Miyata M et al: Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations. Spine 33:779, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
74. Olby N: Current concepts in the management of acute spinal cord injury. J Vet Intern Med 13:399, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
75. Ozak A, Nisbet HO, Yardimci C: Stabilisation with dorsal and ventral fixation of a traumatic cervical instability in a dog. Aust Vet J 87:413, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
76. Patterson RH, Smith GK: Backsplinting for treatment of thoracic and lumbar fracture/luxation in the dog: principles of application and case series. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 5:179, 1992.
77. Rohrer CR, Hill RC, Fischer A, et al: Gastric hemorrhage in dogs given high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Am J Vet Res 60:977, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
78. Rowland JW, Hawryluk GWJ, Kwon B, et al: Current status of acute spinal cord injury pathophysiology and emerging therapies: promise on the horizon. Neurosurg Foc 25:1, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
79. Rusbridge C, Wheeler SJ, Lamb CR, et al: Vertebral plasma cell tumors in 8 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 13:126, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
80. Sayer FT, Kronvall E, Nilsson OG: Methylprednisolone treatment in acute spinal cord injury: the myth challenged through a structured analysis of published literature. Spine J 6:335, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
81. Schulz KS, Waldron DR, Grant JW, et al: Biomechanics of the thoracolumbar vertebral column of dogs during lateral bending. Am J Vet Res 57:1228, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
82. Scott HW, McKee WM: Laminectomy for 34 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease and loss of deep pain perception. J Small Anim Pract 40:417, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
83. Seim HB: Neurosurgery. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, pp 1357.
84. Selcer RR, Bubb WJ, Walker TL: Management of vertebral column fractures in dogs and cats: 211 cases (1977–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1965, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
85. Sharp NJH, Gilson SD, Kornega JN, et al: Long term follow-up of spinal fracture fixation using screws or pins and bone cement in 30 dogs. In Proceedings Veterinary Orthopedic Society, March 5–12, 2005, Snowmass, CO.
86. Sharp NJH, Wheeler SJ: Small animal spinal disorders, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Limited.
87. Shires PK, Waldron DR, Hedlund CS, et al: A biomechanical study of rotational instability in unaltered and surgically altered canine thoracolumbar vertebral motion units. Prog Vet Neurol 2:6, 1991.
88. Shores A: Spinal trauma: pathophysiology and management of traumatic spinal injuries. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:859, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
89. Shores A, Haut R, Bonner JA: An in-vitro study of plastic plates and Luque segmental fixation of the canine thoracic spine. Prog Vet Neurol 2:279, 1991.
90. Shores A, Nichols G, Rochat M, et al: Combined Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plate fixation technique for caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:335, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
91. Shores A, Nichols C, Koelling HA, et al: Combined Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plate fixation of caudal lumbar fractures in dogs: biomechanical properties. Am J Vet Res 49:1979, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
92. Simpson SA, Syring R, Otto CM: Severe blunt trauma in dogs: 235 cases (1997–2003). J Vet Emerg Crit Care 19:588, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
93. Slocum B, Rudy RL: Fractures of the seventh lumbar vertebra in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 11:167, 1975.
94. Smeak DD, Olmstead ML: Fracture/luxations of the sacrococcygeal area in the cat: a retrospective study of 51 cases. Vet Surg 14:319, 1985.
95. Smugar SS, Schweitzer ME, Hume E: MRI in patients with intraspinal bullets. J Magn Reson Imaging 9:151, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
96. Still J: Analgesic effects of acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 30:298, 1989.
97. Sturges BK, LeCouteur RA: Vertebral fractures and luxations. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Elsevier Science, pp 1244.
98. Swaim SF: Vertebral body plating for spinal immobilization. J Am Vet Med Assoc 158:1683, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
99. Swain CA, Ribble GA, Wilson JW: Histologic evaluation of response to implantation of polyvinilide plates in dogs and rats. Vet Surg 17:278, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
100. Taylor RA: Postsurgical physical therapy: the missing link. Compend Contin Educ Small Anim Pract 14:1583, 1992.
101. Toombs JP, Collins LG, Graves GM, et al: Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:145, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
102. Trotter EJ: Cervical spine locking plate fixation for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in large breed dogs. Vet Surg 38:705, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
103. Turner WD: Fractures and fracture-luxations of the lumbar spine: a retrospective study in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:459, 1987.
104. Ullman SL, Boudrieau RJ: Internal skeletal fixation using a Kirschner apparatus for stabilization of fracture/luxations of the lumbosacral joint in six dogs: a modification of the transilial pin technique. Vet Surg 22:11, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
105. Viguier E, Petit-Etienne G, Magnier J, et al: In vitro biomechanical evaluation of unstable T13-L1 stabilization procedures in dogs. In Proceedings of ECVS Eleventh Annual Meeting, July 2002, Vienna, Austria.
106. Voss K, Steffen F, Montavon PM: Use of the ComPact UniLock System for ventral stabilization procedures of the cervical spine. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 19:21, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
107. Voss K, Montavon PM: Tension band stabilization of fractures and luxations of the thoracolumbar vertebrae in dogs and cats: 38 cases (1993–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:78, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
108. Waldron DR, Shires PK, McCain W, et al: The rotational stabilizing effect of spinal fixation techniques in an unstable vertebral model. Prog Vet Neurol 2:105, 1991.
109. Walker TM, Tucker R, Welch RD, et al: Fluoroscopic placement of transfixation pins for the external skeletal fixation of the canine spine: an anatomic study. In Proceedings Veterinary Orthopedic Society, February 24-March 3, 2001, Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada.
110. Walter MC, Smith GK, Newton CD: Canine lumbar spinal internal fixation techniques: a comparative biomechanical study. Vet Surg 15:191, 1986.
111. Wang VY, Chin CT, Lu DC: Free-hand thoracic pedicle screws placed by neurosurgery residents: a CT analysis. Eur Spine J 19:821, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
112. Watine S, Cabassu JP, Catheland S, et al: Computed tomographic study of implantation corridors in canine vertebrae. J Small Anim Pract 47:651, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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116. Wininger DA, Fass RJ: Antibiotic-impregnated cement and beads for orthopedic infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:2675, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
117. Wong WT, Emms SG: Use of pins and methylmethacrylate in stabilization of spinal fractures and luxations. J Small Anim Pract 33:415, 1992.
118. Yarrow TG, Jeffery ND: Dura mater laceration associated with acute paraplegia in three dogs. Vet Rec 146:138, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
119. 118a. Young W, Yen V, Blight A: Extracellular calcium ion activity in experimental spinal cord contusion. Brain Res 235:105, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
119. Zindrick MR, Wiltse LL, Widel EH, et al: A biomechanical study of intrapeduncular screw fixation in the lumbosacral spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 203:99, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 35: Medical and Surgical Management of the Brain-Injured Pet
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18. Shafi S, Diaz-Arrastia R, Madden C, Gentilello L: Intracranial pressure monitoring in brain-injured patients is associated with worsening of survival. J Trauma 64:335, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
19. Sydenham E, Roberts I, Alderson P: Hypothermia for traumatic head injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD001048, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
20. Syring RS, Otto CM, Drobatz KJ: Hyperglycemia in dogs and cats with head trauma: 122 cases (1997-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1124, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
21. Tang ME, Lobel DA: Severe traumatic brain injury: maximizing outcomes. Mt Sinai J Med 76:119, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
22. The Brain Trauma Foundation: Guidelines information. Available at: . Accessed October 23, 2009.
23. Van Beek JGM, Mushkudiani NA, Steyerberg EW, et al: Prognostic value of admission laboratory parameters in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma 24:315, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 36: Intracranial Neoplasia
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10. Brearley MJ, Jeffery ND, Phillips SM, Dennis R: Hypofractionated radiation therapy of brain masses in dogs: a retrospective analysis of survival of 83 cases (1991-1996). J Vet Intern Med 13:408, 1999.PUBMED Abstract
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17. Dimski DS, Cook JR: Carmustine-induced partial remission of an astrocytoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:179, 1990.
18. Fan TM, Kitchell BE: Lomustine. Compend Contin Educ Vet 22:934, 2000.
19. Forterre F, Tomek A, Konar M, et al: Multiple meningiomas: clinical, radiological, surgical, and pathological findings with outcome in four cats. J Feline Med Surg 9:36, 2007.PUBMED Abstract
20. Forterre FG, Fritsch S, Kaiser K, et al: Surgical approach for tentorial meningiomas in cats: a review of six cases. J Feline Med Surg 8:227, 2006.
21. Fransson BA, Bagley RS, Gay JM, et al; Pneumonia after intracranial surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 30:432, 2004.
22. Fulton L: The use of lomustine in the treatment of brain masses, Proceedings 9th ACVIM Forum, Blacksburg, VA, 1991, ACVIM, p 827.
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23. Gallagher JG, Berg J, Knowles KE, et al: Prognosis after surgical excision of cerebral meningiomas in cats: 17 cases (1986-1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:1437, 1993.PUBMED Abstract
24. Glass EN, Kapatkin A, Vite C, et al: Modified bilateral transfrontal sinus approach to the canine frontal lobe and olfactory lobe: surgical technique and five cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:43, 2000.PUBMED Abstract
25. Graham JP, Newell SM, Voges AK, et al: The dural tail sign in the diagnosis of meningiomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:297, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
26. Greco JJ, Aiken SA, Berg JM, et al: Evaluation of intracranial meningioma resection with a surgical aspirator in dogs: 17 cases (1996-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:394, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
26a. Hanson JM, van ‘t HM, Voorhout G, et al. Efficacy of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in treatment of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Intern Med;19:687, 2005.PUBMED Abstract
27. Heidner GL, Kornegay JN, Page RL, et al: Analysis of survival in a retrospective study of 86 dogs with brain tumors. J Vet Intern Med 5:219, 1991.PUBMED Abstract
28. Koblik PD, LeCouteur RA, Higgins RJ, et al: CT-guided brain biopsy using a modified Pelorus Mark III stereotactic system: experience with 50 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:434, 1999.PUBMED Abstract
29. Koestner A, Bilzer T, Fatzer R, et al: Histological classification of tumors of the nervous system of domestic animals, Washington, DC, 1999, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
29a. Kooistra HS, Voorhout G, Mol JA, et al. Correlation between impairment of glucocorticoid feedback and the size of the pituitary gland in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Endocrinol 152:387, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
30. Kornegay JN: Imaging brain neoplasms: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Med Report 2:372, 1990.
31. Kraft SL: Retrospective review of 50 canine intracranial tumors evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. J Vet Intern Med 11:218, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
32. LeCouteur RA: Tumors of the nervous system. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, Philadelphia, PA, 2001, Saunders, p 393.
32a. Lester NV, Hopkins AL, Bova FJ, et al. Radiosurgery using a stereotactic headframe system for irradiation of brain tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1562, 2001.PUBMED Abstract
33. Long SN, Platt SR, Nixon C, et al: Association between MIB-1 staining and malignancy in canine intracranial neoplasms. J Vet Intern Med 17:402, 2003.
34. Mariani CL, Clemmons RM, Wong MA, et al: Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of primary intracranial neoplasms in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 19:420, 2005.
35. Mason WP, Gentili F, Macdonald DR, et al: Stabilization of disease progression by hydroxyurea in patients with recurrent or unresectable meningioma. J Neurosurg 97:341, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
36. Mayer MN, Greco DS, LaRue SM: Outcomes of pituitary tumor irradiation in cats. J Vet Intern Med 20:1151, 2008.
37. McEntee MC: Veterinary radiation therapy: review and current state of the art. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:94, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
38. Meij BP, Voorhout G, van den Ingh TS, et al: Results of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in 52 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Surg 27: 246, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
39. Mellema LM, Samii VF, Vernau KM, LeCouteur RA: Meningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in 15 dogs and 3 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:10, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
40. Moore MP, Gavin PR, Bagley RS: Treatment of intracranial tumors: a review of conventional therapy and use of BNCT. Vet Cancer Soc 16:26, 1996.
41. Nafe LA: Meningiomas in cats: a retrospective clinical study of 36 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1224, 1979.PUBMED Abstract
42. Neibauer GW, Dayrell-Hart BL, Speciale J: Evaluation of craniotomy in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:89, 1991.PUBMED Abstract
43. Newton HB, Slivka MA, Stevens C: Hydroxyurea chemotherapy for unresectable or residual meningioma. J Neurooncol 49:165, 2000.PUBMED Abstract
44. Pascoe P: Anesthetic management of canine and feline patients undergoing craniotomy. Proceedings 23rd ACVIM Forum, Baltimore, 2005, ACVIM, p 361.
45. Patnaik AK, Kay WJ, Hurvitz AI: Intracranial meningioma: a comparative pathologic study of 28 dogs. Vet Pathol 23:369, 1986.PUBMED Abstract
46. Platt SR, Scase TJ, Adams V, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in canine intracranial meningiomas and association with patient survival. J Vet Intern Med 20:663, 2004.
47. Rodenas S, Pumarola M, Zamora A, et al: MRI and CSF findings in 30 dogs with histopathologically confirmed intracranial tumors. J Vet Intern Med 21:641, 2007.
48. Schulman FY, Ribas JL, Carpenter JL, et al: Intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in three dogs Vet Pathol 29:196, 1992.PUBMED Abstract
49. Snyder JM, Shofer FS, Van Winkle TJ, Massicotte C: Canine intracranial primary neoplasia: 173 cases (1986-2003). J Vet Intern Med 20:669, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
50. Summers BA, Cummings JF, deLahunta A: Tumors of the central nervous system. In Summers BA, Cummings J, de Lahunta A, editors: Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby, pp 68.
51. Synder JM, Lipitz L, Skorupski KA, et al: Secondary intracranial neoplasia in the dog: 177 cases (1986-2003). J Vet Intern Med 22:172, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
52. Thankey K, Faissler D, Kavirayani A, et al: Clinical presentation and outcome in dogs with histologically confirmed choroid plexus papillomas. J Vet Intern Med 20:782, 2006.
53. Theon AP, Lecouteur RA, Carr EA, Griffey SM: Influence of tumor cell proliferation and sex hormone receptors on effectiveness of radiation therapy for dogs with incompletely resected meningiomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:701, 2000.PUBMED Abstract
54. Theon AP, Feldman EC: Megavoltage irradiation of pituitary macrotumors in dogs with neurologic signs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:225, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
55. Tomek A, Cizinauskas S, Doherr M, et al: Intracranial neoplasia in 61 cats: localisation, tumour types and seizure patterns. J Feline Med Surg 8:243, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
56. Troxel MT, Vite CH, Massicotte C, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging features of feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective analysis of 46 cases. J Vet Intern Med 18:176, 2004.PUBMED Abstract
57. Troxel MT, Vite CH, vanWinkle TJ, et al: Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001). J Vet Intern Med 17:850, 2003.PUBMED Abstract
58. Westworth DR, Dickinson PJ, Sturges BK, et al: Clinicopathological features of choroid plexus tumors in dogs: 44 cases. J Vet Intern Med 20:735, 2006.
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Chapter 37: Congenital Brain Malformations
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5. Cerda-Gonzalez S, Olby NJ, McCullough S, et al: Morphology of the caudal fossa in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:37, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
6. Cincu R, Agrawal A, Eiras J: Intracranial arachnoid cysts: current concepts and treatment alternatives. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 109:837, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
7. Ciricillo SF, Cogen PH, Harsh GT, et al: Intracranial arachnoid cysts in children: a comparison of the effects of fenestration and shunting. J Neurosurg 74:230, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
8. Coates JR, Axlund TW, Dewey CW, et al: Hydrocephalus in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 28:136, 2006.
9. Couturier J, Rault D, Cauzinille L: Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in normal Cavalier King Charles spaniels: a multiple diagnostic imaging approach. J Small Anim Pract 49:438, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
10. Dewey CW, Bailey KS, Barone G, et al: Brain stem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with caudal occipital malformation syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 20:784, 2006. Abstract.
11. Dewey CW, Berg JM, Barone G, et al: Foramen magnum decompression for treatment of caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:1270, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
12. Dewey CW, Berg JM, Stefanacci JD, et al: Caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:886, 2004.
13. Dewey CW, Cerda-Gonzalez S, Scrivani P, et al: Surgical stabilization of a craniocervical junction abnormality with atlanto-occipital overlapping in a dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet (online) E1, 2009.
14. Dewey CW, Coates JR, Ducote JM, et al: External hydrocephalus in two cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:567, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
15. Dewey CW, Krotscheck U, Bailey KS, et al: Craniotomy with cystoperitoneal shunting for treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts in dogs. Vet Surg 36:416, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
16. Dewey CW, Marino DJ, Bailey KS, et al: Foramen magnum decompression with cranioplasty for treatment of caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs. Vet Surg 36:405, 2007.PUBMED Abstract
17. Dewey CW, Scrivani PV, Krotscheck U, et al: Intracranial arachnoid cysts in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:160, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
18. Dewey CW: Anticonvulsant therapy in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 36:1107, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
19. Dewey CW: Encephalopathies: disorders of the brain. In Dewey CW, editor: A practical guide to canine and feline neurology, ed 2, Ames, IA, 2008, Wiley-Blackwell, p 115.
20. Duque C, Parent J, Brisson B, et al: Intracranial arachnoid cysts: are they clinically significant? J Vet Intern Med 19:772, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
21. Goel A, Bhatjiwale M, Desai K: Basilar invagination: a study based on 190 surgically treated patients. J Neurosurg 88:962, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
22. Greitz D: Radiological assessment of hydrocephalus: new theories and implications for therapy. Neurosurg Rev 27:145, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
23. Havig ME, Cornell KK, Hawthorne JC, et al: Evaluation of nonsurgical treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation in dogs: 19 cases (1992–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:257, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
24. Kitagawa M, Kanayama K, Sakai T: Quadrigeminal cisterna arachnoid cyst diagnosed by MRI in five dogs. Aust Vet J 81:340, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
25. Lowrie M, Wessmann A, Gunn-Moore D, et al: Quadrigeminal cyst management by cystoperitoneal shunt in a 4-year-old Persian cat. J Feline Med Surg 11:711, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
26. Matiasek LA, Platt SR, Shaw S, et al: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of quadrigeminal cysts in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 21:1021, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
27. McCarthy RJ, Lewis DD, Hosgood G: Atlantoaxial subluxation in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 17:215, 1995.
28. Milner RJ, Engela J, Kirberger RM: Arachnoid cyst in cerebellar pontine area of a cat—diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:34, 1996.
29. Nagae H, Oomura T, Kato Y, et al: A disorder resembling arachnoid cyst in a dog. J Jpn Vet Neurol 2:9, 1995.
30. Orima H, Fujita M, Hara Y, et al: A case of the dog with arachnoid cyst. Jpn J Vet Imag 10:49, 1998.
31. Pearce JM: Platybasia and basilar invagination. Eur Neurol 58:62, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
32. Platt SR, Chambers JN, Cross A: A modified ventral fixation for surgical management of atlantoaxial subluxation in 19 dogs. Vet Surg 33:349, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
33. Platt SR: What is your diagnosis? J Small Anim Pract 43:469, 2002.
34. Rengachary SS, Watanabe I: Ultrastructure and pathogenesis of intracranial arachnoid cysts. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 40:61, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
35. Rusbridge C, Carruthers H, Dube MP, et al: Syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels: the relationship between syrinx dimensions and pain. J Small Anim Pract 48:432, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
36. Rusbridge C, Dewey CW: Treatment of canine Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia. In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC, editors: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIV, Philadelphia, 2009, Saunders, p 1102.
37. Rusbridge C, Greitz D, Iskandar BJ: Syringomyelia: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Vet Intern Med 20:469, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Rusbridge C, Jeffery ND: Pathophysiology and treatment of neuropathic pain associated with syringomyelia. Vet J 175:164, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
39. Rusbridge C, MacSweeny JE, Davies JV, et al: Syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:34, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
40. Rusbridge C: Chiari-like malformation with syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: long term follow up after surgical management. Vet Surg 36:396, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
41. Saito M, Olby NJ, Spaulding K: Identification of arachnoid cysts in the quadrigeminal cistern using ultrasonography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:435, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
42. Salazar V, Dewey CW, Schwark W, et al: Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral pregabalin administration in normal dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 36:574, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
43. Sanders SG, Bagley RS, Silver GM, et al: Outcomes and complications associated with ventral screws, pins, and polymethylmethacrylate for the management of atlantoaxial instability in 12 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:204, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
44. Santamarta D, Aguas J, Ferrer E: The natural history of arachnoid cysts: endoscopic and cine-mode MRI evidence of a slit-valve mechanism. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 38:133, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
45. Schulz KS, Waldron DR, Fahie M: Application of ventral pins and polymethylmethacrylate for the treatment of atlantoaxial instability: results in nine dogs. Vet Surg 26:317, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
46. Stern-Bertholtz W, Sjostrom L, Hakanson NW: Primary secretory otitis media in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a review of 61 cases. J Small Anim Pract 44: 253, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
47. Thomas WB, Sorjonen DC, Simpson ST: Surgical management of atlantoaxial subluxation in 23 dogs. Vet Surg 20:409, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
48. Thomas WB: Hydrocephalus in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 40:143, 2010.PUBMED Abstract
49. Vernau KM, Kortz GD, Koblik PD, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography characteristics of intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts in 6 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 28:171, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
50. Vernau KM, LeCouteur RA, Sturges BK, et al: Intracranial intra-arachnoid cyst with intracystic hemorrhage in two dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:449, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
51. Williams B: Surgery for hindbrain related syringomyelia. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 20:107, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
52. Yassari R, Frim D: Evaluation and management of the Chiari malformation type 1 for the primary care pediatrician. Pediatr Clin North Am 51:1, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 38: Anesthesia for Intracranial Surgery
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24. Hoffman WE, Charbel FT, Edelman G, et al: Comparison of the effect of etomidate and desflurane on brain tissue gases and pH during prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion. Anesthesiology 88:1188, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
25. Holmstrom A, Akeson J: Desflurane increases intracranial pressure more and sevoflurane less than isoflurane in pigs subjected to intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 16:136, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
26. Jolkkonen J, Puurunen K, Koistinaho J, et al: Neuroprotection by the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine, in rat focal cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 372:31, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
27. Kabbaj M, Vachon P, Varin F: Impact of peripheral elimination on the concentration-effect relationship of remifentanil in anaesthetized dogs. Br J Anaesth 94:357, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
28. Khan ZP, Ferguson CN, Jones RM: Alpha-2 and imidazoline receptor agonists: their pharmacology and therapeutic role. Anaesthesia 54:146–165, 1999.PUBMED Abstract
29. Knoll T, Wimmer ML, Gumpinger F, Haberl RL: The low normothermia concept—maintaining a core body temperature between 36 and 37 degrees C in acute stroke unit patients. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 14:304, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
30. Koch KA, Jackson DL, Schmiedl M, et al: Effect of thiopental therapy on cerebral blood flow after total cerebral ischemia. Crit Care Med 12:90, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
31. Lenhardt R, Orhan-Sungur M, Komatsu R, et al: Suppression of shivering during hypothermia using a novel drug combination in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 111:110, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
32. Lin GY, Robben JH, Murrell JC, et al: Dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion for 24 hours during and after propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 35:141, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
33. Ma D, Hossain M, Rajakumaraswamy N, et al: Dexmedetomidine produces its neuroprotective effect via the alpha 2A-adrenoceptor subtype. Eur J Pharmacol 502:87, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
34. Maksimow A, Kaisti K, Aalto S, et al: Correlation of EEG spectral entropy with regional cerebral blood flow during sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 60:862, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
35. Marcus ML, Heistad DD: Effects of sympathetic nerves on cerebral blood flow in awake dogs. Am J Physiol 236:H549, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
36. Marion DW, Puccio A, Wisniewski SR, et al: Effect of hyperventilation on extracellular concentrations of glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, and local cerebral blood flow in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 30:2619, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
37. Mazzoni P, Giffin JP, Cottrell JE, et al: Intracranial pressure during diltiazem-induced hypotension in anesthetized dogs. Anesth Analg 64:1001, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
38. McCulloch TJ, Boesel TW, Lam AM: The effect of hypocapnia on the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow during administration of isoflurane. Anesth Analg 100:1463, 2005, table of contents.PUBMED Abstract
39. McPherson RW, Koehler RC, Kirsch JR, Traystman RJ: Intraventricular dexmedetomidine decreases cerebral blood flow during normoxia and hypoxia in dogs. Anesth Analg 84:139, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
40. McPherson RW, Krempasanka E, Eimerl D, Traystman RJ: Effects of alfentanil on cerebral vascular reactivity in dogs. Br J Anaesth 57:1232, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
41. McPherson RW, Traystman RJ: Fentanyl and cerebral vascular responsivity in dogs. Anesthesiology 60:180, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
42. Mitchell SJ, Merry AF, Frampton C, et al: Cerebral protection by lidocaine during cardiac operations: a follow-up study. Ann Thorac Surg 87:820, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
43. Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, Ward JD, et al: Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury: a randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 75:731, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
44. Murrell JC, van Notten RW, Hellebrekers LJ: Clinical investigation of remifentanil and propofol for the total intravenous anaesthesia of dogs. Vet Rec 156:804, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
45. Musk GC, Flaherty DA: Target-controlled infusion of propofol combined with variable rate infusion of remifentanil for anaesthesia of a dog with patent ductus arteriosus. Vet Anaesth Analg 34:359, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
46. Nichols JS, Beel JA, Munro LG: Detection of impaired cerebral autoregulation using spectral analysis of intracranial pressure waves. J Neurotrauma 13:439, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
47. Nussmeier NA, Arlund C, Slogoff S: Neuropsychiatric complications after cardiopulmonary bypass: cerebral protection by a barbiturate. Anesthesiology 64:165, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
48. Pascoe PJ, Raekallio M, Kuusela E, et al: Changes in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane and some cardiopulmonary measurements during three continuous infusion rates of dexmedetomidine in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 33:97, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
49. Patel P: An update on neuroanesthesia for the occasional neuroanesthesiologist. Can J Anaesth 52(Suppl 1):R36, 2005.
50. Petersen KD, Landsfeldt U, Cold GE, et al: ICP is lower during propofol anaesthesia compared to isoflurane and sevoflurane. Acta Neurochir 81 (Suppl):89, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
51. Petersen KD, Landsfeldt U, Cold GE, et al: Intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamic in patients with cerebral tumors: a randomized prospective study of patients subjected to craniotomy in propofol-fentanyl, isoflurane-fentanyl, or sevoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology 98:329, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
52. Platt SR, Adams V, Garosi LS, et al: Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. Vet Rec 159:881, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
53. Ploppa A, Kiefer RT, Nohe B, et al: Dose-dependent influence of barbiturates but not of propofol on human leukocyte phagocytosis of viable Staphylococcus aureus. Crit Care Med 34:478, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
54. Raisis AL, Leece EA, Platt SR, et al: Evaluation of an anaesthetic technique used in dogs undergoing craniectomy for tumour resection. Vet Anaesth Analg 34:171, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
55. Rasmussen M, Bundgaard H, Cold GE: Craniotomy for supratentorial brain tumors: risk factors for brain swelling after opening the dura mater. J Neurosurg 101:621, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
56. Rozet I, Vavilala MS, Lindley AM, et al: Cerebral autoregulation and CO2 reactivity in anterior and posterior cerebral circulation during sevoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 102:560, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
57. Salazar V, Dewey CW, Schwark W, et al: Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral pregabalin administration in normal dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 36:574, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
58. Schmidt A, Oye I, Akeson J: Cerebral physiological responses to bolus injection of racemic, S(+)- or R(-)-ketamine in the pig. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 49:1436, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
59. Schmidt A, Oye I, Akeson J: Racemic, S(+)- and R(-)-ketamine do not increase elevated intracranial pressure. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 52:1124, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
60. Sneyd JR, Andrews CJ, Tsubokawa T: Comparison of propofol/remifentanil and sevoflurane/remifentanil for maintenance of anaesthesia for elective intracranial surgery. Br J Anaesth 94:778, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
61. Snyder BD, Ramirez-Lassepas M, Sukhum P, et al: Failure of thiopental to modify global anoxic injury. Stroke 10:135, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
62. Steen PA, Newberg L, Milde JH, Michenfelder JD: Hypothermia and barbiturates: individual and combined effects on canine cerebral oxygen consumption. Anesthesiology 58:527, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
63. Stilling M, Karatasi E, Rasmussen M, et al: Subdural intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and degree of cerebral swelling in supra- and infratentorial space-occupying lesions in children. Acta Neurochir Suppl 95:133, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
64. Syring RS, Otto CM, Drobatz KJ: Hyperglycemia in dogs and cats with head trauma: 122 cases (1997–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1124, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
65. Takahashi H, Murata K, Ikeda K: Sevoflurane does not increase intracranial pressure in hyperventilated dogs. Br J Anaesth 71:551, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
66. Tanskanen PE, Kytta JV, Randell TT, Aantaa RE: Dexmedetomidine as an anaesthetic adjuvant in patients undergoing intracranial tumour surgery: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study. Br J Anaesth 97:658, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
67. Tobias KM, Marioni-Henry K, Wagner R: A retrospective study on the use of acepromazine maleate in dogs with seizures. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:283, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
68. Todd MM, Hindman BJ, Clarke WR, Torner JC, Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial (IHAST) Investigators: Mild intraoperative hypothermia during surgery for intracranial aneurysm. N Engl J Med 352:135, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
69. Turgut N, Turkmen A, Gokkaya S, et al: Dexmedetomidine-based versus fentanyl-based total intravenous anesthesia for lumbar laminectomy. Minerva Anestesiol 74:469, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
70. Uilenreef JJ, Murrell JC, McKusick BC, Hellebrekers LJ: Dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in canine surgical patients. Vet Anaesth Analg 35:1, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
71. Visser K, Hassink EA, Bonsel GJ, et al: Randomized controlled trial of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane-nitrous oxide: postoperative nausea with vomiting and economic analysis. Anesthesiology 95:616, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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73. White H, Venkatesh B: Cerebral perfusion pressure in neurotrauma: a review. Anesth Analg 107:979, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 39: Spinal Neoplasia
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33. Dickinson PJ, McEntee MC, Lipsitz D, et al: Radiation induced vertebral osteosarcoma following treatment of an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:463, 2003.
34. Dimopoulou M, Kirpensteijn J, Moens H, et al: Histologic prognosticators in feline osteosarcoma: a comparison with phenotypically similar canine osteosarcoma. Vet Surg 37:466, 2003.
35. Doige CE: Chondrosarcoma arising in multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 14:605, 2003.
36. Doige CE: Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in dogs. Vet Pathol 24:276, 2003.
37. Doige CE: Multiple osteochondromas with evidence of malignant transformation in a cat. Vet Pathol 24:457, 2003.
38. Drost WT, Love NE, Berry CR: Comparison of radiography, myelography and computed tomography for the evaluation of canine vertebral and spinal cord tumors in sixteen dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:28, 2003.
39. Esik O, Csere T, Stefanits K, et al: A review on radiogenic Lhermitte’s sign. Pathol Oncol Res 9:115, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
40. Fan TM, de Lorimier LP, Garrett LD, et al: The bone biologic effects of zoledronate in healthy dogs and dogs with malignant osteolysis. J Vet Intern Med 22:380, 2003.
41. Fan TM, Lorimier LP, O’Dell-Anderson K, et al: Single-agent pamidronate for palliative therapy of canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain. J Vet Intern Med 21:431, 2003.
42. Fan TM, Lorimier LP, Charney SC, et al: Evaluation of intravenous pamidronate administration in 33 cancer-bearing dogs with primary or secondary bone involvement. J Vet Intern Med 19:74, 2003.
43. Farese JP, Ashton J, Milner R, et al: The effect of the bisphosphonate alendronate on viability of canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 40:113, 2003.
44. Ferretti A, Scanziani E, Colombo S: Surgical treatment of a spinal cord tumor resembling nephroblastoma in a young dog. Prog Vet Neurol 4:84, 2003.
45. Fingeroth JM, Prata RG, Patnaik AK: Spinal meningiomas in dogs: 13 cases (1972–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:720, 2003.
46. Frimberger AE, Moore AS, Schelling SH: Treatment of nephroblastoma in a juvenile dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:596, 2003.
47. Gasser AM, Bush WW, Smith S, et al: Extradural spinal, bone marrow, and renal nephroblastoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:80, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
48. Gee BR, Doige CE: Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a litter of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 156:53, 2003.
49. Gilmore DR: Neoplasia of the cervical spinal cord and vertebrae in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:1009, 2003.
50. Gilmore DR: Intraspinal tumors in the dog. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 5:55, 2003.
51. Goedegebuure SA: Secondary bone tumours in the dog. Vet Pathol 16:520, 2003.
52. Green EM, Adams WM, Steinberg H: Malignant transformation of solitary spinal osteochondroma in two mature dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:634, 2003.
53. Gutierrez AN, Deveau M, Forrest LJ, et al: Radiobiological and treatment planning study of a simultaneously integrated boost for canine nasal tumors using helical tomotherapy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:594, 2003.
54. Hall EJ, Giaccia AJ, editor: Clinical response of normal tissues. In Radiobiology for the radiologist, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2006, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p 327.
55. Halperin EC, Perez CA, Brady LW, editor: Late effects of cancer treatment on normal tissues. In Perez and Brady’s principles and practice of radiation oncology, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2008, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p 320.
56. Halperin EC, Perez CA, Brady LW, editor: The discipline of radiation oncology. In Perez and Brady’s principles and practice of radiation oncology, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2008, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p 2.
57. Hammer AS: Prognostic factors in dogs with osteosarcomas of the flat or irregular bones. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:321, 2003.
58. Hanna F: Multiple myelomas in cats. J Feline Med Surg 7:275, 2003.
59. Harcourt-Brown TR, Granger N, Smith PM, et al: Use of a lateral surgical approach to the femoral nerve in the management of two primary femoral nerve sheath tumours. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:229, 2003.
60. Harris D, King GK, Bergman PJ: Radiation therapy toxicities. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:37, 2003.
61. Heyman SJ, Diefenderfer DL, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Canine axial skeletal osteosarcoma: a retrospective study of 116 cases (1986 to 1989). Vet Surg 21:304, 2003.
62. Higgins MA, Rossmeisl JH, Jr, Saunders GK, et al: B-cell lymphoma in the peripheral nerves of a cat. Vet Pathol 45:54, 2003.
63. Irving G, McMillan MC: Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thoracolumbar spinal lesions in cats. Prog Vet Neurol 1:473, 2003.
64. Jacobson JO, Polovich M, McNiff KK, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology/Oncology Nursing Society chemotherapy administration safety standards. J Clin Oncol 27:5469, 2003.
65. Jeffery ND, Phillips SM: Surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasia in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 36:553, 2003.
66. Kenney PJ, Gilula LA, Murphy WA: The use of computed tomography to distinguish osteochondroma and chondrosarcoma. Radiology 139:129, 2003.
67. Kippenes H, Gavin PR, Parsaei H, et al: Spatial accuracy of fractionated IMRT delivery studies in canine paraspinal irradiation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:360, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
68. Kippenes H, Gavin PR, Bagley RS, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging features of tumors of the spine and spinal cord in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:627, 2003.
69. Kleihues P, Louis DN, Scheithauer BW, et al: The WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61:215; discussion 26, 2003.
70. Knecht CD, Greene JA: Surgical approach to the brachial plexus in small animals. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:592, 2003.
71. Kraft S, Ehrhart EJ, Gall D, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the canine brachial plexus in 18 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:1, 2003.
72. Kuntz CA, Dernell WS, Powers BE, et al: Prognostic factors for surgical treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs: 75 cases (1986–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1147, 2003.
73. Lamagna B, Lamagna F, Meomartino L, et al: Polyostotic lymphoma with vertebral involvement and spinal extradural compression in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:71, 2003.
74. Lane SB, Kornegay JN, Duncan JR, et al: Feline spinal lymphosarcoma: a retrospective evaluation of 23 cats. J Vet Intern Med 8:99, 2003.
75. Lattimer JC, Corwin LA, Jr, Stapleton J, et al: Clinical and clinicopathologic response of canine bone tumor patients to treatment with samarium-153-EDTMP. J Nucl Med 31:1316, 2003.
76. Lester NV, Hopkins AL, Bova FJ, et al: Radiosurgery using a stereotactic headframe system for irradiation of brain tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1562, 2003.
77. Levitski RE, Lipsitz D, Chauvet AE: Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine in 27 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:332, 2003.
78. Levy MS, Kapatkin AS, Patnaik AK, et al: Spinal tumors in 37 dogs: clinical outcome and long-term survival (1987–1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:307, 2003.
79. Levy MS, Mauldin G, Kapatkin AS, et al: Nonlymphoid vertebral canal tumors in cats: 11 cases (1987–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:663, 2003.
80. Liu S-K, Dorfman HD, Hurvitz AI, et al: Primary and secondary bone tumours in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 18:313, 2003.
81. Luginbuehl H: Comparative aspects of tumors of the nervous system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 108:702, 2003.
82. Luttgen PJ: Neoplasms of the spine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:973, 2003.
83. Luttgen PJ: Spinal neoplasia: diagnosis and treatment. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 5:246, 2003.
84. Luttgen PJ, Braund KG, Brawner WR, Jr, et al: A retrospective study of twenty-nine spinal tumours in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 21:213, 2003.
85. Macri NP, Van Alstine W, Coolman RA: Canine spinal nephroblastoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:302, 2003.
86. Marioni-Henry K, Van Winkle TJ, Smith SH, et al: Tumors affecting the spinal cord of cats: 85 cases (1980–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:237, 2003.
87. Marioni-Henry K, Vite CH, Newton AL, et al: Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats. J Vet Intern Med 18:851, 2003.
88. McCarthy RJ, Feeney DA, Lipowitz AJ: Preoperative diagnosis of tumors of the brachial plexus by use of computed tomography in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:291, 2003.
89. McConnell JF, Garosi LS, Dennis R, et al: Imaging of a spinal nephroblastoma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:537, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. McDonnell JJ, Tidwell AS, Faissler D, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging features of cervical spinal cord meningiomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:368, 2003.
91. McEntee MC: Veterinary radiation therapy: review and current state of the art. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:94, 2003.
92. McEntee MC, Page RL, Theon A, et al: Malignant tumor formation in dogs previously irradiated for acanthomatous epulis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:357, 2003.
93. Milner RJ, Farese J, Henry CJ, et al: Bisphosphonates and cancer. J Vet Intern Med 18:597, 2003.
94. Moissonnier P, Abbott DP: Canine neuroepithelioma: case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:397, 2003.
95. Moore GE, Mathey WS, Eggers JS, et al: Osteosarcoma in adjacent lumbar vertebrae in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1038, 2003.
96. Morgan JP, Ackerman N, Bailey CS, et al: Vertebral tumors in the dog: a clinical radiologic and pathologic study of 61 primary and secondary lesions. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 21:197, 2003.
97. Deleted in pages.
98. Nakade T, Inoue A, Shimazaki H, et al: Spinal nephroblastoma in a miniature dachshund. J Vet Med Sci 68:1383, 2003.
99. Neer TM, Kreeger JM: Cervical spinal cord astrocytoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:84, 2003.
100. Ness MG: Osteochondroma causing progressive posterior paresis in a Lakeland Terrier puppy. Vet Rec 132:608, 2003.
101. Niles JD, Dyce J, Mattoon JS: Computed tomography for the diagnosis of a lumbosacral nerve sheath tumour and management by hemipelvectomy. J Small Anim Pract 42:248, 2003.
102. Noonan M, Kline KL, Meleo K: Lymphoma of the central nervous system: a retrospective study of 18 cats. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet 19:497, 2003.
103. Northington JW: Metrizamide myelography in five dogs and two cats with suspected spinal cord neoplasms. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 21:149, 2003.
104. Northington JW, Juliana MM: Extradural lymphosarcoma in six cats. J Small Anim Pract 19:409, 2003.
105. Okada M, Kitagawa M, Shibuya H, et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from the spinal canal in a cat. J Vet Med Sci 69:683, 2003.
106. Okada S, Okeda R: Pathology of radiation myelopathy. Neuropathology 21:247, 2003.
107. Owen LN, Bostock DE: Multiple cartilaginous exostoses with development of a metastasizing osteosarcoma in a Shetland Sheepdog. J Small Anim Pract 12:507, 2003.
108. Parchman MB, Crameri FM: Primary vertebral hemangiosarcoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:79, 2003.
109. Pearson GR, Gregory SP, Charles AK: Immunohistochemical demonstration of Wilms tumour gene product WT1 in a canine “neuroepithelioma” providing evidence for its classification as an extrarenal nephroblastoma. J Comp Pathol 116:321, 2003.
110. Perazella MA, Markowitz GS: Bisphosphonate nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int 74:1385, 2003.
111. Petersen SA, Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, et al: Canine intraspinal meningiomas: imaging features, histopathologic classification, and long-term outcome in 34 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 22:946, 2003.
112. Platt SR, Scase TJ, Adams V, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in canine intracranial meningiomas and association with patient survival. J Vet Intern Med 20:663, 2003.
113. Platt SR, Graham J, Chrisman CL, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:367, 2003.
114. Poirier VJ, Huelsmeyer MK, Kurzman ID, et al: The bisphosphonates alendronate and zoledronate are inhibitors of canine and human osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 1:207, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
115. Poncelet L, Snaps F, Jacobovitz D, et al: Successful removal of an intramedullary spinal paraganglioma from a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:213, 2003.
116. Pool RR: Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a cat. Vet Pathol 9:350, 2003.
117. Pool RR: Feline osteochondromatosis. Feline Pract 5:24–28, 2003.
118. Powers BE, Beck ER, Gillette EL, et al: Pathology of radiation injury to the canine spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23:539, 2003.
119. Powers BE, Thames HD, Gillette SM, et al: Volume effects in the irradiated canine spinal cord: do they exist when the probability of injury is low? Radiother Oncol 46:297, 2003.
120. Prata RG: Diagnosis of spinal cord tumors in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:165, 2003.
121. Prata RG, Stoll SG, Zaki FA: Spinal cord compression caused by osteocartilaginous exostoses of the spine in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166:371, 2003.
122. Price GS, Page RL, Fischer BM, et al: Efficacy and toxicity of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide maintenance therapy in dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 5:259, 2003.
123. Reidarson TH, Metz AL, Hardy RM: Thoracic vertebral osteochondroma in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:1102, 2003.
124. Rose S, Long C, Knipe M, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of brachial plexus tumors in five dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:514, 2003.
125. Rosin A: Neurologic diseases associated with lymphosarcoma in ten dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:50, 2003.
126. Rossmeisl JH, Jr, Lanz OI, Waldron DR, et al: Surgical cytoreduction for the treatment of non-lymphoid vertebral and spinal cord neoplasms in cats: retrospective evaluation of 26 cases (1990–2005). Vet Comp Oncol 4:41, 2003.
127. Rossmeisl JH, Jr, Lanz OI, Waldron DR, et al: Surgical cytoreduction for the treatment of non-lymphoid vertebral and spinal cord neoplasms in cats: retrospective evaluation of 26 cases (1990–2005). Vet Comp Oncol 4:41, 2003.
128. Rudich SR, Feeney DA, Anderson KL, et al: Computed tomography of masses of the brachial plexus and contributing nerve roots in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:46, 2003.
129. Rusbridge C, Wheeler SJ, Lamb CR, et al: Vertebral plasma cell tumors in 8 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 13:126, 2003.
130. Sale CS, Skerritt GC, Smith KC: Spinal nephroblastoma in a crossbreed dog. J Small Anim Pract 45:267, 2003.
131. Santen DR, Payne JT, Pace LW, et al: Thoracolumbar vertebral osteochondroma in a young dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1054, 2003.
132. Schoniger S, Summers B: Localized, plexiform, diffuse and other variants of neurofibroma in twelve dogs, two horses and a chicken. Vet Pathol 46:904, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
133. Seaman RL, Patton CS: Treatment of renal nephroblastoma in an adult dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:76, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
134. Sharp NJ: Craniolateral approach to the canine brachial plexus. Vet Surg 17:18, 2003.
135. Siegel S, Kornegay JN, Thrall DE: Postoperative irradiation of spinal cord tumors in 9 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:150, 2003.
136. Silver GM, Bagley RS, Gavin PR, et al: Radiographic diagnosis: cartilaginous exostoses in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:231, 2003.
137. Spodnick GJ, Berg J, Moore FM, et al: Spinal lymphoma in cats: 21 cases (1976–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:373, 2003.
138. Stone HB, Coleman CN, Anscher MS, et al: Effects of radiation on normal tissue: consequences and mechanisms. Lancet Oncol 4:529, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
139. Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, Bollen AW, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and histological classification of intracranial meningiomas in 112 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 22:586, 2003.
140. Summers BA, deLahunta A, McEntee M, et al: A novel intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor in young dogs. Acta Neuropathol 75:402, 2003.
141. Summers BA, deLahunta A: Unusual intradural extramedullary spinal tumours in twelve dogs. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 45:322, 2003.
142. Summers B, de Lahunta A, Cummings JF: Diseases of the peripheral nervous system. In Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby, p 402.
143. Sumner JP, Simpson D: Surgical management of a recurrent spinal meningioma in a cat. Aust Vet J 85:276, 2003.
144. Suter PF, Morgan JP, Holliday TA, et al: Myelography in the dog: diagnosis of tumors of the spinal cord and vertebrae. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 12:29, 2003.
145. Tamke PG, Foley GL: Neuroepithelioma in a dog. Can Vet J 28:606, 2003.
146. Taylor SS, Goodfellow MR, Browne WJ, et al: Feline extranodal lymphoma: response to chemotherapy and survival in 110 cats. J Small Anim Pract 50:584, 2003.
147. Terrell SP, Platt SR, Chrisman CL, et al: Possible intraspinal metastasis of a canine spinal cord nephroblastoma. Vet Pathol 37:94, 2003.
148. Thamm DH, Vail DM: Aftershocks of cancer chemotherapy: managing adverse effects. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:1, 2003.
149. Theon AP, Lecouteur RA, Carr EA, et al: Influence of tumor cell proliferation and sex-hormone receptors on effectiveness of radiation therapy for dogs with incompletely resected meningiomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:701, 684, 2003.
150. Turner JL, Luttgen PJ, VanGundy TE, et al: Multicentric osseous lymphoma with spinal extradural involvement in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:196, 2003.
151. Ueno H, Morimoto M, Kobayashi Y, et al: Surgical and radiotherapy treatment of a spinal cord ependymoma in a dog. Aust Vet J 84:36, 2003.
152. Vail DM, Moore AS, Ogilvie GK, et al: Feline lymphoma (145 cases): proliferation indices, cluster of differentiation 3 immunoreactivity, and their association with prognosis in 90 cats. J Vet Intern Med 12:349, 2003.
153. Van Ham LM, van Bree HJ, Tshamala M, et al: Use of computed tomography and computed tomographic myelography for assessment of spinal tumoral calcinosis in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 36:115, 2003.
154. Van Winkle TJ, Steinberg HS, DeCarlo AJ, et al: Myxoid meningiomas of the rostral cervical spinal cord and caudal fossa in four dogs. Vet Pathol 31:468, 2003.
155. Vascellari M, Tasca S, Furlanello T, et al: Vertebral polyostotic lymphoma in a young dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 19:205, 2003.
156. Vaudaux C, Schneider U, Kaser-Hotz B: Potential for intensity-modulated radiation therapy to permit dose escalation for canine nasal cancer. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:475, 2003.
157. Waters DJ, Hayden DW: Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 4:207, 2003.
158. Westworth DR, Dickinson PJ, Vernau W, et al: Choroid plexus tumors in 56 dogs (1985–2007). J Vet Intern Med 22:1157, 2003.
159. Worthman RP: Demonstration of specific nerve paralyses in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 131:174, 2003.
160. Wright JA, Bell DA, Clayton-Jones DG: The clinical and radiological features associated with spinal tumours in thirty dogs. J Small Anim Pract 20:461, 2003.
161. Wright JA: The pathological features associated with spinal tumours in 29 dogs. J Comp Pathol 95:549, 2003.
162. Yeomans SM: Short paper—extensive spinal meningioma in a young dog. J Comp Pathol 122:303, 2003.
163. Yturraspe DJ, Lumb WV: Second lumbar spondylectomy and shortening of the spinal column of the dog. Am J Vet Res 34:521, 2003.
164. Zaki FA, Hurvitz AI: Spontaneous neoplasms of the central nervous system of the cat. J Small Anim Pract 17:773, 2003.
SECTION IV: Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 40: Tissues of the Musculoskeletal System
[pic]
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59. Peyton SR, Ghajar CM, Khatiwala CB, et al: The emergence of ECM mechanics and cytoskeletal tension as important regulators of cell function. Cell Biochem Biophys 47:300, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 41: Fracture Biology and Biomechanics
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31. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT: Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58:453, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN: Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma 24:742, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
33. Gustilo RB, Merkow RL, Templeman D: The management of open fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72:299, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
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38. Hertel R, Lambert SM, Muller S, et al: On the timing of soft-tissue reconstruction for open fractures of the lower leg. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 119:7, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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43. Johnson AL, Seitz SE, Smith CW, et al: Closed reduction and type-II external fixation of comminuted fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs: 23 cases (1990–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1445, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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46. Lenarz CJ, Watson JT, Moed BR, et al: Timing of wound closure in open fractures based on cultures obtained after debridement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:1921, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
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60. Patzakis MJ, Bains RS, Lee J, et al: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing single-agent antibiotic therapy, ciprofloxacin, to combination antibiotic therapy in open fracture wounds. J Orthop Trauma 14:529, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
61. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J: Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res 243:36, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
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64. Puerto DA, Aronson LR: Use of a semitendinosus myocutaneous flap for soft-tissue reconstruction of a grade IIIB open tibial fracture in a dog. Vet Surg 33:629, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
65. Richards RR, Mahoney JL, Minas T: Influence of soft tissue coverage on the healing of cortical defects in canine diaphyseal bone. Ann Plast Surg 16:296, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
66. Robinson D, On E, Hadas N, et al: Microbiologic flora contaminating open fractures: its significance in the choice of primary antibiotic agents and the likelihood of deep wound infection. J Orthop Trauma 3:283, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
67. Schandelmaier P, Krettek C, Rudolf J, et al: Outcome of tibial shaft fractures with severe soft tissue injury treated by unreamed nailing versus external fixation. J Trauma 39:707, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
68. Segal U, Shani J: Surgical management of large segmental femoral and radial bone defects in a dog: through use of a cylindrical titanium mesh cage and a cancellous bone graft. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 23:66, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
69. Skaggs DL, Friend L, Alman B, et al: The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:8, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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76. Tukiainen E, Asko-Seljavaara S: Use of the Ilizarov technique after a free microvascular muscle flap transplantation in massive trauma of the lower leg. Clin Orthop Relat Res 297:129, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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78. Walter MC, Lenehan TM, Smith GK, et al: Treatment of severely comminuted diaphyseal fractures in the dog, using standard bone plates and autogenous cancellous bone graft to span fracture gaps: 11 cases (1979–1983). J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:457, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 43: Internal Fracture Fixation
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186. Wagner M: General principles for the clinical use of the LCP. Injury 34(Suppl 2):B31, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
187. Wahnert D, Hoffmeier KL, von Oldenburg G, et al: Internal fixation of type-C distal femoral fractures in osteoporotic bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:1442, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
188. Walsh S, Reindl R, Harvey E, et al: Biomechanical comparison of a unique locking plate versus a standard plate for internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures in a cadaveric model. Clin Biomech 21:1027, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
189. Wang H, Tan M, Li Z, et al: [Femoral varus osteotomy combined with interlocking nailing for treatment of genu valgum]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 19:192, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
190. Weinstein DM, Bratton DR, Ciccone WJ, 2nd, et al: Locking plates improve torsional resistance in the stabilization of three-part proximal humeral fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 15:239, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
191. Weiss H, Schmit-Neuerburg KP: [Animal experiment trials with the interlocking nail in the treatment of transverse tibial fractures]. Hefte Unfallheilkd 161:11, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
192. Wenda K, Runkel M, Rudig L, et al: [The effect of bone marrow embolization on the choice of procedure in the stabilization of femoral fractures]. Orthopade 24:151, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
193. Whatling GM, Nokes LD: Literature review of current techniques for the insertion of distal screws into intramedullary locking nails. Injury 37:109, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
194. Wheeler JL, Stubbs WP, Lewis DD, et al: Intramedullary interlocking nail fixation in dogs and cats: biomechanics and instrumentation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:519, 2004.
195. Wheeler JL, Stubbs WP, Lewis DD, et al: Intramedullary interlocking nail fixation in dogs and cats: clinical applications. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:531, 2004.
196. Wilson JW: Vascular supply to normal bone and healing fractures. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 6:26, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
197. Winquist RA, Hansen ST, Jr, Clawson DK: Closed intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures: a report of five hundred and twenty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66:529, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
198. Wiss DA, Brien WW, Stetson WB: Interlocked nailing for treatment of segmental fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72:724, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
199. Withrow SJ: Use and misuse of full cerclage wires in fracture repair. Vet Clin North Am 8:201, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
200. Zlowodzki M, Williamson S, Zardiackas LD, et al: Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system and the 95-degree angled blade plate for the internal fixation of distal femur: fractures in human cadaveric bones with high bone mineral density. J Trauma 60:836, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 44: External Skeletal Fixation
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25. Cross AR, Aron DN, Budsberg SC, et al: Validation of a finite element model of the Kirschner-Ehmer external skeletal fixation system. Am J Vet Res 60:615, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
26. Davidson EB: Vascular injury and delayed hemorrhage after antebrachial external skeletal fixation in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 10:75, 1997.
27. Davidson JR, Bauer MS: Fractures of the mandible and maxilla. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:109, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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29. Dernell WS, Harari J, Blackletter DM: A comparison of acute pull-out strength between 2-way and one-way transfixation pin insertion for external skeletal fixation in canine bone. Vet Surg 22:110, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
30. Dudley M, Johnson AL, Olmstead M, et al: Open reduction and bone plate stabilization, compared with closed reduction and external fixation, for treatment of comminuted tibial fractures: 47 cases (1980-1995) in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1008, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
31. Egger EL, Powers BE, Blass C, Histand MB: Effect of fixation pin insertion on the bone-pin interface. Vet Surg 15:246, 1986.
32. Egger EL: Instrumentation for external fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:19, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
33. Egger EL: Static strength evaluation of six external skeletal fixation configurations. Vet Surg 12:130, 1983.
34. Egger EL, Konde LJ, Schwarz PD, et al: Canine osteotomy healing when stabilized with decreasingly rigid fixation compared to constantly rigid fixation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 6:182, 1993.
35. Egger EL: Complications of external fixation: a problem oriented approach. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 21:705, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
36. Ehrhart N: Longitudinal bone transport for treatment of primary bone tumors in dogs: technique and outcome in 9 dogs. Vet Surg 34:24, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
37. Farese JP, Lewis DD, Cross AR, et al: Use of IMEX SK-circular external fixator hybrid constructs for fracture stabilization in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:279, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
38. Fearnside SM, Eaton-Wells RD, Mitchell RAS: Management of comminuted supracondylar fractures of the humerus with closed reduction and a hybrid type I-II external fixator. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 15:233, 2002.
39. Fleming B, Paley D, Kristiansen T, Pope M: A biomechanical analysis of the Ilizarov external fixator. Clin Orthop Relat Res 241:95, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
40. Foland MA, Egger EA: Application of type-III external fixators: a review of 23 clinical fractures in 20 dogs and 2 cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:193, 1991.
41. Font J, Cairo J, Franch J: A review of 116 clinical cases treated with external fixators. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 10:173, 1997.
42. Forell EB, Schwarz PD: Use of external skeletal fixation for treatment of angular deformity secondary to premature distal ulnar physeal closure. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:470, 1993.
43. Fox DR, Tomlinson JL, Cook JL, Breshears LM: Principles of uniapical and biapical radial deformity correction using dome osteotomies and the center of rotation of angulation methodology in dogs. Vet Surg 35:67, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
44. Fox SM, Bray JC, Guerin SR, Burbridge HM: Antebrachial deformities in the dog: treatment with external fixation. J Small Anim Pract 36:315, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
45. Gilley RS, Beason DP, Snyder DM, et al: External fixator clamp reuse degrades clamp mechanical performance. Vet Surg 38:530, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
46. Greenwood KM, Creagh GB: Bi-phase external skeletal splint fixation of mandibular fractures in dogs. Vet Surg 9:128, 1980.
47. Guerin SR, Lewis DD, Lanz OI, Stalling JT: Comminuted supracondylar humeral fractures repaired with a type I external fixator construct. J Small Anim Pract 39:525, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
48. Hart MB, Wu JJ, Chao EY, Kelly PJ: External skeletal fixation of canine tibial osteotomies: compression compared with no compression. J Bone Joint Surg Am 67:598, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
49. Huber DJ, et al: A mechanical comparison of the fixation pin-connecting bar junction of Kirschner-Ehmer and acrylic external skeletal fixators. (abst) Vet Surg 27:509, 1998.
50. Jaeger GH, Wosar MA, Marcellin-Little DJ, Lascelles BD: Use of hinged transarticular external fixation for adjunctive joint stabilization in dogs and cats: 14 cases (1999-2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:586, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
51. Jehn CT, Lewis DD, Farese JP, et al: Transverse ulnar bone transport osteogenesis: a new technique for limb salvage for the treatment of distal radial osteosarcoma in dogs. Vet Surg 36:324, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
52. Johnson AL, Egger EL, Losonsky JM, Eurell JAC: Biomechanics and biology of fracture healing with external skeletal fixation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:487, 1998.
53. Johnson AL, Kneller SK, Weigel RM: Radial and tibial fracture repair with external skeletal fixation: effects of fracture type, reduction, and complications on healing. Vet Surg 18:367, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
54. Johnson AL, Seitz SE, Smith CW, et al: Closed reduction and type-II external fixation of comminuted fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs: 23 cases (1990-1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1445, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kirkby KA, Lewis DD, Lafuente MP, et al: Management of humeral and femoral fractures in dogs and cats with linear circular hybrid external skeletal fixators. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:180, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
56. Kraus KH, Wotton HM: Effect of clamp type on type II external fixator stiffness. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 12:178, 1999.
57. Kraus KH, Wotton HM: Mechanical comparison of two external fixator clamp designs. Vet Surg 27:224, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
58. Kraus KH, Wotton HM, Boudrieau RJ, et al: Type II external fixation, using new clamps and positive-profile threaded pins, for treatment of fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:1267, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
59. Langley-Hobbs SJ, Carmichael S, McCartney WT: External skeletal fixation for stabilisation of comminuted humeral fractures in cats. J Small Anim Pract 38:280, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
60. Langley-Hobbs SJ, Carmichael S, McCartney W: Use of external skeletal fixators in the repair of femoral fractures in cats. J Small Anim Pract 37:95, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
61. Lanz OI, Jones JC, Bergman R: Use of an external fixator to correct spinal fracture/ luxation and instability in three dogs. Vet Neurol Neurosurg 2:1, 2000.
62. Lauer SK, Aron DN, Evans MD: Finite element method evaluation: articulations and diagonals in an 8-pin type 1B external skeletal fixator. Vet Surg 29:28, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
63. Lauer SK, Aron DN, Evans MD: Destabilization in external skeletal fixation finite element method evaluation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:164, 2003.
64. Lesser AS: Segmental bone transport for the treatment of bone deficits. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:322, 1994.
65. Lewis DD, Radasch RM, Beale BS: Initial clinical experience with the IMEX (TM) circular external skeletal fixation system. Part II. Use in bone lengthening and correction of angular and rotational deformities. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 12:118, 1999.
66. Lewis DD, Radasch RM, Beale BS: Initial clinical experience with the IMEX (TM) circular external skeletal fixation system. Part I. Use in fractures and arthrodeses. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 12:108, 1999.
67. Lewis DD, Lanz OI, Welch RD: Biomechanics of circular external skeletal fixation. Vet Surg 27:454, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
68. Lewis DD, Bronson DG, Welch RD: Effect of individual components of the axial stiffness of a single ring IMEX circular external skeletal fixation system constructs [abstract]. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 10:80, 1997.
69. Lincoln JD: Treatment of open, delayed union, and nonunion fractures with external skeletal fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:195, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
70. Marcellin-Little DJ: Fracture treatment with circular external fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:1153, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
71. Marcellin-Little DJ: Treating bone deformities with circular external skeletal fixation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 21:481, 1999.
72. Marcellin-Little DJ, Ferretti A, Roe SC, DeYoung DJ: Hinged Ilizarov external skeletal fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities. Vet Surg 27:231, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
73. Marcellin-Little DJ: External skeletal fixation. In Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 1830.
74. Marti JM, Miller A: Delimitation of safe corridors for the insertion of external fixator pins in the dog 1: hindlimb. J Small Anim Pract 35:16, 1994.
75. Marti JM, Miller A: Delimitation of safe corridors for the insertion of external fixator pins in the dog 1: forelimb. J Small Anim Pract 35:78, 1994.
76. Martinez SA, Arnoczky SP, Flo GL, Brinker WO: Dissipation of heat during polymerization of acrylics used for external skeletal fixator connecting bars. Vet Surg 26:290, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
77. McCartney W: Use of the modified acrylic external fixator in 54 dogs and 28 cats. Vet Rec 143:330, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
78. Muir P, Markel MD, Johnson KA: Area moment of inertia for comparison of implant cross-sectional geometry and bending stiffness. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 8:146, 1995.
79. Ness MG: Treatment of inherently unstable open or infected fracture by open wound management and external skeletal fixation. J Small Anim Pract 47:83, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
80. Norris JL, Kraus KH, O’Leary JP: Effect of a supplemental plate on the stiffness of a Type I external fixator. Vet Surg 31:133, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
81. Norton JC, DeCamp CE, Yu J, Rooks R: Use of a single ring transarticular fixator construct for immobilization of the talocrural joint following common calcaneal tenorrhaphy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:430, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
82. Nunamaker DM: Treatment of open fractures in small animals. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1:66, 1979.
83. Oni OO, Capper M, Soutis C: External fixation of upper limb fractures: the effect of pin offset on fixator stability. Biomaterials 16:263, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
84. Owen MA: Use of the Ilizarov method to manage a septic tibial fracture nonunion with a large cortical defect. J Small Anim Pract 41:124, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
85. Owen MA: Use of contoured bar transhock external fixators in 17 cats. J Small Anim Pract 41:440, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
86. Owen MR, Bennett D, Carmichael S, et al: Mandibular fracture repair in dogs and cats using epoxy resin and acrylic external skeletal fixation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 17:189, 2004.
87. Palmer RH, Hulse DA, Hyman WA, Palmer DR: Principles of bone healing and biomechanics of external skeletal fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:45, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
88. Palmer RH, Aron DN: Ellis pin complications in seven dogs. Vet Surg 27:423, 1998.
89. Palmer RH: Biological osteosynthesis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:1171, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
90. Pettit GD: History of external skeletal fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:1, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
91. Phillips L, Blackmore J: Kirschner-Ehmer device alone to stabilize caudal lumbar fractures in small dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 4:112, 1991.
92. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp CE: Brinker, Piermattie, and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, p 79.
93. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp CE, et al: Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, p 518.
94. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp CE, et al: Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, p 750.
95. Radke H, Aron DN, Applewhite A, Zhang G: Biomechanical analysis of unilateral external skeletal fixators combined with IM-pin and without IM-pin using finite-element method. Vet Surg 35:15, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
96. Renberg WC, De Haan JJ, Goring RL: Repair of diaphyseal radius and ulna fractures using a modified type I external skeletal fixator and ulnar intramedullary pin. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 9:29, 1996.
97. Ross JT, Matthiesen DT: The use of multiple pin and methylmethacrylate external skeletal fixation for the treatment of orthopaedic injuries in the dog and cat. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 6:115, 1993.
98. Rovesti GL, Bascucci M, Schmidt K, Marcellin-Little DJ: Limb sparing using a double bone-transport technique for treatment of a distal tibial osteosarcoma in a dog. Vet Surg 31:70, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
99. Shores A, Nichols C, Koelling HA, Fox WR: Combined Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plate fixation technique for caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:335, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
100. Smith MM, Kern DA: Skull trauma and mandibular fractures. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 25:1127, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
101. Ting D, Dejardin LM, Peterson SW: Bone transport for treatment of canine osteomyelitis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 23:134, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
102. Tommasini-Degna M,Ehrhart N, Feretti A, Buracco P: Bone transport osteogenesis for limb salvage following resection of primary bone tumors: experience with six cases (1991-1996). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 13:18, 2000.
103. Toombs JP, Ewing P, Basinger RR, Aron DN: Angled connecting bars for transarticular application of Kirschner-Ehmer external fixation splints. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:213, 1989.
104. Trostel CT, Radasch RM: Tarsocrural arthrodesis: a clinical report using a circular external fixator. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 11:193, 1998.
105. Walker TM, Pierce WA, Welch RD: External skeletal fixation of the lumbar spine in a canine model. Vet Surg 31:181, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
106. Welch RD, Lewis DD: Distraction osteogenesis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:1187, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
107. Wheeler JL, Lewis DD, Cross AR, Sereda CW: Closed fluoroscopic-assisted spinal arch external skeletal fixation for the stabilization of vertebral column injuries in five dogs. Vet Surg 36:442, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
108. Wheeler JL, Cross AR, Rapoff AJ: A comparison of accuracy and safety of vertebral body pin placement using a fluoroscopically guided versus an open surgical approach: an in vitro study. Vet Surg 31:468, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
109. White DT, Bronson DG, Welch RD: A mechanical comparison of veterinary linear external fixation systems. Vet Surg 32:507, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
110. Williams N, Constantinescu GM, Wagner-Mann C, et al: Heat conduction of fixator pins with polymethylmethacrylate external fixation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 10:153, 1997.
111. Wu JJ, Shyr HS, Chao EY, Kelly PJ: Comparison of osteotomy healing under external fixation devices with different stiffness characteristics. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66:1258, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 45: Orthopedic Coaptation Devices and Small-Animal Prosthetics
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44. Singer B: ABC’s: 40 years of excellence—a retrospective, 1958-1967. O&P Almanac, June 1988, p 81.
45. Sivan M, Bhakta B: Restoring mobility: theories, technologies and effective treatments. Clin Med 8:596, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
46. Weinstein J, Ralphs SC: External coaptation. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 19:98, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
47. White RAS: Surgical treatment of specific skin disorders. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2003, WB Saunders.
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Chapter 46: Delayed Unions, Nonunions, Malunions
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23. Hornicek FJ, Zych GA, Hutson JJ, et al: Salvage of humeral nonunions with onlay bone plate allograft augmentation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 203, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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30. Kirker-Head CA, Boudrieau RJ, Kraus KH: Use of bone morphogenetic proteins for augmentation of bone regeneration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1039, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
31. Kowaleski MP, Marston MT, Kraus KH: Nonlinear increasing axial gap stiffness in type II external skeletal fixation: a mechanical study. Vet Surg 32:120, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
32. Kraus KH, Kadiyala S, Wotton H, et al: Critically sized osteo-periosteal femoral defects: a dog model. J Invest Surg 12:115, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
33. Kraus KH, Kirker-Head C: Mesenchymal stem cells and bone regeneration. Vet Surg 35:232, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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35. Kwong FN, Hoyland JA, Evans CH, et al: Regional and cellular localisation of BMPs and their inhibitors’ expression in human fractures. Int Orthop 33:281, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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38. Matthiesen DT, Scavelli TD, Whitney WO: Subtotal colectomy for the treatment of obstipation secondary to pelvic fracture malunion in cats. Vet Surg 20:113, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
39. McClure SR, Van Sickle D, White MR: Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on bone. Vet Surg 33:40, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
40. Miclau T, Lindsey RW, Probe R, et al: Autogenous cancellous bone graft incorporation in a gap defect in the canine femur. J Orthop Trauma 10:108, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
41. O’Sullivan ME, Chao EY, Kelly PJ: The effects of fixation on fracture-healing. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:306, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
42. Perren SM: Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: the scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84:1093, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
43. Pozzi A, Lewis D: Surgical approaches for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:316, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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45. Reems MR, Beale BS, Hulse DA: Use of a plate-rod construct and principles of biological osteosynthesis for repair of diaphyseal fractures in dogs and cats: 47 cases (1994-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:330, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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49. Sen MK, Miclau T: Autologous iliac crest bone graft: should it still be the gold standard for treating nonunions? Injury 38(suppl 1):S75, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
50. Strauss EJ, Schwarzkopf R, Kummer F, et al: The current status of locked plating: the good, the bad, and the ugly. J Orthop Trauma 22:479, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
51. Taitsman LA, Lynch JR, Agel J, et al: Risk factors for femoral nonunion after femoral shaft fracture. J Trauma 67:1389, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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53. Tomic S, Bumbasirevic M, Lesic A, et al: Ilizarov frame fixation without bone graft for atrophic humeral shaft nonunion: 28 patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. J Orthop Trauma 21:549, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
54. Toombs JP, Wallace LJ: Evaluation of autogeneic and allogeneic cortical chip grafting in a feline tibial nonunion model. Am J Vet Res 46:519, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
55. Toombs JP, Wallace LJ, Bjorling DE, et al: Evaluation of Key’s hypothesis in the feline tibia: an experimental model for augmented bone healing studies. Am J Vet Res 46:513, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
56. Tsuji K, Bandyopadhyay A, Harfe BD, et al: BMP2 activity, although dispensable for bone formation, is required for the initiation of fracture healing. Nat Genet 38:1424, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
57. Vaibhav B, Nilesh P, Vikram S, et al: Bone morphogenic protein and its application in trauma cases: a current concept update. Injury 38:1227, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
58. Welch JA, Boudrieau RJ, DeJardin LM, et al: The intraosseous blood supply of the canine radius: implications for healing of distal fractures in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:57, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 47: Principles of Angular Limb Deformity Correction
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Chapter 48: Osteomyelitis
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24. Ince A, Seemann K, Frommelt L, et al: One-stage exchange shoulder arthroplasty for peri-prosthetic infection. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87:814, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
25. Johnson KA: Osteomyelitis in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1882, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
26. Lew DP, Waldvogel FA: Osteomyelitis. Lancet 364:369, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
27. Love DN: Antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from dogs. Aust Vet Pract 19:196, 1989.
28. Martín-López JV, Díez-Gil O, Morales M, et al: Simultaneous PCR detection of ICA cluster and methicillin and mupirocin resistance genes in catheter-isolated Staphylococcus. Int Microbiol 7:63, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
29. Morrison WB, Sanders TG: Problem solving in musculoskeletal imaging, Philadelphia, 2008, Mosby/Elsevier.
30. Ogden JA: Pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: the pathology of neonatal disease. Yale J Biol Med 52:423, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
31. Parsek MR, Singh PK: Bacterial biofilms: an emerging link to disease pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 57:677, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
32. Patel M, Rojavin Y, Jamali AA: Animal models for the study of osteomyelitis. Semin Plast Surg 23:148, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
33. Reisner A, Høiby N, Tolker-Nielsen T, Molin S: Microbial pathogenesis and biofilm development. Contrib Microbiol. 12:114, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
34. Renzoni A, Kelley WL, Vaudaux P, et al: Exploring innate glycopeptide resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol 18:55, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
35. Resnick D, Kransdorf MJ: Bone and joint imaging, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Saunders.
36. Schenk RK, Wiener J, Spiro D: Fine structural aspects of vascular invasion of the tibial epiphyseal plate of growing rats. Acta Anat (Basel) 69:1, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
37. Schillaci O: Hybrid imaging systems in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infections. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 53:95, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
38. Shirtliff ME, Mader JT, Camper AK: Molecular interactions in biofilms. Chem Biol 9:859, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
39. Stewart PS: Mechanisms of antiobiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 292:107, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
40. Stewart PS, Costerton JW: Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. The Lancet 358:135, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Stoodley P, Kathju S, Hu FZ, et al: Molecular and imaging techniques for bacterial biofilms in joint arthroplasty infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 437:31, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
42. Streppa HK, Singer MJ, Budsberg SC: Applications of local antimicrobial delivery systems in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:40, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
43. Tarkin IS, Dunman PM, Garvin KL: Improving the treatment of musculoskeletal infections with molecular diagnostics. Clin Orthop Relat Res 437:83, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
44. Torres BT, Budsberg SC: Revision of cemented total hip arthroplasty with cementless components in three dogs. Vet Surg 38:81, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
45. Trueta J: The three types of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: a clinical and vascular study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 41:671, 1959.
46. Trueta J, Morgan JD: The vascular contribution to osteogenesis. I. Studies by the injection method. J Bone Joint Surg Br 42:97, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
47. Tsukayama DT: Pathophysiology of posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 360:22, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Valle J, Toledo-Arana A, Berasain C, et al: SarA and not sigmaB is essential for biofilm development by Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 48:1075, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
49. van der Mei HC, van de Belt-Gritter B, Reid G, et al: Adhesion of coagulase-negative staphylococci grouped according to physico-chemical surface properties. Microbiology 143:3861, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
50. Wagner C, Kondella K, Bernschneider T, et al: Post-traumatic osteomyelitis: analysis of inflammatory cells recruited into the site of infection. Shock 20:503, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
51. Waldvogel FA, Medoff G, Swartz MN: Osteomyelitis: a review of clinical features, therapeutic considerations and unusual aspects, part I. N Engl J Med 282:198, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
52. Waldvogel FA, Medoff G, Swartz MN: Osteomyelitis: a review of clinical features, therapeutic considerations and unusual aspects, part II. N Engl J Med 282:260, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
53. Waldvogel FA, Medoff G, Swartz MN: Osteomyelitis: a review of clinical features, therapeutic considerations and unusual aspects, part III. N Engl J Med 282:316, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
54. Whalen JL, Fitzgerald RH, Morrissy RT: A histological study of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis follow physeal injuries in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Am 70:1383, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
55. Yoon KS, Fitzgerald RH, Sud S, et al: Experimental acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in mice. II. Influence of Staphylococcus aureus infection on T-cell immunity. J Ortho Res 17:382, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 49: Bone Grafts and Substitutes
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34. Lieberman JR, Ghivizzani SC, Evans CH: Gene transfer approaches to the healing of bone and cartilage. Mol Ther 6:141, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 50: Scapula
[pic]
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Chapter 51: The Shoulder
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98. Nap RC, Hazewinkel HAW, Voorhout G, et al: Growth and skeletal development in Great Dane pups fed different levels of protein intake. J Nutr 121:S107, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
99. Neviaser TJ: The role of the biceps tendon in the impingement syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am 18:383, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
100. Nikolaou P, MacDonald B, Glisson R, et al: Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of muscle after controlled strain injury. Am J Sports Med 15:9, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
101. Noonan TJ, Garrett WE: Injuries at the myotendinous junction. Clin Sports Med 2:783, 1992.
102. Olivieri M, Piras A, Marcellin-Little DJ, et al: Accessory caudal glenoid ossification centre as a possible cause of lameness in nine dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 17:131, 2004.
103. Olsson SE: General and aetiologic factors in canine osteochondrosis. Vet Q 9:268, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
104. O’Neill T, Innes JF: Treatment of shoulder instability caused by medial glenohumeral ligament rupture with thermal capsulorrhaphy. J Small Anim Pract 45:521, 2004.
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106. Palmer R: Personal communication, February 26, 2010.
107. Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, et al: Revision surgery for failed thermal capsulorrhaphy. Am J Sports Med 33:1321, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
108. Pechman R: Personal communication, December, 2009.
109. Peterson CJ: Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head of a cat. N Z Vet J 32:115, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
110. Pettitt RA, Clements DN, Guilliard MJ: Stabilisation of medial shoulder instability by imbrications of the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion. J Small Anim Pract 48:626, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
111. Piermattei DL: An atlas of surgical approaches to the bones and joints of the dog and cat, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, WB Saunders, p 92.
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115. Post C, Guerrero T, Voss K, et al: Temporary transarticular stabilization with a locking plate for medial shoulder luxation in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:166, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
116. Probst CW, Flo GL: Comparison of two caudolateral approaches to the scapulohumeral joint for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1101, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
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120. Richardson DC, Zentek J: Nutrition and osteochondrosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:115, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
121. Riser WH, Woodard JC, Bloomberg MS, et al: Shoulder lesions in the greyhound with special reference to osteochondritis dissecans and chondrocalcinosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:449, 1993.
122. Rivers B, Wallace L, Johnston GR: Biceps tenosynovitis in the dog: radiographic and sonographic findings. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 5:51, 1992.
123. Rochat MC: Arthrocentesis and arthroscopy. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editor: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Elsevier Saunders, p 276.
124. Rochat MC: Emerging causes of canine lameness. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:1233, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
125. Rørvik AM, Teige J, Ottesen N, et al: Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic abnormalities in dogs with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: 19 cases (1991–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:600, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
126. Rudd RG, Visco DM, Kincaid SA, et al: The effects of beveling the margins of articular cartilage defects in immature dogs. Vet Surg 16:378, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
127. Saunders DG, Walker JR, Levine D: Joint mobilization. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:1287, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
128. Schaefer S: Personal communication. February 26, 2010.
129. Schaefer SL, Forrest LJ: Magnetic resonance imaging of the canine shoulder: an anatomic study. Vet Surg 35:721, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
130. Scharf G, Steinbüchl S, Messmer M, et al: Glenoid dysplasia and bicipital tenosynovitis in a Maine coon cat. J Small Anim Pract 45:515, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
131. Schollmeier G, Sarkar K, Fukuhara K, et al: Structural and functional changes in the canine shoulder after cessation of immobilization. Clin Orthop Relat Res 323:310, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
132. Schollmeier G, Uhthoff H, Sarkar K et al: Effects of immobilization on the capsule of the canine glenohumeral joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 304:37, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
133. Schwarz T, Johnson VS, Voute L: Bone scintigraphy in the investigation of occult lameness in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 45:232, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
134. Sidaway BK, McLaughlin RM, Elder SH, et al: Role of the tendons of the biceps brachii and infraspinatus muscles and the medial glenohumeral ligament in the maintenance of passive shoulder joint stability in dogs. Am J Vet Res 65:1216, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
135. Simkin PA, Heston TF, Downey DJ, et al: Subchondral architecture in bones of the canine shoulder. J Anat 175:213, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
136. Simkin PA, Houglum SJ, Pickerall CC: Compliance and viscoelasticity of canine shoulders loaded in vitro. J Biomech 18:735, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
137. Simkin PA, Pickerall CC, Wallis WJ: Hydraulic resistance in bones of the canine shoulder. J Biomech 18:657, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
138. Simon WH, Friedenberg S, Richardson S: Joint congruence. J Bone Joint Surg Am 55:1614, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
139. Speer KP: Anatomy and pathomechanics of shoulder instability. Clin Sports Med 14:751, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
140. Stobie D, Wallace LJ, Lipowitz AJ, et al: Chronic bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs: 29 cases (1985–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:201, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
141. Suter PF, Carb AV: Shoulder arthrography in dogs: radiographic anatomy and clinical application. J Small Anim Pract 10:407, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
142. Thomas TM, Marcellin-Little DJ, Roe SC, et al: Comparison of measurements obtained by use of an electrogoniometer and a universal plastic goniometer for the assessment of joint motion in dog. Am J Vet Res 67:1974, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
143. Tirgari M: Clinic-pathological aspects of separated ossicles in the shoulder joint in dogs. Vet Rec 95:461, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
144. Todoroff RJ: Algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of shoulder disorders. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1998, Williams and Wilkins, p 1063.
145. Tomlinson T: Shoulder lameness in the dog—causes and treatment options. Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, p 790, 2005.
146. Ulthoff HK, Sarkar K, Maynard JA: Calcifying tendonitis: a new concept of its pathogenesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 118:164, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
147. vanBree H: Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of positive-contrast arthrography and arthrotomy in evaluation of osteochondrosis lesions in the scapulohumeral joint in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:84, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
148. vanBree H: Epinephrine enhanced positive contrast shoulder arthrography in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 36:687, 1989.
149. vanBree H: Evaluation of the prognostic value of positive-contrast shoulder arthrography for bilateral osteochondrosis lesions in dogs. Am J Vet Res 51:1121, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
150. vanBree H: Vacuum phenomenon associated with osteochondrosis of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs: 100 cases (1985–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1916, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
151. vanBree H, Degryse H, VanRyssen B, et al: Pathologic correlations with magnetic resonance images of osteochondrosis lesions in canine shoulders. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:1099, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
152. vanBree H, VanRyssen B, Degryse H: Magnetic resonance arthrography of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs, using gadopentetate dimeglumine. Am J Vet Res 56:286, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
153. vanBree H, VanRissen B, Tshamala M, et al: Comparison of the nonionic contrast agents, iopromide and iotrolan, for positive-contrast arthrography of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:1620, 1992.
154. vanBree H, Verhaeghe B, Maenhout D: Positive contrast arthrography of the dog’s shoulder with meglumine-sodium diatrizoate. J Am Vet Med Assoc 36:421, 1989.
155. Vandevelde B, Van Ryssen B, Saunders J, et al: Comparison of the ultrasonographic appearance of osteochondrosis lesions in the canine shoulder with radiography, arthrography, and arthroscopy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:174, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
156. Vasseur PB: Arthrodesis for congenital luxation of the shoulder in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 197:501, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
157. Vasseur PB: Clinical results of surgical correction of shoulder luxation in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:503, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
158. Vasseur PB, Moore D, Brown SA, et al: Stability of the canine shoulder joint: an in vitro analysis. Am J Vet Res 43:352, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
159. Vasseur PB, Pool RR, Klein K: Effects of tendon transfer on the canine scapulohumeral joint. Am J Vet Res 44:811, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
160. Vaughan LC: Dislocation of the shoulder joint in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 8:45, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
161. Vaughan L: Muscle and tendon injuries in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 20:711, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
162. Vaughan LG, Jones DGC: Congenital dislocation of the shoulder joint in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 10:1, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
163. Wall CR, Taylor R: Arthroscopic biceps brachii tenotomy as a treatment for canine bicipital tenosynovitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:169, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
164. Watson C, Rochat MC, Payton M: Effect of weight bearing on the joint angles of the fore- and hind limb of the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:250, 2003.
165. Wiemer P, van Ryssen B, Gielen I, et al: Diagnostic findings in a lame-free dog with complete rupture of the biceps brachii tendon. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:73, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
166. Wolff EF: Transposition of the biceps brachii tendon to repair luxation of the canine shoulder joint (review of a procedure). Vet Med Small Anim Clin 69:51, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
167. Woodward JC, Riser WH, Morrone AA, et al: Articular chondrocalcinosis of the humeral head in greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 56:473, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
168. Xia Y, Moody JB, Alhadlaq H, et al: Characteristics of topographical heterogeneity of articular cartilage over the joint surface of a humeral head. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 10:370, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 52: Fractures of the Humerus
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44. King SJ: Repair of femoral and humeral fractures of small animals by closed reduction intramedullary pinning. Aust Vet J 46:227, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
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46. Langley-Hobbs SJ, Ball S, McKee W: Transverse stress fractrues of the proximal tibia in 10 cats with non-union patellar fractures. Vet Rec 164:425, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
47. Langley-Hobbs SJ, Carmichael S, McCartney WT: External skeletal fixation for stabilisation of comminuted humeral fractures in cats. J Small Anim Pract 38:280, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
48. Langley-Hobbs SJ, Carmichael S, Pead MJ, et al: Management of antebrachial deformity and shortening secondary to a synostosis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 37:359, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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56. Marti J, Miller A: Delimitation of safe corridors for the insertion of external fixator pins in the dog. 2: Forelimb. J Small Anim Pract 35:78, 1994.
57. McKee WM, Macias C, Innes JF: Bilateral fixation of Y-T humeral condyle fractures via medial and lateral approaches in 29 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 46:217, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
58. Meyer-Lindenberg A, Heinen V, Fehr M, et al: Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle as the cause of lameness in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 15:187, 2002.
59. Morgan OD, Reetz JA, Brown DC, et al: Complication rate, outcome, and risk factors associated with surgical repair of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:400, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
60. Morshead D, Stambaugh J: Kirschner wire fixation of lateral humeral condylar fracture in small dogs. Vet Surg 13:1, 1984.
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63. Ness M, Abercromby R, May C, et al: A survey of orthopaedic conditions in small animal veterinary practice in Britain. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 9:43, 1996.
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65. Palmer RH, Aron DN, Chambers JN: A combined tension band and lag screw technique for fixation of olecranon osteotomies. Vet Surg 17:328, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
66. Paster ER, Biery DN, Lawler DF, et al: Un-united medial epicondyle of the humerus: radiographic prevalence and association with elbow osteoarthritis in a cohort of Labrador Retrievers. Vet Surg 38:169, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
67. Payne JT, Braun WF, Anderson DE, et al: Articular fractures of the distal portion of the humerus in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs: six cases (1988–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:59, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
68. Phillips IR: A survey of bone fractures in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 20:661, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
69. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, Camp CE: Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopaedics and fracture repair, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, p 297.
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90. Vannini R, Olmstead M, Smeak D: Humeral condylar fracture caused by minor trauma in 20 adult dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:355, 1988.
91. Vannini R, Smeak D, Olmstead M: Evaluation of surgical repair of 135 distal humeral fractures in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:537, 1988.
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Chapter 53: Surgical Diseases of the Elbow
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168. Wagner K, Griffon DJ, Thomas MW, et al: Radiographic, computed tomographic, and arthroscopic evaluation of experimental radio-ulnar incongruence in the dog. Vet Surg 36:691, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
169. Walker TM: A redefined type of elbow dysplasia in the dog—2 cases. Can Vet J 39:573, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
170. Werner H, Winkels V, Grevel V, et al: Sensitivity and specificity of arthroscopic estimation of positive and negative radio-ulnar incongruence in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:1, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
171. Wind A, Packard ME: Elbow incongruity and developmental elbow diseases in the dog: Part II. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:726, 1986.
172. Wind A: Elbow incongruity and developmental elbow diseases in the dog: Part I. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:711, 1986.
173. Wind A: Incidence and radiographic appearance of fragmented coronoid process. Calif Vet 6:19, 1982.
174. Withrow SJ: Management of congenital elbow luxation by temporary transarticular pinning. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 72:1597, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
175. Wolschrijn CF, Gruys E, Weijs WA: Microcomputed tomography and histology of a fragmented medial coronoid process in a 20-week-old Golden Retriever. Vet Rec 157:383, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
176. Wosar M, Lewis D, Neuwirth L, et al: Radiographic evaluation of elbow joints before and after surgery in dogs with possible fragmented medial coronoid process. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:52, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
177. Zontine WJ, Weitkamp RA, Lippincott CL: Redefined type of elbow dysplasia involving calcified flexor tendons attached to the medial humeral epicondyle in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:1082, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 54: Total Elbow Replacement in Dogs
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18. Sidebotham CG: Personal communication, February 2008.
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Chapter 55: Radius and Ulna
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9. Craig E: Autogenous fat grafts to prevent recurrence following surgical correction of growth deformities of the radius and ulna in the dog. Vet Surg 10:69, 1981.
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12. Dismukes DI, Fox DB, Tomlinson JL, et al: Use of radiographic measures and three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging in surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:68, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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18. Fox SM: Premature closure of distal radial and ulnar physes in the dog, Part I: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet 128:128, 1984.
19. Gilson SD, Piermattei DL, Schwarz PD: Treatment of humeroulnar subluxation with a dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy: a review of 13 cases. Vet Surg 18:114, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
20. Hamilton MH, Langley-Hobbs SJ: Use of the AO veterinary mini “T” T-plate for stabilization of distal radius and ulna fractures in toy breed dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:18, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
21. Henney LH, Gambardella PC: Premature closure of the ulnar physis in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:573, 1989.
22. Holsworth IG, Wisner ER, Scherrer WE, et al: Accuracy of computerized tomographic evaluation of canine radio-ulnar incongruence in vitro. Vet Surg 34:108, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
23. Johnson AL: Treatment of growth deformities with external skeletal fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:209, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
24. Johnson AL, Schaeffer DJ: Evolution of the treatment of canine radial and tibial fractures with external fixators. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:256, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Kramer A, Holsworth IG, Wisner ER, et al: Computed tomographic evaluation of canine radioulnar incongruence in vivo. Vet Surg 35:24, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
26. Lappin MR, Aron DN, Herron HL, et al: Fractures of the radius and ulna in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:643, 1983.
27. Larsen LJ, Roush JK, McLaughlin RM: Bone plate fixation of distal radius and ulna fractures in small and miniature breed dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:243, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
28. Lau RE: Inherited premature closure of the distal ulnar physis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:609, 1977.
29. Lewis DD, Radasch RM, Beale BS, et al: Initial clinical experience with the IMEXTM circular external skeletal fixation system. Part II: Use in bone lengthening and correction of angular and rotational deformities. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 12:118, 1999.
30. MacDonald JM, Matthiesen D: Treatment of forelimb growth plate deformity in 11 dogs by radial dome osteotomy and external coaptation. Vet Surg 20:402, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
31. Marcellin-Little DJ: Fracture treatment with circular external fixation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:1153, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
32. Marcellin-Little DJ, Ferretti A, Roe SC, et al: Hinged Ilizarov external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities. Vet Surg 27:231, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
33. Mason DR, Schulz KS, Fujita Y, et al: In vitro force mapping of normal canine humeroradial and humeroulnar joints. Am J Vet Res 66:132, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
34. Mason DR, Schulz KS, Samii VF, et al: Sensitivity of radiographic evaluation of radio-ulnar incongruence in the dog in vitro. Vet Surg 31:125, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
35. Mason TA, Baker MJ: The surgical management of elbow joint deformity associated with premature growth plate closure in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 19:639, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
36. Muir P, Manley PA: Stabilisation of fractures of the proximal radius and ulna in a dog by application of a single plate to the ulna. Vet Rec 134:599, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
37. Neat BC, Kowaleski MP, Litsky AS, et al: Mechanical evaluation of pin and tension-band wire factors in an olecranon osteotomy model. Vet Surg 35:398, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Newton CD, Nunamaker DM, Dickinson CR: Surgical management of radial physeal growth disturbance in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:1011, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
39. Noser GA, Carrig CB, Merkley DF, et al: Asynchronous growth of the canine radius and ulna: effects of cross pinning the radius to the ulna. Am J Vet Res 38:601, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
40. Olson NC, Carrig CB, Brinker WO: Asynchronous growth of the canine radius and ulna: effects of retardation of longitudinal growth of the radius. Am J Vet Res 40:351, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
41. Peterson SW: Dynamic reduction of congenital elbow luxation using the IMEX Circular fixator system and olive wires. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Veterinary Orthopedic Society Symposium, March 2–9, 2002, The Canyons, UT, p 35.
42. Piermattei DL, Johnson KA: An atlas of surgical approaches to the bones and joints of the dog and cat, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2004, Elsevier/Saunders.
43. Piras LA, Peirone B, Fox DB: Effects of antebrachial torsion on the measurement of frontal plane angulation: a cadaveric radiographic analysis: radiographic measurements of the axes and joint angles of the canine radius and ulna. Proceedings of the 37th Veterinary Orthopedic Society Symposium, February 20–27, 2010, Breckenridge, CO, p 36.
44. Pozzi A, Lewis D: Surgical approaches for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:316, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
45. Preston CA: Distraction osteogenesis to treat premature distal radial growth plate closure in a dog. Aust Vet J 78:387, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
46. Preston CA, Schulz KS, Taylor KT, et al: In vitro experimental study of the effect of radial shortening and ulnar ostectomy on contact patterns in the elbow joint of dogs. Am J Vet Res 62:1548, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
47. Quinn MK, Ehrhart N, Johnson AL, et al: Realignment of the radius in canine antebrachial growth deformities treated with corrective osteotomy and bilateral (type II) external fixation. Vet Surg 29:558, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
48. Ramadan RO, Vaughan LC: Premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs—a review of 58 cases. J Small Anim Pract 19:647, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
49. Sardinas JC, Montavon PM: Use of a medial bone plate for repair of radius and ulna fractures in dogs and cats: a report of 22 cases. Vet Surg 26:108, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
50. Schwarz PD, Schrader SC: Ulnar fracture and dislocation of the proximal radial epiphysis (Monteggia lesion) in the dog and cat: a review of 28 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:190, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
51. Sereda CW, Lewis DD, Radasch RM, et al: Descriptive report of antebrachial growth deformity correction in 17 dogs from 1999 to 2007, using hybrid linear-circular external fixator constructs. Can Vet J 50:723, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
52. Sike RI, Olds RB, Renegar W, et al: Dome osteotomy for the correction of long bone malunions: case reports and discussion of surgical technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:221, 1986.
53. Theyse LF, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HA: Prognostic factors in treating antebrachial growth deformities with a lengthening procedure using a circular external skeletal fixation system in dogs. Vet Surg 34:424, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
54. Toombs JP, Wallace LJ, Bjorling DE, et al: Evaluation of Key’s hypothesis in the feline tibia: an experimental model for augmented bone healing studies. Am J Vet Res 46:513, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
55. Vandewater A, Olmstead ML: Premature closure of the distal radial physis in the dog: a review of eleven cases. Vet Surg 12:7, 1983.
56. Van Sickle DC: A comparative study of postnatal elbow development of the Greyhound and German Shepherd. J Am Vet Med Assoc 147:1650, 1965.
57. Wagner K, Griffon DJ, Thomas MW, et al: Radiographic, computed tomographic, and arthroscopic evaluation of experimental radio-ulnar incongruence in the dog. Vet Surg 36:691, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
58. Waters DJ, Breur GJ, Toombs JP: Treatment of common forelimb fractures in miniature and toy breed dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:442, 1993.
59. Welch JA, Boudrieau RJ, DeJardin LM, et al: The intraosseous blood supply of the canine radius: implications for healing of distal fractures in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:57, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 56: Carpus, Metacarpus, and Digits
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34. Gemmill TJ, Bennett D, Carmichael S: Chronic disruption of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the carpus in two dogs. Vet Rec 158:25, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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36. Gnudi G, Mortellaro CM, Bertoni G: Radial carpal bone fracture in 13 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:178, 2003.
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38. Gordon WJ, Besancon MF, Conzemius MG: Frequency of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in dogs after repair of a humeral condylar fracture. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:1, 2003.
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40. Guilliard MJ: Enthesiopathy of the short radial collateral ligaments in racing greyhounds. J Small Anim Pract 39:227, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
41. Guilliard MJ: Proximal interphalangeal joint instability in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 44:399, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
42. Guilliard MJ, Mayo AK: Sprain of the short radial collateral ligament in a racing greyhound. J Small Anim Pract 41:169, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
43. Guilliard MJ, Segboer I, Shearer DH: Corns in dogs: signalment, possible aetiology and response to surgical treatment. J Sm Anim Pract 51:162, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
44. Haburjak JJ, Lenehan TM, Davidson CD: Treatment of carpometacarpal and middle carpal joint hyperextension injuries with partial carpal arthrodesis using a cross pin technique: 21 cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:105, 2003.
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47. Jankowski AJ, Brown DC, Duval J, et al: Comparison of effects of elective tenectomy or onychectomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:370, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
48. Johnson AL, Houlton JEF: Arthrodesis of the carpus. In AO principles of fracture management in the dog and cat, Davos, Switzerland, 2005, AO Publishing.
49. Johnson AL, Hulse DA: Management of specific fractures. In Fossum: small animal surgery, ed 2, St Louis, 2002, Mosby.
50. Johnson AL, Piermattei DL, Davis PE: Characteristics of accessory carpal bone fractures in 50 racing Greyhounds. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1:104, 1988.
51. Johnson KA: Accessory carpal bone fractures in the racing Greyhound: classification and pathology. Vet Surg 16:60, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
52. Johnson KA, Dee JF, Piermattei DL: Screw fixation of accessory carpal bone fractures in racing Greyhounds: 12 cases (1981–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:1618, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
53. Johnson KA, Piras A: Fractures of the carpus. In AO principles of fracture management in the dog and cat, Davos, Switzerland, 2005, AO Publishing.
54. Kapatkin AS, Howe-Smith R, Shofer F: Conservative versus surgical treatment of metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 13:123, 2000.
55. Koch D: Screws and plates. In AO principles of fracture management in the dog and cat, Davos, Switzerland, 2005, AO Publishing.
56. Langley-Hobbs SJ, Hamilton MH, Pratt JN: Radiographic and clinical features of carpal varus associated with chronic sprain of the lateral collateral ligament complex in 10 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:324, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
57. Li A, Bennett D, Gibbs C, et al: Radial carpal bone fractures in 15 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 41:74, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
58. Li A, Gibson N, Bennett D, et al: Thirteen pancarpal arthrodeses using 2.7/3.5 mm hybrid dynamic compression plates. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 12:102, 1999.
59. Lotsikas PJ, Radasch RM: A clinical evaluation of pancarpal arthrodesis in nine dogs using circular external skeletal fixation. Vet Surg 35:480, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
60. Manley PA: Distal extremity fractures in small animals. J Vet Orthop 2:38, 1981.
61. Marino DJ, Matthiesen DT, Stefanacci JD, et al: Evaluation of dogs with digit masses: 117 cases (1981–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:726, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
62. Mathews KG, Koblik PD, Whitehair JG: Fragmented palmar metacarpophalangeal sesamoids in dogs: a long-term evaluation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 14:7, 2001.
63. Michal U, Fluckiger M, Schmokel H: Healing of dorsal pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 44:109, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
64. Mikic ZD, Ercegan G, Somer T: Detailed anatomy of the antebrachiocarpal joint in dogs. The Anatomical Record 233:329, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
65. Muir P, Norris JL: Metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38:344, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
66. Nielsen C, Stover SM, Schulz KS, et al: Two-dimensional link-segment model of the forelimb of dogs at a walk. Am J Vet Res 64:609, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
67. Nordberg CC, Johnson KA: Magnetic resonance imaging of normal canine carpal ligaments. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:128, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
68. O’Brien MG, Berg J, Engler SJ: Treatment by digital amputation of subungual squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 21 cases (1987–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:759, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
69. Parker RB, Brown SG, Wind AP: Pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog: a review of forty-five cases. Vet Surg 10:35, 1981.
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72. Probst CW, Millis DL: Carpus and digits. In Slatter D: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, WB Saunders.
73. Read RA, Black AP, Armstrong SJ, et al: Incidence and clinical significance of sesamoid disease in Rottweilers. Vet Rec 130:533, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
74. Rife JN: Deep digital flexor tendonectomy: an alternative to amputation onychectomy for declawing cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:73, 1988.
75. Risselada M, Verleyen P, van Bree H: The use of an external skeletal traction device for distal fractures in the dog: a clinical case series of 11 patients. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:131, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
76. Roe SC, Dee JF: Lateral ligamentous injury to the carpus of a racing Greyhound. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:453, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
77. Shales CJ, Langley-Hobbs S: Dorso-medial ante-brachiocarpal luxation with radio-ulna luxation in a domestic shorthair. J Feline Med Surg 8:197, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
78. Shetye SS, Malhotra K, Ryan SD, et al: Determination of mechanical properties of canine carpal ligaments. Am J Vet Res 70:1026, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
79. Tomlin JL, Pead MJ, Langley-Hobbs SJ, et al: Radial carpal bone fracture in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:173, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
80. Vaughan LC: Flexural deformity of the carpus in puppies. J Small Anim Pract 33:381, 1992.
81. Voss K, Geyer H, Montavon PM: Antebrachiocarpal luxation in a cat: a case report and anatomical study of the medial collateral ligament. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:266, 2003.
82. Watson C, Rochat M, Payton M: Effect of weight bearing on the joint angles of the fore-and hind limb of the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:250, 2003.
83. Wernham BGJ, Roush JK: Metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Vet 32:E1, 2010.
84. Whitlock RG, Dyce J, Houlton JEF: Metacarpal fractures associated with pancarpal arthrodesis in dogs. Vet Surg 28:25, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
85. Willer RL, Johnson KA, Turner TM, et al: Partial carpal arthrodesis for third degree carpal sprains: a review of 45 carpi. Vet Surg 19:334, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
86. Williams N, Payne JT, Tomlinson JL: Deep digital flexor tendon injuries in dogs. Compend Contin Educ 19:853, 1997.
87. Wininger FA, Kapatkin AS, Radin A, et al: Failure mode and bending moment of canine pancarpal arthrodesis constructs stabilized with two different implant systems. Vet Surg 36:724, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
88. Worth AJ, Bruce WJ: Long-term assessment of pancarpal arthrodesis performed on working dogs in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 56:78, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
89. Zahn K, Kornmayer M, Matis U: Dowel pinning for feline metacarpal and metatarsal fractures. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:256, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 57: Fractures of the Pelvis
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29. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp C: Fractures of the pelvis. In Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, p 455.
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35. Piermattei DL, Johnson KA: Approach to the pubis and pelvic symphysis. In An atlas of surgical approaches to the bones of the dog and cat, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders/Elsevier, p 322.
36. Piermattei DL, Johnson KA: Approach to the ventral aspect of the sacrum. In An atlas of surgical approaches to the bones of the dog and cat, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders/Elsevier, p 286.
37. Piermattei DL, Johnson KA: Approach to the wing of the ilium and dorsal aspect of the sacrum. In An atlas of surgical approaches to the bones of the dog and cat, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders/Elsevier, p 278.
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39. Raffan PJ, Joly CL, Timm PG, et al: A tension band technique for stabilisation of sacroiliac separations in cats. J Small Anim Pract 43:255, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
40. Schrader SC: Pelvic osteotomy as treatment for obstipation in cats with acquired stenosis of the pelvic canal: six cases (1978–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:208, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
41. Selcer BA: Urinary tract trauma associated with pelvic trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:785, 1982.
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45. Stubbs WP, Lewis DD, Miller GJ, et al: A biomechanical evaluation and assessment of the accuracy of reduction of two methods of acetabular osteotomy fixation in dogs. Vet Surg 27:429, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
46. Tomlinson JL, Cook JL, Payne JT, et al: Closed reduction and lag screw fixation of sacroiliac luxations and fractures. Vet Surg 28:188, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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48. Tomlinson JT: Fractures of the pelvis. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, vol 2, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders/Elsevier, p 2000.
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50. Troger JC, Viguier E: Use of T-plates for the stabilisation of supra-cotyloid ilial fractures in 18 cats and five dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:69, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
51. Vangundy TE, Hulse DA, Nelson JK, et al: Mechanical evaluation of two canine iliac fracture fixation systems. Vet Surg 17:321, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
52. Wendelburg K, Dee J, Kaderly R, et al: Stress fractures of the acetabulum in 26 racing Greyhounds. Vet Surg 17:128, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
53. Zulauf D, Kaser-Hotz B, Hassig M, et al: Radiographic examination and outcome in consecutive feline trauma patients. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:36, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 58: Coxofemoral Luxation
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29. Harari J, Smith CW, Rauch LS: Caudoventral hip luxation in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:312, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
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38. Lawson DD: Toggle fixation for recurrent dislocation of the hip in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 6:57, 1964.
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40. Lubbe AM, Verstraete FJM: Fascia lata loop stabilization of the coxofemoral joint in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 31:234, 1990.
41. Martinez SA, Coronado GS: Acquired conditions that lead to osteoarthritis in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:759, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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43. McLaughlin RM: Traumatic joint luxations in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 25:1175, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
44. McLaughlin RM, Tillson DM: Flexible fixation for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in dogs. Vet Surg 23:21, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
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46. Meij BP, Hazewinkel AW, Nap RC: Results of extra-articular stabilisation following open reduction of coxofemoral luxations in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 33:320, 1992.
47. Ozaydin I, Kilic E, Baran V, et al: Reduction and stabilization of hip luxation by the transposition of the ligament sacrotuberale in dogs: an in vivo study. Vet Surg 32:46, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
48. Murphy ST, Lewis DD, Kerwin SC: Traumatic coxofemoral luxation in dysplastic dogs managed with a triple pelvic osteotomy: results in four dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 10:136, 1997.
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Chapter 59: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Control of Canine Hip Dysplasia
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185. Swenson L, Audell L, Hedhammar A: Prevalence and inheritance of and selection for hip dysplasia in seven breeds of dogs in Sweden and benefit:cost analysis of a screening and control program. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:207, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
186. Szabo SD, Biery DN, Lawler DF, et al: Evaluation of a circumferential femoral head osteophyte as an early indicator of osteoarthritis characteristic of canine hip dysplasia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:889, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
187. Tallroth K, Lepistö J: Computed tomography measurement of acetabular dimensions: normal values for correction of dysplasia. Acta Orthop 77:598, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
188. Thrall DE, Badertscher RR II, Lewis RE, et al: Canine bone scanning: its use as a diagnostic tool for canine hip dysplasia. Am J Vet Res 38:1433, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
189. Todhunter RJ, Bertram JE, Smith S, et al: Effect of dorsal hip loading, sedation, and general anesthesia on the dorsolateral subluxation score in dogs. Vet Surg 32:196, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
190. Todhunter RJ, Grohn YT, Bliss SP, et al: Evaluation of multiple radiographic predictors of cartilage lesions in the hip joints of eight-month-old dogs. Am J Vet Res 64:1472, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
191. Todhunter RJ, Lust G: Hip dysplasia: pathogenesis. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 2009.
192. Todhunter RJ, Mateescu R, Lust G, et al: Quantitative trait loci for hip dysplasia in a crossbreed canine pedigree. Mamm Genome 16:720, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
193. Todhunter RJ, Zachos TA, Gilbert RO, et al: Onset of epiphyseal mineralization and growth plate closure in radiographically normal and dysplastic Labrador Retrievers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1458, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
194. Verhoeven G, Coopman F, Duchateau L, et al: Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia using the standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic method. J Small Anim Pract 48:387, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
195. Verhoeven GEC, Coopman F, Duchateau L, et al: Interobserver agreement on the assessability of standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographs and its effect on agreement in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia and on routine FCI scoring. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:259, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
196. Wade N: A decade later, genetic map yields few new curves, The New York Times. Available at: genome.html?pagewanted=1. Accessed June 12, 2010.
197. Wallace LJ: Canine hip dysplasia: past and present. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 2:92, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
198. Whittington K, Banks WC, Carlson WD, et al: Report of panel on canine hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 139:791, 1961.
199. Wiegel JP, Cartee RE, Marich KW: Preliminary study on the use of ultrasonic transmission imaging to evaluate the hip joint in the immature dog. Ultrasound Med Biol 9:371, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
200. Wilkinson JA: Prime factors in the etiology of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 45:268, 1963.
201. Willis MB: A review of the progress in canine hip dysplasia control in Britain. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1480, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
202. Witsberger TH, Armando Villamil J, Schultz LG, et al: Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1818, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
203. Wood JLN, Lakhani KH: Hip dysplasia in Labrador retrievers: the effects of age at scoring. Vet Rec 152:37, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
204. Worth AJ, Laven RA, Erceg VH: An assessment of the agreement between the New Zealand Veterinary Association hip dysplasia scoring system and the PennHIP distraction index in German shepherd dogs. N Z Vet J 57:338, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
205. Wright PJ, Mason TA: The usefulness of palpation of joint laxity in puppies as a predictor of hip dysplasia in a guide dog breeding programme. J Small Anim Pract 18:513, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
206. Zhang Z, Zhu L, Sandler J, et al: Estimation of heritabilities, genetic correlations, and breeding values of four traits that collectively define hip dysplasia in dogs. Am J Vet Res 70:483, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
207. Zhu L, Zhang Z, Feng F, et al: Single nucleotide polymorphisms refine QTL intervals for hip joint laxity in dogs. Anim Genet 39:141, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
208. Zhu L, Zhang Z, Friedenberg S, et al: The long (and winding) road to gene discovery for canine hip dysplasia. Vet J 181:97, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 60: Surgical Therapy of Canine Hip Dysplasia
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129. Tarvin G, Lippincott CL: Excision arthroplasty for treatment of canine hip dysplasia using the biceps femoris muscle sling: an evaluation of 92 cases. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 2:158, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
130. Terrell SP, Chandra AM, Pablo LS, et al: Fatal intraoperative pulmonary fat embolism during cemented total hip arthroplasty in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:345, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
131. Tidwell SA, Graham JP, Peck JN, et al: Incidence of pulmonary embolism after non-cemented total hip arthroplasty in eleven dogs: computed tomographic pulmonary angiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy. Vet Surg 36:37, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
132. Tomlinson JL, Cook JL: Effects of degree of acetabular rotation after triple pelvic osteotomy on the position of the femoral head in relationship to the acetabulum. Vet Surg 31:398, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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135. Wallace LJ: Pectineus tendon surgery for the management of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Clin North Am 22:607, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
136. Warnock JJ, Dyce J, Pooya H: Retrospective analysis of canine miniature total hip prostheses. Vet Surg 32:285, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
137. Whelan MF, McCarthy RJ, Boudrieau RJ, et al: Increased sacral screw purchase minimizes screw loosening in canine triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet Surg 33:609, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
138. Wixson RL, Lautenschlager EP, Novak MA, et al: Vacuum mixing of acrylic bone cement. J Arthroplasty 2:141, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
139. Wood I, Powell H, Kohm A, et al: Evaluation of femoral head damage during canine total hip replacement. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 16:184, 2003.
140. Wylie KB, DeYoung DJ, Drost WT, et al: The effect of surgical approach on femoral stem position in canine cemented total hip replacement. Vet Surg 26:62, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 61: Fractures of the Femur
[pic]
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172. Palmer RH, James SP: Fracture biomechanics of the appendicular skeleton. In Bojrab MJ, Monnet E, editors: Mechanisms of disease in small animal surgery, ed 3, Jackson, WY, 2010, Teton NewMedia.
173. Papmahl Hollenberg U: Conservative treatment of femoral neck fractures and epiphysiolysis of the femoral head in the cat. Kleintierpraxis 25:163, 1980.
174. Parker RB, Bloomberg MS: Modified intramedullary pin technique for repair of distal femoral physeal fractures in the dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:1259, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
175. Peirone B, Camuzzini D, Filippi D, et al: Femoral and humeral fracture treatment with an intramedullary pin/external fixator tie-in configuration in growing dogs and cats. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 15:85, 2002.
176. Perez Aparicio FJ, Fjeld TO: Femoral neck fractures and capital epiphyseal separations in cats. J Small Anim Pract 34:445, 1993.
177. Perren SM: Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: the scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84:1093, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
178. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp CE: Fractures of the femur and patella. In Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, ed 4, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, p 512.
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181. Rawson EA, Aronsohn MG, Burk RL: Simultaneous bilateral femoral head and neck ostectomy for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:166, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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185. Rendano VT, Quick CB, Allan GS, et al: Radiographic evaluation of femoral head and neck fractures: the value of the flexed ventrodorsal and oblique projections in diagnosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 16:6, 1980.
186. Riley PM, Weiner DS, Gillespie R, et al: Hazards of internal fixation in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72:1500, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
187. Riser WH: Growth and development of the normal canine pelvis, hip joints and femurs from birth to maturity: a radiographic study. J Am Vet Radial Soc 14:24, 1973.
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189. Root MV, Johnston SD, Olson PN: The effect of prepuberal and postpuberal gonadectomy on radial physeal closure in male and female domestic cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:42, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
190. Rozbruch SR, Muller U, Gautier E, et al: The evolution of femoral shaft plating technique. Clin Orthop Relat Res 354:195, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
191. Rumph PF, Hathcock JT: A symmetrical axis based method for measuring the projected femoral angle of inclination in dogs. Vet Surg 19:328, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
192. Salmeri KR, Shille V, Scruggs SL, et al: Gonadectomy in immature dogs: effects on skeletal, physical, and behavioral development. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1119, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
193. Salter RB, Harris WR: Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am 45:587, 1963.
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198. Simpson DJ, Lewis DD: Fractures of the femur. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 2, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 2059.
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200. Slocum B, Hohn RB: A surgical approach to the caudal aspect of the acetabulum and body of the ischium in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:65, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
201. Smith CW, Schiller AG, Smith AR, et al: Osteomyelitis in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 14:589, 1978.
202. Smith R: Fusion of ossification centers in the cat. J Small Anim Pract 10:523, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
203. Speer DP: Experimental epiphysiolysis: etiologic models of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. In Nelson JP, editor: The hip, ed 10, St Louis, 1982, CV Mosby, p 68.
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208. Suber J, Basinger RR: Effect of stack pins on the stiffness of interlocking nails in an unstable osteotomy model. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:15, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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210. Sumner-Smith G: Observations on epiphyseal fusion of the canine appendicular skeleton. J Small Anim Pract 7:303, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
211. Sumner-Smith G, Manley P, Schatzker J, et al: A telemetric study of the effect of internal fixation on the biomechanics of bone in vivo. Presented at the 3rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of Veterinary Anatomists. Guelph, ON, September 10–17, 1978, Anat Histol Embryol Volume 8, Issue 2, p 187.
212. Thielemann FW, Blersch E, Holz U: Plate osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fracture with reference to biological aspects. Unfallchirurg 91:389, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
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214. Tillson DM, Roush JK, McLaughlin RM, et al: Biomechanical comparison of three repair methods for proximal femoral physeal fractures in shear and tension. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 7:136, 1994.
215. Tillson DM, Roush JK, McLaughlin RM, et al: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in evaluation of the proximal femur after repair of proximal femoral physeal fractures in immature dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 8:153, 1995.
216. Ting D, Cabassu JB, Guillou RP, et al: In vitro evaluation of the effect of fracture configuration on the mechanical properties of standard and novel interlocking nail systems in bending. Vet Surg 38:881, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
217. Tomlinson J, Fox D, Cook JL, et al: Measurement of femoral angles in four dog breeds. Vet Surg 36:593, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
218. Torzilli PA, Takebe K, Burstein AH, et al: The material properties of immature bone. J Biomech Eng 104:12, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
219. Unger M, Montavon PM, Heim UF: Classification of fractures of the long bones in the dog and cat: introduction and clinical application. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 3:41, 1990.
220. Vasseur PB, Paul HA, Crumley L, et al: Evaluation of fixation devices for prevention of rotation in transverse fractures of the canine femoral shaft: an in vitro study. Am J Vet Res 45:1504, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
221. Vernon FF, Olmstead ML: Femoral head fractures resulting in epiphyseal fragmentation results of repair in five dogs. Vet Surg 12:123, 1983.
222. Vezzoni L, Boiocchi S, Vezzoni A: Complications of Kyon THR in growing dogs versus adult dogs. Presented at 18th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nantes, France, July 2–4, 2009.
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224. Wadsworth PL, Henry WB: Dorsal surgical approach to acetabular fractures in the dog. J Am Med Assoc 165:908, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
225. Weller S: Instability of osteosynthesis and disturbed fracture healing. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 3:92, 1989.
226. Whitney WO, Schrader SC: Dynamic intramedullary crosspinning technique for repair of distal femoral fractures in dogs and cats: 71 cases (1981–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1133, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
227. Wilson JW: Blood supply to developing, mature, and healing bone. In Sumner-Smith G, editor: Bone in clinical orthopedics, Stuttgart & New York, 2002, AO Publishing, p 23.
228. Withrow SJ, Amis TC: Sciatic nerve injury associated with intramedullary fixation of femoral fractures. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:562, 1977.
Chapter 62: Stifle Joint
[pic]
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348. Thieman KM, Pozzi A, Ling HY, et al: Comparison of contact mechanics of three meniscal repair techniques and partial meniscectomy in cadaveric dog stifles. Vet Surg 39:355, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
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363. Vasseur PB, Pool RR, Arnoczky SP, et al: Correlative biomechanical and histologic study of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. Am J Vet Res 46:1842, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
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378. Whitney WO: Arthroscopically assisted surgery of the stifle joint. In Beale BS, Hulse DA, Schulz KS, et al, editors: Small animal arthroscopy, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 116.
379. Widmer WR, Buckwalter KA, Braunstein EM, et al: Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging of the stifle joint in experimental osteoarthritis of dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:371, 1994.
380. Widmer WR, Buckwalter KA, Braunstein EM, et al: Principles of magnetic resonance imaging and application to the stifle joint in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1914, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
381. Wilke VL, Conzemius MMG, Besancon MF, et al: Comparison of tibial plateau angle between clinically normal Greyhounds and Labrador Retrievers with and without rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1426, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
382. Willer CC, Vasseur PB: Clinical results of surgical correction of medial luxation of the patella in dogs. Vet Surg 16:31, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
383. Williams J, Tomlinson J, Constantinescu G: Diagnosing and treating meniscal injuries in the dog. Vet Med 89:42, 1994.
384. Winegardner KR, Scrivani PV, Krotscheck U, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of subarticular bone marrow lesions in dogs with stifle lameness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:312, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
385. Wingfield C: JSAP 41:303, 2000.
386. Woo SL, Inoue M, McGurk-Burleson E, et al: Treatment of the medial collateral ligament injury. II. Structure and function of canine knees in response to differing treatment regimens. Am J Sports Med 15:22, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
387. Wyland DJ, Guilak F, Elliott DM, et al: Chondropathy after meniscal tear or partial meniscectomy in a canine model. J Orthop Res 20:996, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
388. Yahia LH, Newman NM, St. Georges M: Innervation of the canine cruciate ligaments: a neuro-histological study. Anat Histol Embryol 21:1, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
389. Yeadon R, Fitzpatrick N, Kowaleski MP: Tibial tuberosity transposition-advancement for treatment of medial patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament disease in the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 24:18, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
390. Ytrehus B, Carlson CS, Ekman S: Etiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. Vet Pathol 44:429, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
391. Zachos TA, Arnoczky SP, Lavagnino M, et al: The effect of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency on caudal cruciate ligament morphology: an experimental study in dogs. Vet Surg 31:596, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 63: Fractures of the Tibia and Fibula
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21. Johnson AL, Seitz SE, Smith CW, et al: Closed reduction and type-II external fixation of comminuted fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs: 23 cases (1990–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1445, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
22. Johnson JA, Austin C, Breuer GJ: Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980–1989. J Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 7:56, 1994.
23. Johnson KA, Roe SC: Use of an aiming device for application of a type-II (bilateral) external fixator to a fractured tibia of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:1573, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
24. Johnson SG, Hulse DA, Vangundy TE, et al: Corrective osteotomy for pes varus in the Dachshund. Vet Surg 18:373, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
25. Kraus KH, Wotton HM, Boudrieau RJ: Type-II external fixation, using new clamps and positive-profile threaded pins, for treatment of fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:1267, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
26. Macias C, McKee WM, May C: Caudal proximal tibial deformity and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small-breed dogs. J Small Anim Pract 43:433, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
27. Newton CD, Nunamaker DM: Textbook of small animal orthopaedics, Philadelphia, 1985, JB Lippincott.
28. Piermattei DL, Johnson KA: An atlas of surgical approaches to the bones and joints of the dog and cat, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders.
29. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, DeCamp CE: Fractures of the tibia and fibula. In Brinker, Piermattei and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2006, Saunders, p 633.
30. Pozzi A, Lewis D: Surgical approaches for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:316, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
31. Pratt JNJ: Avulsion of the tibial tuberosity with separation of the proximal tibial physis in seven dogs. Vet Rec 149:352, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
32. Puerto DA, Aronson LR: Use of a semitendinosus myocutaneous flap for soft-tissue reconstruction of a grade IIIB open tibial fracture in a dog. Vet Surg 33:629, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
33. Radasch RM, Lewis DF, McDonald DE, et al: Pes varus correction in Dachshunds using a hybrid external fixator. Vet Surg 37:71, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
34. Reems MR, Beale BS, Hulse DA: Use of a plate-rod construct and principles of biological osteosynthesis for repair of diaphyseal fractures in dogs and cats: 47 cases (1994–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:330, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
35. Rovesti GL, Bosio A, Marcellin-Little DJ: Management of 49 antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs using circular external fixators. J Small Anim Pract 48:194, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
36. Sarrau S, Meige F, Autefage A: Treatment of femoral and tibial fractures in puppies by elastic plate osteosynthesis: a review of 17 cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:51, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
37. Schebitz H, Wilkens H: Atlas of radiographic anatomy of the dog and cat, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1985, WB Saunders.
38. Schmökel HG, Stein S, Radke H, et al: Treatment of tibial fractures with plates using minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 48:157, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Schwandt CS, Montavon PM: Locking compression plate fixation of radial and tibial fractures in a young dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:194, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
40. Unger M, Montavon PM, Heim UFA: Classification of fractures of long bones in the dog and cat: introduction and clinical application. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 3:41, 1990.
41. von Pfeil DJ, Decamp CE, Diegel KL, et al: Does Osgood-Schlatter disease exist in the dog? Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:257, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
42. von Pfeil DJ, Déjardin LM, DeCamp CE: In vitro biomechanical comparison of a plate-rod combination-construct and an interlocking nail-construct for experimentally induced gap fractures in canine tibiae. Am J Vet Res 66:1536, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
43. Yoneji K, Higuchi M, Kawata M: Corrective osteotomy for tibial dysplasia in Dachshund. Presented at: 2nd World Veterinary Congress, Keystone, CO, February 25–March 4, 2006, p 215.
44. Yoneji K, Yoneji W, Okamura T, et al: Incidence and inheritable character of Dachshund tibial dysplasia in Japan. Presented at: 34th Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Sun Valley, ID, March 4–10, 2007, p 89.
Chapter 64: Tarsus and Metatarsus
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34. Jaegar GH, Roe SC: Isometry of potential suture attachment sites for the medial aspect of the tibiotarsal joint. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:73, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
35. Jaegar GH, Marcellin-Little DJ, DePuy V, et al: Validity of goniometric joint measurements in cats. Am J Vet Res 68:822, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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40. Lorinson D, Grosslinger K: Central tarsal bone luxation in 3 non-racing dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 14:229, 2001.
41. McCartney WT, Carmichael S: Talar neck fractures in 5 cats. J Small Anim Pract 42:204, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
42. McGill S, Owen MR, Corr SA, et al: Calcaneoquartal arthrodesis in the dog with a single lag screw: is the tension band really necessary? In Proceedings of BSAVA Congress, Birmingham, 2000, p 100.
43. McKee W, May C, Macias C, et al: Pantarsal arthrodesis with a customised medial or lateral bone plate in 13 dogs. Vet Rec 154:165, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
44. McLennan MJ: Ankylosis of tarsometatarsal luxations using external fixation. J Small Anim Pract 48:508, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
45. Matthiesen DT: Tarsal injuries in the dog and cat. Comp Contin Educ Small Anim Pract 5:548, 1983.
46. Meustage FJ: The classification of canine Achilles tendon lesions. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 6:53, 1993.
47. Morshead D, Leeds EB: Kirschner-Ehmer apparatus immobilization following Achilles tendon repair in six dogs. Vet Surg 13:11, 1984.
48. Muir P, Norris JL: Metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38:344, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
49. Muir P, Norris JL: Tarsometatarsal subluxation in dogs: partial arthrodesis by plate fixation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:155, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
50. Nielsen C, Pluhar GE: Outcome following surgical repair of Achilles tendon rupture and comparison between post-operative tibiotarsal immobilization methods in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 19:246, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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56. Reinke JD, Mughannam AJ, Owens JM: Avulsion of the gastrocnemius tendon in 11 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:410, 1993.
57. Reinke JD, Mughannam AJ: Lateral luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon in 12 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:303, 1993.
58. Rivers BJ, Walter PA, Kramek B, et al: Sonographic findings in canine common calcaneal tendon injury. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 10:45, 1997.
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61. Shanil J, Yershurun Y, Shahar R: Arthrodesis of the tarsometatarsal joint, using type II ESF with acrylic connecting bars in four dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 19:61, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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66. Voss K, Keller M, Montavon PM: Internal splinting of dorsal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal instabilities in dogs and cats with the ComPact Uni- Lock 2.0/2.4TM System. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 17:125, 2004.
67. Wilke V, Robinson TM, Dueland RT: Intertarsal and tarsometatarsal arthrodesis using a plantar approach. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 13:28, 2000.
68. Wood AKW, McCarthey PH: Radiographic and anatomic observations of the plantar sesamoid bones at the tarsometatarsal articulation of greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 45:2158, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
69. Worth AJ, Danielsson F, Bray JP, et al: Ability to work and owner satisfaction following surgical repair of common calcaneal tendon injuries in working dogs in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 52:109, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 65: Amputations
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Chapter 66: Dentistry for the Surgeon
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17. Gross ME, Pope ER, O’Brien D, et al: Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves during noninvasive tooth pulp stimulation in halothane-anesthetized dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1403, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
18. Hale FA: Localized intrinsic staining of teeth due to pulpitis and pulp necrosis in dogs. J Vet Dent 18:14, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
19. Harvey CE: Periodontal disease in dogs—etiopathogenesis, prevalence, and significance. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1111, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
20. Harvey CE: Management of periodontal disease: understanding the options. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:819, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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23. Hennet P: Chronic gingivo-stomatitis in cats: long-term follow-up of 30 cases treated by dental extractions. J Vet Dent 14:15, 1997.
24. Hennet P, Girard N: Surgical endodontics in dogs: a review. J Vet Dent 22:148, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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26. Howard PE: Tape muzzle for mandibular fractures. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 76:517, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
27. Kern DA, Smith MM, Stevenson S, et al: Evaluation of three fixation techniques for repair of mandibular fractures in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:1883, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
28. Lantz GC: Regional anesthesia for dentistry and oral surgery. J Vet Dent 20:181, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Legendre L: Use of maxillary and mandibular splints for restoration of normal occlusion following jaw trauma in a cat: a case report. J Vet Dent 15:179, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
30. Legendre L: Intraoral acrylic splints for maxillofacial fracture repair. J Vet Dent 20:70, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
31. Legendre L: Maxillofacial fracture repairs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:985, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
32. Lewis JR, Miller BR: Dentistry and oral surgery. In Bassert JM, McCurnin DM, editors: McCurnin’s clinical textbook for veterinary technicians, ed 7, St Louis, 2010, Saunders, p 1093.
33. Lewis JR, Okuda A, Pachtinger G, et al: Significant association between tooth extrusion and tooth resorption in domestic cats. J Vet Dent 25:86, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
34. Lewis JR, Reiter AM: Management of generalized gingival enlargement in a dog—case report and review of the literature. J Vet Dent 22:160, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
35. Lewis JR, Tsugawa AJ, Reiter AM: Use of CO2 laser as an adjunctive treatment for caudal stomatitis in a cat. J Vet Dent 24:240, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
36. Lommer MJ, Verstraete FJ: Concurrent oral shedding of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 18:131, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
37. Luskin IR: Three-quarter crown preparation. J Vet Dent 18:102, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
38. Lyon KF: Endodontic therapy in the veterinary patient. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1203, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
39. Lyon KF: Gingivostomatitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:891, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
40. Muir P, Gengler WR: Interdental acrylic stabilisation of canine tooth root and mandibular fractures in a dog. Vet Rec 145:43, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
41. Mulligan TW, Aller MS, Williams CA: Atlas of canine and feline dental radiography, ed 1, Trenton, 1998, Veterinary Learning Systems.
42. Niemiec BA: Dental radiographic interpretation. J Vet Dent 22:52, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
43. Niemiec BA: Fundamentals of endodontics. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:837, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
44. Niemiec BA: Digital dental radiography. J Vet Dent 24:192, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
45. Niemiec BA, Furman R: Canine dental radiography. J Vet Dent 21:186, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
46. Niemiec BA, Furman R: Feline dental radiography. J Vet Dent 21:252, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
47. Niemiec BA, Gilbert T, Sabatino D: Equipment and basic geometry of dental radiography. J Vet Dent 21:48, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
48. Niemiec BA, Mulligan TW: Vital pulp therapy. J Vet Dent 18:154, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
49. Niemiec BA, Sabatino D, Gilbert T: Developing dental radiographs. J Vet Dent 21:116, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
50. Pavlica Z, Petelin M, Juntes P, et al: Periodontal disease burden and pathological changes in organs of dogs. J Vet Dent 25:97, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
51. Quimby JM, Elston T, Hawley J, et al: Evaluation of the association of Bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. J Feline Med Surg 10:66, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
52. Rawlinson JE, Reiter AM: Repair of a gingival cleft associated with a maxillary canine tooth in a dog. J Vet Dent 22:234, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
53. Ray JD, Eubanks DL: Dental homecare: teaching your clients to care for their pet’s teeth. J Vet Dent 26:57, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
54. Reiter AM: Dental surgical procedures. In Tutt C, Deeprose J, Crossley D, editors: BSAVA manual of canine and feline dentistry, ed 3, Gloucester, 2007, BSAVA, p 178.
55. Reiter AM, Harvey CE: Periodontal and endodontic disease. In Bojrab MJ, Monnet E, editors. Mechanisms of disease in small animal surgery, ed 3, Jackson, WY, 2010, Teton New Media, p 125.
56. Reiter AM, Lewis JR, Rawlinson JE, et al: A case series study on hemisection of carnassial teeth in client-owned dogs. J Vet Dent 22:216, 2005.
57. Reiter AM, Lewis JR, Okuda A: Update on the etiology of tooth resorption in domestic cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:913, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
58. Reiter AM, Lyon KF, Nachreiner RF, et al: Evaluation of calciotropic hormones in cats with odontoclastic resorptive lesions. Am J Vet Res 66:1446, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
59. Reiter AM, Mendoza K: Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions: an unsolved enigma in veterinary dentistry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:791, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
60. Reiter AM, Smith MM: The oral cavity and oropharynx. In Brockman DJ, Holt DE, editors: BSAVA manual of canine and feline head, neck and thoracic surgery, Gloucester, 2005, BSAVA, p 25.
61. Rochette J: Regional anesthesia and analgesia for oral and dental procedures. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:1041, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
62. Roudebush P, Logan E, Hale FA: Evidence-based veterinary dentistry: a systematic review of homecare for prevention of periodontal disease in dogs and cats. J Vet Dent 22:6, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
63. Schloss AJ, Marretta SM: Prognostic factors affecting teeth in the line of mandibular fractures. J Vet Dent 7:7, 1990.
64. Smith MM: Exodontics. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1297, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
65. Smith MM: Oronasal fistula repair. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15:243, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
66. Southerden P, Gorrel C: Treatment of a case of refractory feline chronic gingivostomatitis with feline recombinant interferon omega. J Small Anim Pract 48:104, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
67. Takei HH, Carranza FA: Gingival surgical techniques. In Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, editors: Carranza’s clinical periodontology, ed 10, St Louis, 2006, Saunders, p 909.
68. Visser CJ: Restorative dentistry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1273, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
69. Withrow SJ: Taping of the mandible in treatment of mandibular fractures. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:27, 1981.
Chapter 67: Mandible and Maxillofacial Fractures
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37. Ewers R, Härle F: Experimental and clinical results of new advances in the treatment of facial trauma. Plast Reconstr Surg 75:25, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
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49. Gruss JS: Complex craniomaxillofacial trauma: evolving concepts in management. A trauma unit’s experience— 1989 Fraser B. Gurd Lecture. J Trauma 30:377, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
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59. Kern DA, Smith MM, Stevenson S, et al: Evaluation of three fixation techniques for repair of mandibular fractures in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:1883, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
60. Kirker-Head CA, Boudrieau RJ, Kraus KH: Use of bone morphogenetic proteins for augmentation of bone regeneration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1039, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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62. Lewis JR, Boudrieau RJ, Seeherman H, et al: Mandibular reconstruction after gunshot trauma in a dog using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:1598, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 68: Arthritis
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342. Webb AA, Taylor SM, Muir GD: Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs with noninfectious, nonerosive, idiopathic, immune-mediated polyarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 16:269, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
343. Weisman DL, Olmstead ML, Kowalski JJ: In vitro evaluation of antibiotic elution from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and mechanical assessment of antibiotic-PMMA composites. Vet Surg 29:245, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
344. White SD, Rosychuk RAW, Schur PH: Investigation of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:1019, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
345. Whitehair JG, Vasseur PB, Willits NH: Epidemiology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:1016, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
346. Whittem TL, Johnson AL, Smith CW, et al: Effect of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial treatment in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:212, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
347. Wilbe M, Jokinen P, Hermanrud C, et al: MHC class II polymorphism is associated with a canine SLE-related disease complex. Immunogenetics 61:557, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
348. Wilbe M, Jokinen P, Truve K, et al: Genome-wide association mapping identifies multiple loci for a canine SLE-related disease complex. Nat Genet 42:250, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
349. Wilbe M, Jokinen P, Truve K, et al: Genome-wide association mapping identifies multiple loci for a canine SLE-related disease complex. Nat Genet 42:250, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
350. Wilke VL, Zhang S, Evans RB, et al: Identification of chromosomal regions associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture in a population of Newfoundlands. Am J Vet Res 70:1013, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
351. Wilson MG, Michet CJ, Ilstrup DM, et al: Idiopathic symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: a population-based incidence study. Mayo Clin Proc 65:1214, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
352. Wolschrijn CF, Meyer HP, Hazewinkel HAW, et al: Destructive polyarthritis in a dog with leishmaniasis. J Small Anim Pract 37:601, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
353. Wong M, Ziring D, Korin Y, et al: TNF alpha blockade in human diseases: mechanisms and future directions. Clin Immunol 126:121, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
354. Woodard JC, Riser WH, Bloomberg MS, et al: Erosive polyarthritis in two greyhounds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:873, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
355. Xie WL, Chipman JG, Robertson DL, et al: Expression of a mitogen-responsive gene encoding prostaglandin synthase is regulated by messenger-RNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2692, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
356. Yamaguchi RA, French TW, Simpson CF, et al: Leishmania-Donovani in the synovial-fluid of a dog with visceral leishmaniasis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:723, 1983.
357. Zainal Z, Longman AJ, Hurst S, et al: Relative efficacies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing expression of key proteins in a model system for studying osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17:896, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
358. Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW, et al: OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Part III. Changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 18:476, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
359. Zhu L, Zhang Z, Feng F, et al: Single nucleotide polymorphisms refine QTL intervals for hip joint laxity in dogs. Anim Genet 39:141, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
360. Zhu L, Zhang ZW, Friedenberg S, et al: The long (and winding) road to gene discovery for canine hip dysplasia. Vet J 181:97, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 69: Miscellaneous Orthopedic Conditions
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156. Online mendelian inheritance in animals (OMIA), Reprogen, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, World Wide Web. Available at: . Accessed May 10, 2010.
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159. Owen LN, Bostock DE: Multiple cartilaginous exostoses with development of a metastasizing osteosarcoma in a Shetland Sheepdog. J Small Anim Pract 12:507, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
160. Padgett GA, Mostosky UV: Animal model: the mode of inheritance of craniomandibular osteopathy in West Highland White terriers. Am J Med Genet 25:9, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
161. Pederson NC: Surgical correction of a congenital defect of the radius and ulna of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153:1328, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
162. PennGen. Breeds by disease (website). Available at: . Accessed May 10, 2010.
163. Pernell RT, Dunstan RW, DeCamp CE: Aneurysmal bone cyst in a six-month-old dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1897, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
164. Pidduck H, Webbon PM: The genetic control of Perthes’ disease in toy poodles, a working hypothesis. J Small Anim Pract 12:729, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
165. Pool RR, Leighton RL: Craniomandibular osteopathy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 154:657, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
166. Pool RR, Carrig CB: Multiple exostoses in a cat. Vet Pathol 9:350, 1972.
167. Queen J, Bennett D, Carmichael S, et al: Femoral neck metaphyseal osteopathy in the cat. Vet Rec 142:159, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
168. Ragetly GR, Griffon DJ, Johnson AL, et al: Bilateral iliopsoas muscle contracture and spinous process impingement in a German Shepherd Dog. Vet Surg 38:946, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
169. Rahel SC, Volpi RS, Ciani RB, et al: Use of the Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of radial hemimelia in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:65, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
170. Rasmussen PG: Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in a litter of Beagle puppies. J Small Anim Pract 12:91, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
171. Rendano VT, Slauson DO: Hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog with prostatic adenocarcinoma and without thoracic metastasis. J Am Anim Hosp 18:905, 1982.
172. Renegar WR, Thornburg LP, Burk RL, et al: Aneurysmal bone cyst in a dog: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp 15:191, 1979.
173. Resnick D, Shaul SR, Robins JM: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): Forestier’s disease with extraspinal manifestations. Radiology 115:513, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
174. Resnick D, Niwayama G: Radiographic and pathologic features of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Radiology 119:559, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
175. Resnick D, Niwayama G: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): ankylosing hyperostosis of Forestier and Rotes-Querol. In Resnick D, Niwayama G, editors: Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders, Philadelphia, 1981, WB Saunders, p 1563.
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177. Richardson DC: Radial agenesis. J Vet Orthop 1:39, 1979.
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180. Rimoin DL, Horton WA: Short stature—part 1. J Pediatr 92:523, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
181. Riser WH: Radiographic differential diagnosis of skeletal diseases of young dogs. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 5:15, 1964.
182. Riser WH, Shirer JF: Normal and abnormal growth of the distal foreleg in large and giant dogs. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 6:50, 1965.
183. Riser WH, Parkes LJ, Shirer JF: Canine craniomandibular osteopathy. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 8:23, 1967.
184. Riser WH, Haskins ME, Jezyk PF, et al: Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia in miniature poodles: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:335, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
185. Riser WH, Newton CD: Craniomandibular osteopathy. In Newton CD, Numamaker DM, editors: Textbook of small animal orthopedics, Philadelphia, 1985, JB Lippincott.
186. Roberg J: Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. Feline Pract 7:18, 1977.
187. Robinson R: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in dogs: genetic aetiology. J Small Anim Pract 33:275, 1992.
188. Rorvik AM, Teige J, Ottesen N, et al: Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic abnormalities in dogs with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: 19 cases (1991–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:600, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
189. Rossmeisl JH, Rohleder JJ, Hancock R, et al: Computed tomographic features of suspected traumatic injury to the iliopsoas and pelvic limb musculature of a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:388, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
190. Sande RD, Alexander JE, Spencer GR, et al: Dwarfism in Alaskan malamutes: a disease resembling metaphyseal dysplasia in human beings. Am J Pathol 106:224, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
191. Sande RD, Bingel SA: Animal models of dwarfism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 13:71, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
192. Sande RD, Alexander JE, Pluhar GE, et al: Achondrogenesis in an Akita: a spontaneous mutation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:245, 1994.
193. Schawalder P, Jutzi K, Andres HU, et al: Canine panosteitis, an idiopathic bone disease investigated in the light of a new hypothesis concerning pathogenesis. Part one: clinical and diagnostic aspects. Schweiz Arch Teirheilkd 144:115, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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195. Schoenmaker I: Modulation of calcium regulation by excessive calcium intake in dogs: studies during different stages of development (PhD thesis), Utrecht, 1998, Rijksuniversiteit, p 9.
196. Schoenmaker I, Hazeinkel HA, Voorhout G, et al: Effects of diets with different calcium and phosphorus contents on the skeletal development and blood chemistry of growing Great Danes. Vet Rec 147:652, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
197. Schrader SC, Burk RL, Liu S: Bone cysts in two dogs and a review of similar cystic bone lesions in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:490, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
198. Schuchman EH, Toroyan TK, Haskins ME, et al: Characterization of the defective beta-glucuronidase activity in canine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Enzyme 42:174, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
199. Schulz KS, Payne JT, Aronson E: Escherichia coli bacteremia associated with hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1170, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
200. Schulz S: A case of craniomandibular osteopathy in a Boxer. J Small Anim Pract 19:749, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
201. Schultz VA, Watson AG: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra and thoracic limb malformations in a Chihuahua puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:101, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
202. Scott HW, McLughlin R: Micellaneous orthopedic disorders. In Feline orthopedics, London, 2007, Manson Publishing, p 335.
203. Searle AG: Hereditary “split-hand” in the domestic cat. Ann Eugenet 17:279, 1953.
204. Shire PK, Hulse DA, Kearney MT: Carpal hyperextension in two-month-old pups. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:49, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
205. Shively M: First metacarpal bone or proximal phalanx. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 19:50, 1978.
206. Shull RM, Munger RJ, Spellacy E, et al: Canine alpha-l-iduronidase deficiency: a model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. Am J Pathol 109:244, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
207. Spellacy E, Shull RM, Constantopoulos G, et al: A canine model of human alpha-l-iduronidase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80:6091, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
208. Stead AC, Stead MC, Galloway FH. Panosteitis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 24:623, 1983.
209. Steis J, Braund K, Wright J, et al: Coccygeal muscle injury in English Pointers (Limber Tail). J Vet Intern Med 13:540, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
210. Stepnik MW, Olby N, Thompson RR, et al: Femoral neuropathy in a dog with iliopsoas muscle injury. Vet Surg 35:186, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
211. Stogdale L: Foreleg lameness in rapidly growing dogs. J S Afr Vet Assoc 50:193, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
212. Subden RE, Fletch SM, Smart MA, et al: Genetics of the Alaskan Malamute chondrodysplasia syndrome. J Heredity 63:149, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
213. Swalley J, Swalley M: Agenesis of the radius in a kitten. Feline Pract 8:25, 1978.
214. Swanson AB: A classification of congenital limb malformations. J Hand Surg 1:8, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
215. Susaneck SJ, Macy DW: Hypertrophic osteopathy. Compend Contin Educ 4:689, 1982.
216. Suter PF: Swimmers, flat pup syndrome. In Suter PF, editor: Thoracic radiology: a text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat, Witzerland, 1984, Wettsil, p 164.
217. Taylor SM, Remedios A: Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Shetland sheepdog. Can Vet J 36:437, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
218. Towle HA, Breur GJ: Dysostoses of the canine and feline appendicular skeleton. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1685, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
219. Towle HA, Friedlander K, Ko R, et al: Surgical treatment of simple syndactylism with secondary deep digital flexor tendon contracture in a Basset Hound. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:219, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
220. Towle HA, Blevins WE, Tuer LR, et al: Syndactyly in a litter of cats. J Small Anim Pract 48:292, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
221. Trangerud C, Sande RD, Rorvik AM, et al: A new type of radiographic bone remodeling in the distal radial and ulnar metaphysis in 54 Newfoundland dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:108, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
222. Trangerud C, Grondalen J, Ytrehus B: Bone dysplasia in the radial and ulnar metaphysis of a Newfoundland dog. Vet Pathol 45:197, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
223. Trostel CT, Pool RR, McLaughlin RM: Canine lameness caused by developmental orthopedic diseases: panosteitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Compend Contin Educ 25:282, 2003.
224. Tryfonidou MA: Involvement of vitamin D3 metabolism in homeostasis and skeletal development in growing dogs (PhD thesis), Utrecht, 2002, Rijksuniversiteit, p 7.
225. Tryfonidou MA, Holl MS, Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis MA, et al: Growth hormone modulates cholecalciferol metabolism with moderate effects on intestinal mineral absorption and specific effects on bone formation in growing dogs raised on balanced food. Domest Anim Endocrinol 25:155, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
226. VanSickle DC: Canine panosteitis, a skeletal disease of unknown etiology. Presented at 4th Kal Can Symposium, October 11–12, 1980.
227. Vasseur PB, Foley P, Stevenson S, et al: Mode of inheritance of Perthes’ disease in Manchester terriers. Clin Orthop Relat Res 244:281, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
228. Vaughan IC: Flexural deformity of the carpus in puppies. J Small Anim Pract 33:381, 1992.
229. Verhoeven G, DeRooster H, Risselada M, et al: Swimmer syndrome in a Devon rex kitten and an English bulldog puppy. J Small Anim Pract 47:615, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
230. Vidoni B, Henninger W, Lorinson D, et al: Traumatic avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:105, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
231. Villagomez DF, Alonso RA: A distinct Mendelian autosomal recessive syndrome involving the association of anotia, palate agenesis, bifid tongue, and polydactyly in the dog. Can Vet J 39:642, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
232. Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HA: A radiographic study on the development of the antebrachium in Great Dane pups on different calcium intakes. Vet Radiol 28:152, 1987.
233. Wallin B: Perthes sjukdom hos West Highland White Terrier, an genetisk studie. Svensk-Veterinartidning 38:114, 1986.
234. Warren DV, Dingwall JS: Legg-Perthes disease in the dog—a review. Can Vet J 13:135, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
235. Watkins JD, Bradley R: Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Labrador puppy. Vet Rec 79:262, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
236. Watson AF, Blair RC, Farrow BH, et al: Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in the dog. Aust Vet J 49:433, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
237. Watson AD, Miller JA, Allen GS, et al: Osteochondrodysplasias in Bull Terrier littermates. J Small Anim Pract 32:312, 1991.
238. Watson AJ, Adams WM, Thomas CB: Craniomandibular osteopathy in dogs. Compend Contin Educ 17:911, 1995.
239. Werner T, McNicholas T, Kim J, et al: Aplastic articular facets in a dog with intervertebral disk rupture of the 12th to 13th thoracic vertebral space. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:490, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
240. Whitbread TJ, Gill JJ, Lewis DJ: An inherited enchondrodystrophy in the English Pointer dog: a new disease. J Small Anim Pract 24:399, 1983.
241. White EG: Osteoarthropathy in dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 101:202, 1942.
242. Wilkens S: Pathologisch-anatomische und Histologischen Untersuchungen Zur Pathogenese der Enostose der langen Röhrenknochen bei Hunden gro↓wüchsiger Rassen (Thesis), Berlin, Germany, 1987, Freien Universität Berlin, p 5.
243. Woodward JC: Canine hypertrophic osteodystrophy, a study of the spontaneous disease in littermates. Vet Pathol 19:337, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
244. Woodard JC, Poulos PW, Parker RB, et al: Canine diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Vet Pathol 22:317, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
245. Wright JA: A study of vertebral osteophyte formation in the canine spine. I. Spinal survey. J Small Anim Pract 23:697, 1982.
246. Wylie KB, Lewis DD, Pechman RD, et al: Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum pneumonia in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:1986, 1992.
247. Yaghmai I, Shamsa AZ, Shariat S, et al: Value of arteriography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant bone lesions. Cancer 27:1134, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
248. Ytrehus B, Carlson CS, Ekman S: Etiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. Vet Pathol 44:429, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 70: Muscle and Tendon Disorders
[pic]
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20. Dueland R, Quentin J: Triceps tenotomy: biomechanical assessment of healing strength. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 16:507, 1980.
21. Dueland RT, Wagner SD, Parker RB: von Willebrand heterotrophic osteochondrofibrosis in Doberman pinschers: 5 cases (1980–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 197:383, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
22. Eaton-Wells R: Surgical repair of acute gracilis muscle rupture in the racing greyhound. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 5:18, 1992.
23. Elliott DH: The biochemical properties of tendon in relation to muscular strength. Ann Phys Med 9:1, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
24. Ferguson RG: The treatment of soft tissue injuries in the racing greyhound. In Proceedings, Refresher Course on Greyhounds, Australia, 1989, University of Sydney, p 103.
25. Fitch RB, Jaffe MH, Montgomery RD: Muscle injuries in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 19:947, 1997.
26. Franch J, Bertran J, Remolins G: Simultaneous bilateral contracture of the infraspinatus muscle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:249, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
27. Garrett WE, Seaber AV, Boswick J, et al: Recovery of skeletal muscle after laceration and repair. J Hand Surg Am 9:683, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
28. Garrett WE: Injuries to the muscle-tendon unit. Instr Course Lect 37:275, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
29. Garrett WE, Nikolaou PK, Ribbeck BM, et al: The effect of muscle architecture on the biomechanical failure properties of skeletal muscle under passive tension. Am Orthop Soc Sports Med 16:7, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
30. Gilley RS, Wallace LJ, Hayden DW: Clinical and pathologic analyses of bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 63:402, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
31. Goring RL, Parker RB, Dee L: Medial displacement of the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii in the racing greyhound. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:933, 1984.
32. Hill FWG: Muscle injuries, their extent and therapy in the racing greyhound. In Proceedings, Referesher Course on Greyhounds, Australia, 1977, University of Sydney, p 298.
33. Hirsch G: Tensile properties during tendon healing. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 153:1, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
34. Imamura ST, Fischer AA, Imamura M, et al: Pain management using myofascial approach when other treatment failed. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 8:179, 1997.
35. Johnson JA, Austin C, Breur GJ: Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 through 1989. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 7:56, 1994.
36. Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE: Clinical perspectives regarding eccentric muscle injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res (403 Suppl):S81, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
37. Krackow KA, Thomas SC, Jones LC: A new stitch for ligament-tendon fixation: a brief note. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68:764, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
38. Lammerding JJ, Noser GA, Brinker WO: Avulsion fracture of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in 3 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:764, 1976.
39. Leighton RL: Muscle contractures in the limbs of dogs and cats. Vet Surg 10:132, 1981.
40. Lincoln ID, Potter K: Tenosynovitis of the biceps brachii tendon in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:385, 1984.
41. Liptak JM, Simpson DJ: Successful management of quadriceps contracture in a cat using a dynamic flexion apparatus. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 13:44, 2000.
42. Liu SK, Dorfman HD: A condition resembling human localizes myositis ossificans in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 17:377, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
43. Lobetti RG, Hill TP: Sartorious muscle contracture in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 65:28, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
44. Montgomery RD: Healing of muscle, ligaments and tendons. Semin Vet Med 4:304, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
45. Montgomery R, Fitch R: Muscle and tendon disorders. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 2264.
46. Morgan RV, Bright RM, Swartout MS: In Kersey RR, LeMelledo D, editors: Handbook of small animal practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 810.
47. Nielsen G, Pluhar GE: Diagnosis and treatment of hind limb muscle strain injuries in 22 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:247, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
48. Nikollau PK, McDonald BL, Glisson R, et al: Biochemical and histological evaluation of muscle after controlled strain injury. Am J Sports Med 15:9, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
49. Obremsky WT, Seaber AV, Ribbeck BM: Biomechanical and histological assessment of a controlled muscle strain injury treated with Piroxicam. Am Orthop Soc Sports Med 22:558, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
50. Peacock EE, Van Winkle WV: Surgery and the biology of wound repair, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1976, WB Saunders.
51. Pettazoni M, Mortellaro CM: Flexural deformity in a Dalmatian puppy: a case report and review of literature. Veterinario 14:33, 2000.
52. Pond MJ: Avulsion of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in the dog: a report of 4 cases. J Small Anim Pract 14:785, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
53. Schaaf OR, Eaton-Wells R, Mitchell RAS: Biceps brachii and brachialis tendon of insertion injuries in eleven racing greyhounds. Vet Surg 38:825, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
54. Steiss JE: Muscle disorders and rehabilitation in canine athletes. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32:267, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
55. Stobie D, Wallace LJ, Lipowitz AJ, et al: Chronic bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs: 29 cases (1985–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:201, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
56. Taylor RA: Surgical diseases of skeletal muscle. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Lea & Febiger, p 1083.
57. Taylor DC, Dalton JD, Seaber AV, et al: Experimental muscle strain injury: early functional and structural deficits and increased risk for re-injury. Am Orthop Soc Sports Med 21:190, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
58. Taylor J, Tangner CH: Acquired muscle contractures in the dog and cat: a review of the literature and case report. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:79, 1997.
59. Tomlinson J, Moore R: Locking loop tendon suture use in repair of five calcaneal tendons. Vet Surg 11:105, 1982.
60. Vaughan L: Muscle and tendon injuries in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 20:711, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
61. Vaughan LC: Flexural deformity of the carpus in puppies. J Small Anim Pract 33:381, 1992.
Chapter 71: Arthroscopy
[pic]
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2. Beale BS, Hulse DA, Schulz KS, et al: Small animal arthroscopy, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders.
3. Bertrand SG, Lewis DD, Madison JB, et al: Arthroscopic examination and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle of six dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:451, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
4. Bevan JM, Taylor RA: Arthroscopic release of the medial femoropatellar ligament for canine medial patellar luxation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:321, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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12. Fitzpatrick N, Smith TJ, Evans RB, et al: Radiographic and arthroscopic findings in the elbow joints of 263 dogs with medial coronoid disease. Vet Surg 38:213, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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14. Gemmill TJ, Farrell M: Evaluation of a joint distractor to facilitate arthroscopy of the canine stifle. Vet Surg 38:588, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
15. Gielen I, van Bree H, Van Ryssen B, et al: Radiographic, computed tomographic and arthroscopic findings in 23 dogs with osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint. Vet Rec 150:442, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
16. Hoelzler MG, Millis DL, Francis DA, et al: Results of arthroscopic versus open arthrotomy for surgical management of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. Vet Surg 33:146, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
17. Holsworth IG, Schulz KS, Kass PH, et al: Comparison of arthroscopic and radiographic abnormalities in the hip joints of juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:1087, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
18. Lu Y, Edwards RB, 3rd, Nho S, et al: Thermal chondroplasty with bipolar and monopolar radiofrequency energy: effect of treatment time on chondrocyte death and surface contouring. Arthroscopy 18:779, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
19. Lu Y, Meyer ML, Bogdanske JJ, et al: The effects of radiofrequency energy probe speed and application force on chondrocyte viability. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:34, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
20. Luther JF, Cook JL, Stoll MR: Arthroscopic exploration and biopsy for diagnosis of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the coxofemoral joint in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 18:47, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
21. Millder J, Beale B: Tibiotarsal arthroscopy: applications and long-term outcome in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:159, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Minas T, Neher S: Current concepts in the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Orthopedics 20:525, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
23. Olivieri M, Ciliberto E, Hulse DA, et al: Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder in 126 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:65, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
24. O’Neill T, Innes JF: Treatment of shoulder instability caused by medial glenohumeral ligament rupture with thermal capsulorrhaphy. J Small Anim Pract 45:521, 2004.
25. Person MW: Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the canine shoulder. Vet Surg 18:175, 1998.
26. Pettitt RA, Innes JF: Arthroscopic management of a lateral glenohumeral ligament rupture in two dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:302, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
27. Pozzi A, Hildreth BE, Rajala-Schultz PJ: Comparison of arthroscopy and arthrotomy for diagnosis of medial meniscal pathology: an ex vivo study. Vet Surg 37:749, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
28. Punke JP, Hulse DA, Kerwin SC, et al: Arthroscopic documentation of elbow cartilage pathology in dogs with clinical lameness without changes on standard radiographic projections. Vet Surg 38:209, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
29. Reagan BF, McInerny VK, Treadwell BV, et al: Irrigating solutions for arthroscopy: a metabolic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65:629, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
30. Scherrer W, Holsworth IG, Goossens MM, Schulz KS: Coxofemoral arthroscopy and total hip arthroplasty for management of intermediate grade fibrosarcoma in a dog. Vet Surg 34:43, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
31. Schulz KS, Holsworth IG, Hornof WJ: Self-retaining braces for canine arthroscopy. Vet Surg 33:77, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
32. Shinjo H, Nakata K, Shino K, et al: Effect of irrigation solutions for arthroscopic surgery on intraarticular tissue: comparison in human meniscus-derived primary cell culture between lactate Ringer’s solution and saline solution. J Orthop Res 20:1305, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
33. Siemering GH: Arthroscopy of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 172:575, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
34. Steadman JR, Briggs KK, Rodrigo JJ, et al: Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 19:477, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
35. Tuijthof GJ, Dusée L, Herder JL, et al: Behavior of arthroscopic irrigation systems. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 13:238, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
36. Van Ryssen B, van Bree H: Arthroscopic findings in 100 dogs with elbow lameness. Vet Rec 140:360, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
37. Wall CR, Taylor R: Arthroscopic biceps brachii tenotomy as a treatment for canine bicipital tenosynovitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:169, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
38. Warnock JJ, Beale BS: Arthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal joint in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:867, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
39. Yang CY, Cheng SC, Shen CL: Effect of irrigation fluids on the articular cartilage: a scanning electron microscope study. Arthroscopy 9:425, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 72: Musculoskeletal Neoplasia and Limb-Sparing Surgery
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28. Fan TM, Charney SC, de Lorimier LP, et al: Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant pamidronate with palliative radiotherapy and intravenous doxorubicin for canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain. J Vet Intern Med 23:152, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
29. Fan TM, de Lorimier LP, O’Dell-Anderson K, et al: Single-agent pamidronate for palliative therapy of canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain. J Vet Intern Med 21:431, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
30. Farese JP, personal communication, 2010.
31. Farese JP, Kirpensteijn J, Kik M, et al: Biologic behavior and clinical outcome of 25 dogs with canine appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by amputation: a Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study. Vet Surg 38:914, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
32. Farese JP, Milner R, Thompson MS, et al: Stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of osteosarcomas involving the distal portions of the limbs in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1567, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
33. Fitzpatrick N, Ash K: Novel modular limb salvage endoprostheses for treatment of primary appendicular tumors in dogs. (abstract) Vet Surg 39 Suppl 1:E35, 2010.
34. Fowler D: Distal limb and paw injuries. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36:819, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
35. Fowler D: Personal communication, 2010.
36. Fox DB, Cook JL, Kreeger JM, et al: Canine synovial sarcoma: a retrospective assessment of described prognostic criteria in 16 cases (1994–1999). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:347, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
37. Fry PD, Jukes HF: Fracture associated sarcoma in the cat. J Small Anim Pract 36:124, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
38. Fulmer AK, Mauldin GE: Canine histiocytic neoplasia: an overview. Can Vet J 48:1041, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Ginel PJ, Martin de las Mulas J, Lucena R, et al: Skeletal muscle rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog. Vet Rec 151:736, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
40. Gottfried SD, Popovitch CA, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Metastatic digital carcinoma in the cat: a retrospective study of 36 cats (1992–1998). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:501, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
41. Hammer AS, Weeren FR, Weisbrode SE, et al: Prognostic factors in dogs with osteosarcomas of the flat or irregular bones. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:321, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
42. Heldmann E, Anderson MA, Wagner-Mann C: Feline osteosarcoma: 145 cases (1990–1995). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:518, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
43. Henry CJ, Brewer WG, Jr, Whitley EM, et al: Canine digital tumors: a veterinary cooperative oncology group retrospective study of 64 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 19:720, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
44. Heyman SJ, Diefenderfer DL, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Canine axial skeletal osteosarcoma: a retrospective study of 116 cases (1986 to 1989). Vet Surg 21:304, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
45. Hillers KR, Dernell WS, Lafferty MH, et al: Incidence and prognostic importance of lymph node metastases in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 228 cases (1986–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1364, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
46. Jankowski MK, Steyn PF, Lana SE, et al: Nuclear scanning with 99mTc-HDP for the initial evaluation of osseous metastasis in canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 1:152, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
47. Jehn CT, Lewis DD, Farese JP, et al: Transverse ulnar bone transport osteogenesis: a new technique for limb salvage for the treatment of distal radial osteosarcoma in dogs. Vet Surg 36:324, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
48. Kent MS, Strom A, London CA, et al: Alternating carboplatin and doxorubicin as adjunctive chemotherapy to amputation or limb-sparing surgery in the treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 18:540, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
49. Kirpensteijn J, Steinheimer D, Park RD, et al: Comparison of cemented and non-cemented allografts in dogs with osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 11:178, 1998.
50. Kirpensteijn J, Straw RC, Pardo AD, et al: Partial and total scapulectomy in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:313, 1994.
51. Klahn S, Dervisis N, Kitchell B: A retrospective analysis of 19 cases of periarticular histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: 2004–2008 (abstract). Vet Comp Oncol 8:170, 2010.
52. Kramer A, Walsh PJ, Seguin B: Hemipelvectomy in dogs and cats: technique overview, variations, and description. Vet Surg 37:413, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
53. Kuntz C: Personal communication, 2010.
54. Kuntz CA, Asselin TL, Dernell WS, et al: Limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus: outcome in 17 dogs. Vet Surg 27:417, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
55. LaRue SM, Withrow SJ, Powers BE, et al: Limb-sparing treatment for osteosarcoma in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1734, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
56. Lascelles BD, Dernell WS, Correa MT, et al: Improved survival associated with postoperative wound infection in dogs treated with limb-salvage surgery for osteosarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 12:1073, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
57. Leibman NF, Kuntz CA, Steyn PF, et al: Accuracy of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and histopathology for determining the proximal extent of distal radius osteosarcoma in dogs. Vet Surg 30:240, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
58. Limb-sparing surgery, 2008, CD-ROM, ACVS Symposium, 2008 Limb Sparing Laboratory.
59. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Ehrhart N, et al: Cortical allograft and endoprosthesis for limb-sparing surgery in dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma: a prospective clinical comparison of two different limb-sparing techniques. Vet Surg 35:518, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
60. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Lascelles BD, et al: Intraoperative extracorporeal irradiation for in 13 dogs. Vet Surg 33:446, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
61. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Rizzo SA, et al: Partial foot amputation in 11 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:47, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
62. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Straw RC, et al: Intercalary bone grafts for joint and limb preservation in 17 dogs with high-grade malignant tumors of the diaphysis. Vet Surg 33:457, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
63. Liptak JM, Ehrhart N, Santoni BG, et al: Cortical bone graft and endoprosthesis in the distal radius of dogs: a biomechanical comparison of two different limb-sparing techniques. Vet Surg 35:150, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
64. Liptak JM, Forrest LJ: Soft tissue sarcomas. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow & MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, p 425.
65. Marino DJ, Matthiesen DT, Stefanacci JD, et al: Evaluation of dogs with digit masses: 117 cases (1981–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:726, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
66. Massari F, Romanelli G: Limb sparing for distal ulnar osteosarcoma with ulnectomy and carpal panarthrodesis: 5 cases. Nantes, France, July 2–4, 2009, ECVS.
67. Mauldin GN, Matus RE, Withrow SJ, et al: Canine osteosarcoma: treatment by amputation versus amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy using doxorubicin and cisplatin. J Vet Intern Med 2:177, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
68. McEntee MC, Page RL, Mauldin GN, et al: Results of irradiation of infiltrative lipoma in 13 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:554, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
69. McEntee MC, Thrall DE: Computed tomographic imaging of infiltrative lipoma in 22 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:221, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
70. McNeill CJ, Overley B, Shofer FS, et al: Characterization of the biological behaviour of appendicular osteosarcoma in Rottweilers and a comparison with other breeds: a review of 258 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 5:90, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
71. Morello E, Vasconi E, Martano M, et al: Pasteurized tumoral autograft and adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of canine distal radial osteosarcoma: 13 cases. Vet Surg 32:539, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
72. Nemanic S, London CA, Wisner ER: Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 20:508, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
73. Norton C, Drenen CM, Emms SG: Subtotal scapulectomy as the treatment for scapular tumour in the dog: a report of six cases. Aust Vet J 84:364, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
74. Novello L, Carobbi B, Bacon NJ, et al: Hypobaric intrathecal anaesthesia for partial hemipelvectomy in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 21:89, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
75. O’Brien MG, Berg J, Engler SJ: Treatment by digital amputation of subungual squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 21 cases (1987–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:759, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
76. Phillips B, Powers BE, Dernell WS, et al: Use of single-agent carboplatin as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy in conjunction with amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 45:33, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
77. Picci P, Vanel D, Briccoli A, et al: Computed tomography of pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma: the less poor technique. A study of 51 patients with histological correlation. Ann Oncol 12:1601, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
78. Pooya HA, Seguin B, Mason DR, et al: Biomechanical comparison of cortical radial graft versus ulnar transposition graft limb-sparing techniques for the distal radial site in dogs. Vet Surg 33:301, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
79. Powers BE, LaRue SM, Withrow SJ, et al: Jamshidi needle biopsy for diagnosis of bone lesions in small animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:205, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
80. Radke H, Spreng D, Sigrist N, et al: Acute compartment syndrome complicating an intramuscular haemangiosarcoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 47:281, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
81. Rosenberger JA, Pablo NV, Crawford PC: Prevalence of and intrinsic risk factors for appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 179 cases (1996–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1076, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
82. Rovesti GL, Bascucci M, Schmidt K, et al: Limb sparing using a double bone-transport technique for treatment of a distal tibial osteosarcoma in a dog. Vet Surg 31:70, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
83. Ru G, Terracini B, Glickman LT: Host related risk factors for canine osteosarcoma. Vet J 156:31, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
84. Seguin B, Walsh PJ, Mason DR, et al: Use of an ipsilateral vascularized ulnar transposition autograft for limb-sparing surgery of the distal radius in dogs: an anatomic and clinical study. Vet Surg 32:69, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
85. Shaw SC, Kent MS, Gordon IK, et al: Temporal changes in characteristics of injection-site sarcomas in cats: 392 cases (1990–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:376, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
86. Sinibaldi KR, Pugh J, Rosen H, et al: Osteomyelitis and neoplasia associated with use of the Jonas intramedullary splint in small animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:885, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
87. Sinibaldi K, Rosen H, Liu SK, et al: Tumors associated with metallic implants in animals. Clin Orthop Relat Res 118:257, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
88. Spodnick GJ, Berg J, Rand WM, et al: Prognosis for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone: 162 cases (1978–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:995, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
89. Stevenson S: Fracture-associated sarcomas. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 21:859, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
90. Straw M: What is your diagnosis? Fracture/implant-associated osteosarcoma following TPLO procedures. J Small Anim Pract 46:457, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
91. Straw RC, Cook NL, LaRue SM, et al: Radiographic bone surveys. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1458, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
92. Straw RC, Powers BE, Klausner J, et al: Canine mandibular osteosarcoma: 51 cases (1980–1992). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:257, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
93. Straw RC, Withrow SJ: Limb-sparing surgery versus amputation for dogs with bone tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 26:135, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
94. Straw RC, Withrow SJ, Powers BE: Partial or total hemipelvectomy in the management of sarcomas in nine dogs and two cats. Vet Surg 21:183, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
95. Thomas R, Wang HJ, Tsai PC, et al: Influence of genetic background on tumor karyotypes: evidence for breed-associated cytogenetic aberrations in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. Chromosome Res 17:365, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
96. Thompson JP, Fugent MJ: Evaluation of survival times after limb amputation, with and without subsequent administration of cisplatin, for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 30 cases (1979–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:531, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
97. Thomson MJ, Withrow SJ, Dernell WS, et al: Intermuscular lipomas of the thigh region in dogs: 11 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:165, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
98. Trout NJ, Pavletic MM, Kraus KH: Partial scapulectomy for management of sarcomas in three dogs and two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:585, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
99. Vail DM, Powers BE, Getzy DM, et al: Evaluation of prognostic factors for dogs with synovial sarcoma: 36 cases (1986–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1300, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
100. Vanel D, Henry-Amar M, Lumbroso J, et al: Pulmonary evaluation of patients with osteosarcoma: roles of standard radiography, tomography, CT, scintigraphy, and tomoscintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 143:519, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
101. Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology List-Serve: Personal communication, 2009.
102. Wallack ST, Wisner ER, Werner JA, et al: Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for estimating intramedullary osteosarcoma extent in pre-operative planning of canine limb-salvage procedures. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:432, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
103. Walter CU, Dernell WS, LaRue SM, et al: Curative-intent radiation therapy as a treatment modality for appendicular and axial osteosarcoma: a preliminary retrospective evaluation of 14 dogs with the disease. Vet Comp Oncol 3:1, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
104. Weinstein JI, Payne S, Poulson JM, et al: Use of force plate analysis to evaluate the efficacy of external beam radiation to alleviate osteosarcoma pain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:673, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
105. Weisbrode SE: Bone and joints. In McGavin MD, Zachary JF, editors: Pathologic basis of veterinary disease, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Mosby Elsevier.
106. Withrow SJ: Personal communication, 2007.
107. Withrow SJ, Liptak JM, Straw RC, et al: Biodegradable cisplatin polymer in limb-sparing surgery for canine osteosarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 11:705, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
108. Wobeser BK, Kidney BA, Powers BE, et al: Diagnoses and clinical outcomes associated with surgically amputated canine digits submitted to multiple veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Vet Pathol 44:355, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
109. Wobeser BK, Kidney BA, Powers BE, et al: Diagnoses and clinical outcomes associated with surgically amputated feline digits submitted to multiple veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Vet Pathol 44:362, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 73: Osteochondrosis
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Chapter 74: Gait Analysis
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46. Horstman CL, Conzemius MG, Evans R, Gordon WJ: Assessing the efficacy of perioperative oral carprofen after cranial cruciate surgery using noninvasive, objective pressure platform gait analysis. Vet Surg 33:286, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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