IGCSE Physics (9-1) Revision Note - Shawon Notes

IGCSE Physics (9-1) Revision Note

Shawon Ibn Kamal

Revised by: Anjuhan Saravana

Raditu Roufir

Page intentionally kept blank.

Tables of Content

Section 1: Forces and motion

5

a) Units

5

b) Movement and Position

5

c) Forces, movement, shape and momentum

22

Section 2: Electricity

57

a) Units

57

b) Mains electricity

57

Section 3: Waves

80

a) Units

80

b) Properties of waves

80

c) The electromagnetic spectrum

86

d) Light and sound

89

Section 4: Energy resources and energy transfer

109

a) Units

109

b) Energy transfer

109

c) Work and power

115

d) Energy resources and electricity generation

117

Section 5: Solids, liquids and gases

120

a) Units

120

b) Density and pressure

120

c) Change of state

123

d) Ideal gas molecules

125

Section 6: Magnetism and electromagnetism

129

a) Units

129

b) Magnetism

129

c) Electromagnetism

132

Section 7: Radioactivity and particles

141

a) Units

141

b) Radioactivity

141

c) Fission and Fusion

152

Section 8: Astrophysics

153

(a) Units

153

(b) Motion in the universe

153

(c) Stellar evolution

153

(d) Cosmology

153

Appendix 1: Electrical circuit symbols

155

Appendix 2: Physical units

156

Appendix 3: Prefixes

157

Appendix 4: Formulae and Relationships

158

Appendix 5: Glossary (131)

159

Section 1: Forces and motion

a) Units

1.1 use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s), newton per kilogram (N/kg), kilogram metre/second (kg m/s).

Unit of mass=Kilogram (kg) Unit of distance=Metre (m) Unit of speed or velocity= Metre per second (m/s) Unit of acceleration= metre per second2 (m/s2) Unit of Force= Newton(N) Unit of Time= Second(s) Unit of gravitational acceleration= Newton per kilogram(N/kg) Unit of Momentum= kilogram metre per second (kg m/s)

b) Movement and Position

1.2 plot and interpret distance-time graphs Distance = The change of position of an object is called distance. The diagram shows an example:

Figure 1 shows an object changes its position from A to B. So the distance travelled by the object is AB. Displacement = The change of position of an object in a particular direction is called displacement.

Figure 2 shows another object changes its position from C to D through curved path but the displacement will be straight distance from C to D.

Distance-time graph

A distance-time graph represents the speed or velocity of any object. In this graph the object is moving at 1 m per second. It is in a constant speed. In a distance-time graph, distance should go to the Y-axis while time should go over the X-axis.

Speed= gradient=distance/time = 3m/3s= 1m/s

Few points that should be noted:

1. In a displacement ? time graph or distance- time graph, the average velocity is

found by the ratio

s t

where

s

= change in displacement/distance and

t = time interval

2. A positive gradient of the displacement-time graph indicates that the car is

moving in the same direction as the displacement.

3. A negative gradient of the displacement-time graph indicates that the car is moving in the opposite direction to the displacement.

4. A zero gradient of the displacement-time curve shows that the car is stationary.

Some explanation of motion from graph: Zero displacement

Constant displacement

Not moving

Acceleration

Deceleration

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download