Chapter 11 - How Cells Reproduce

?Multiple Choice1.??HeLa cells have been used in research to?a.??identify cell structures.?b.??study sickle cell anemia.?c.??study the effects of hyperoxia on cells.?d.??study the mechanisms of cancer.?e.??study various lung diseases.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.1 Henrietta’s Immortal CellsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.1 - Examine the unique features and applications of HeLa cells.2.??The unique feature of HeLa cells that make them important for research is that they are?a.??identical to all other human cells.?b.??immortal cells and will grow in culture.?c.??limited in growth cycles.?d.??identical to stem cells.?e.??cannot propagate.ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.1 Henrietta’s Immortal CellsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.1 - Examine the unique features and applications of HeLa cells.3.??Which of the following results from mitosis??a.??a pair of unidentical twins?b.??a group of rooted plant cuttings from multiple plants?c.??the cells produced by the sexual reproduction of a single-celled organism?d.??two new descendent cells each with a full complement of identical DNA?e.??completely repaired DNA from damaged parental cellsANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.4.??Strictly speaking, mitosis?a.??divides the nucleus and doubles the chromosomal number.?b.??divides the cytoplasm and doubles the chromosomal number.?c.??divides the chromosomes within the nucleus.?d.??divides the nucleus and maintains the chromosomal number.?e.??maintains the structure of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.5.??Which of the following is associated with mitosis??a.?fertilization?b.??somatic cells?c.??sexual reproduction?d.??sperm and egg?e.??germ cellsANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.

?Figure 11.46.??In the depiction of the cell cycle in the figure above, what does step 2 represent??a.?a pair of homologous chromosomes in G1.?b.?two chromosomes in anaphase.?c.?a pair of duplicated homologous chromosomes in G2?d.?the entire genome of the organism.?e.?a chromosome in telophase.ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionPREFACE?NAME:??figure 11.4LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.7.??Homologous chromosomes have the:?a.??same length but differing genes.?b.??same shape but differing genes?c.??the same genes but differing shapes.?d.??same genes but differing lengths.?e.??same length, shape, and genes.ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.8.??Which process is absolutely necessary for asexual cellular reproduction to occur in eukaryotes??a.??prokaryotic fission?b.??mitosis?c.??meiosis?d.?doubling of chromosomal number? in descendent cells?e.??growth factor activationANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.9.??Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called ____ chromatids??a.??mother?b.??daughter?c.??sister?d.??programmed?e.??either mother or daughterANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.10.??The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is?a.??one.?b.??undetermined.?c.??half that of an unduplicated chromosome.?d.??two.?e.??four.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.11.??DNA replication occurs?a.??before mitosis.?b.??immediately before prophase of mitosis.?c.??during prophase of mitosis.?d.??during metaphase of mitosis.?e.??at any time during cell division.ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.12.??DNA is replicated during?a.??anaphase.?b.??metaphase.?c.??interphase.?d.??prophase.?e.??telophase.ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.13.??Chromosomes are copied during what stage of the cell cycle??a.??M?b.??D?c.??G1?d.??G2?e.??SANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.14.??The interval stage before the onset of DNA replication is called the?a.??G1 stage.?b.??G2 stage.?c.??M stage.?d.??S stage.?e.??G3 stage.ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.15.??Which of the following statements is TRUE??a.??Once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds.?b.??Cell division in an adult signifies cancer.?c.?Select cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves.??d.??Growth continues throughout the life of an adult human.?e.??All cells retain the ability to divide even after the organism reaches maturity.ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.?(page 187 in the text)16.??The accompanying figure reveals which of the following about the organism from which it was obtained??a.??type of gene markers?b.??age.?c.??deceased or living?d.??total number of genes?e.??gender and chromosome numberANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionPREFACE?NAME:??Page 187LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.17.??In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes??a.??64?b.??32?c.??16?d.??8?e.??4ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.18.??Which of the following results from DNA replication during interphase??a.??Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell.?b.??Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.?c.?If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23.?d.?The sister chromosomes are not identical due to breakages in the DNA.?e.??All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.19.??The spindle apparatus is composed of?a.??Golgi bodies.?b.??microtubules.?c.??endoplasmic reticulum.?d.??nucleoprotein.?e.??chromatids.ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.20.??Which statement is TRUE about mitosis in animal cells??a.??The location of the centromere is the same for each chromosome.?b.??All spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores.?c.??The spindle apparatus is composed of actin protein molecules.?d.??The spindle begins to disassemble during telophase.?e.??Some centromeres overlap midway at the spindle.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.21.??Spindles are___.?a.?permanent cell structures.??b.??present throughout every step of mitosis.?c.??present during interphase.?d.??mainly composed of microtubules.?e.??all identical.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.22.??In eukaryotic cells, which occurs during the prophase of mitosis??a.??duplication of chromatids?b.??replication of DNA?c.?separation of sister chromatids?d.??breakup of the nuclear envelope?e.??appearance of the nuclear envelopeANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: EvaluateREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.23.??Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means?a.??to?divide.?b.??to?grow.?c.??to?swell.?d.??thread.?e.??to?shrink.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.24.??The chromosomes are aligned midway between spindle poles during?a.??anaphase.?b.??metaphase.?c.??interphase.?d.??prophase.?e.??telophase.ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.25.??The chromatids detach from one another during?a.??anaphase.?b.??metaphase.?c.??interphase.?d.??prophase.?e.??telophase.ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.26.??The nuclear membrane re-forms during?a.??anaphase.?b.??metaphase.?c.??interphase.?d.??prophase.?e.??telophase.ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.?Figure 11.527.?The cell in panel 3 in the figure is in ___.?a.??anaphase?b.??metaphase?c.??interphase?d.??prophase?e.??telophaseANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisPREFACE?NAME:??fig 11.5LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.28.??During which phase do sister chromatids separate??a.??interphase?b.??prophase?c.??anaphase?d.??telophase?e.??metaphaseANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.29.??During which phase does transcription stop, and the DNA begin to appear grainy and start to condense??a.??interphase?b.??early prophase?c.??prophase?d.??anaphase?e.??early anaphaseANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: EvaluateREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.30.?Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?I.metaphaseII.telophaseIII.prophaseIV.anaphase?a.??I, III, IV, II?b.??I, II, III, IV?c.??III, I, IV, II?d.??IV, I, III, II?e.??III, IV, I, IIANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.31.??The division of cytoplasm is accomplished during?a.??prokaryotic fission.?b.??interphase.?c.??meiosis.?d.??cytokinesis.?e.??karyokinesis.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.4 Cytokinesis: Division of CytoplasmLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.4 - Differentiate between the cytokinesis of an animal cell and a plant cell.32.??Cytoplasmic division in animal cells involves _____.?a.??formation of a cell plate?b.??formation of a deepening cleavage furrow?c.??the formation of vesicle clusters?d.??the formation of a ring of myosin filaments under the plasma membrane at the equator?e.??the use of ADPANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.4 Cytokinesis: Division of CytoplasmLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.4 - Differentiate between the cytokinesis of an animal cell and a plant cell.?Figure 11.733.??This illustration shows?a.??cytoplasmic division in a plant cell.?b.??cytokinesis via?a contractile ring mechanism.?c.??how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.?d.??chromosome condensation.?e.??an animal cell in interphase.ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandBloom's: EvaluateREFERENCES:??11.4 Cytokinesis: Division of CytoplasmPREFACE?NAME:??fig 11.7LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.4 - Differentiate between the cytokinesis of an animal cell and a plant cell.34.??Which of the following is true of telomeres??a.??They have the sequence ATAGGG.?b.??They are at in the middle of chromosomes.?c.??Their sequence can change.?d.??They shorten with each round of cell replication.?e.??They have the sequence ATAGTG.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.5 Marking Time With Telomeres KEYLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.5 - Assess the influence of telomeres on the life span of a cell using examples.35.??Dolly, the cloned sheep, had telomeres that:?a.??were unusually short.?b.??were unusually long.?c.??became longer with each cell division?d.??did not change in length?e.??were perfectly normalANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.5 Marking Time With TelomeresLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.5 - Assess the influence of telomeres on the life span of a cell using examples.36.??Which of the following is true about the enzyme telomerase??a.??It can re-establish telomere length.?b.??It is found only in adult cells.?c.??It is responsible for telomere shortening.?d.??It may speed up the aging process.?e.??It is expressed at low levels in cancer cells.ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.5 Marking Time With TelomeresLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.5 - Assess the influence of telomeres on the life span of a cell using examples.37.??When cells are not responding to normal controls over growth and division, they form a tissue mass known as a?a.??metastasis.?b.??malignancy.?c.??tumor.?d.??carcinogen.?e.??nucleosome.ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.6 When Mitosis Becomes PathologicalLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.6 - Demonstrate the ill-effects of a malfunction in the mitosis process using examples.38.??Cancer cells ____.?a.??have normal plasma membranes.?b.??have an increased ability to attach to other cells.?c.??divide slowly to produce low densities of cells.?d.??show an amplified reliance on ATP formation by fermentation.?e.??are all malignant.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.6 When Mitosis Becomes PathologicalLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.6 - Demonstrate the ill-effects of a malfunction in the mitosis process using examples.39.??Which characteristic is correlated with cancer cells and metastasis??a.??gain?of nuclear-cytoplasmic controls governing cell growth and division?b.??changes in adhesion proteins on membrane surfaces?c.??expansion?of the cytoskeleton?d.?normal chromosome number?e.??deceased blood supply to the tumorANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeBloom's: EvaluateREFERENCES:??11.6 When Mitosis Becomes PathologicalLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.6 - Demonstrate the ill-effects of a malfunction in the mitosis process using examples.40.??Which of the following is typical of cancer cells??a.?Products of oncogenes inhibit mitosis.?b.??Benign tumors invade normal tissue.?c.??Malignant cells migrate.?d.??Cancer cells lose the ability to divide.?e.??The parent cell of the tumor contains a single mutation in a single checkpoint gene.ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: AnalyzeBloom's: EvaluateREFERENCES:??11.6 When Mitosis Becomes PathologicalLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.6 - Demonstrate the ill-effects of a malfunction in the mitosis process using pletion41.??After plant mitosis, the vesicles fuse into a disk-shaped __________.ANSWER:???cell plateDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.42.??The most common type of skin cancer is __________.ANSWER:??basal cell carcinomaDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.6 When Mitosis Becomes PathologicalLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.43.??The bipolar spindle is composed of __________.ANSWER:??microtubules?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.44.??The __________ that facilitates cytokinesis in animal cells cannot work with plant cells because a stiff cell wall surrounds their __________.ANSWER:???contractile ring; plasma membraneDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.4 Cytokinesis: Division of CytoplasmLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.4 - Differentiate between the cytokinesis of an animal cell and a plant cell.Matching?Choose the one most appropriate response for each.a.??cytoplasmic divisionb.??final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-formc.??two sister chromatids are joined hered.??chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to forme.??chromosomes line up at spindle equatorf.??sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle polesg.??form the mitotic spindleh.??half of a chromosome in prophasei.??in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formationDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.45.??centrioleANSWER:??i46.??centromereANSWER:??c47.??chromatidANSWER:??h48.??cytokinesisANSWER:??a49.??metaphaseANSWER:??e50.??microtubulesANSWER:??g51.??prophaseANSWER:??d52.??telophaseANSWER:??b53.??anaphaseANSWER:??fThe following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.?a.??G2b.??mitosisc.??Sd.??G1e.??cytokinesisDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division.54.??period when DNA is duplicatedANSWER:??c55.?last part of interphase in the parent cell?ANSWER:??a56.?event that divides a cytoplasmic mass?ANSWER:??e57.??period of cell growth before DNA duplicationANSWER:??d58.??period after DNA is duplicatedANSWER:??a59.??period of nuclear divisionANSWER:??b60.??period when interphase begins in a cellANSWER:??d61.??period commonly followed by cytokinesisANSWER:??b62.??period in which metaphase occursANSWER:??b63.??period prior to mitosisANSWER:??aThe stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.?a.??interphaseb.??prophasec.??metaphased.??anaphasee.??telophaseDIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.64.??Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up midway between the spindle poles.ANSWER:??c65.??Chromosomes replicate.ANSWER:??a66.??Genes replicate.ANSWER:??a67.??DNA replicates.ANSWER:??a68.??Condensation and shortening of chromosomes occurs.ANSWER:??b69.??Spindle fibers first appear.ANSWER:??b70.??Centromeres break apart as the separated sister chromatids begin to move to opposite poles.ANSWER:??d71.??The microtubular spindle develops.ANSWER:??b72.??Sister chromatids joined at their centromeres are attached to spindle fibers.ANSWER:??b73.??Cytokinesis occurs after this phase of mitosis.ANSWER:??e74.??Daughter nuclear membranes form.ANSWER:??eSubjective Short Answer75.?Imagine a cell entered mitosis but was unable to make microtubules. At what stage of mitosis would it remain??ANSWER:??The cell would be stuck in prophase. It would be able to dismantle the nuclear membrane and condense its chromosomes. Without microtubules, it would be unable to position the chromosomes on the midway point for metaphase.DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.3 A Closer Look at MitosisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.3 - Analyze the four main stages of mitosis.76.??How could telomerase inhibitors be used to treat cancer?ANSWER:???Cancer cells express a high level of telomerase. For this reason the cells can divide again and again without the telomeres shrinking as occurs in normal cells. Therefore, if you could inhibit telomerase in cancer cells they may die after a number of divisions and not be immortal. However, there is some danger as mice without telomerase aged prematurely and this could be a side-effect of treatment.DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.5 Marking Time With TelomeresLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.6 - Demonstrate the ill-effects of a malfunction in the mitosis process using examples.77.??During which stage of the cell cycle would a cell contain the least total amount of DNA?ANSWER:???In the G1 stage, each chromosome exists as a single copy, and is unreplicated. During the S stage, the chromosomes replicate so there is now twice as much DNA present.? Not until the end of telophase (and after cytokinesis) will this situation revert.DIFFICULTY:??Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES:??11.2 Multiplication by DivisionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.11.2 - Analyze the different stages of cell division. ................
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