TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Guidebook

[Pages:422]TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

Guidebook

Note: This guidebook for the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition with operating system (OS) version 2.55MP. If your calculator has a previous OS version, your screens may look different and some features may not be available. You can download the latest OS education.guides.

Important Information

Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

? 2004?2010 Texas Instruments Incorporated Vernier EasyData, Vernier LabPro, and Vernier Go! Motion are a trademarks of Vernier Software & Technology.

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Contents

Important Information .................................................................................................................... ii

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition .................................................................... 1

Documentation Conventions .......................................................................................................... 1 TI-84 Plus Keyboard ......................................................................................................................... 1 Turning On and Turning Off the TI-84 Plus .................................................................................... 3 Setting the Display Contrast ........................................................................................................... 4 The Display ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Interchangeable Faceplates ............................................................................................................ 8 Using the Clock ................................................................................................................................ 9 Entering Expressions and Instructions .......................................................................................... 11 Setting Modes ................................................................................................................................ 14 Using TI-84 Plus Variable Names ................................................................................................... 19 Storing Variable Values ................................................................................................................. 20 Recalling Variable Values .............................................................................................................. 21 Scrolling Through Previous Entries on the Home Screen ............................................................ 22 ENTRY (Last Entry) Storage Area .................................................................................................. 22 TI-84 Plus Menus ............................................................................................................................ 25 VARS and VARS Y-VARS Menus ..................................................................................................... 27 Equation Operating System (EOSTM) ............................................................................................. 29 Special Features of the TI-84 Plus ................................................................................................. 30 Other TI-84 Plus Features .............................................................................................................. 31 Error Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 33

Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations ......................................................................... 35

Getting Started: Coin Flip ............................................................................................................. 35 Keyboard Math Operations .......................................................................................................... 36 MATH Operations .......................................................................................................................... 38 Using the Equation Solver ............................................................................................................. 42 MATH NUM (Number) Operations ................................................................................................ 45 Entering and Using Complex Numbers ........................................................................................ 50 MATH CPX (Complex) Operations ................................................................................................ 54 MATH PRB (Probability) Operations ............................................................................................. 56 ANGLE Operations ......................................................................................................................... 59 TEST (Relational) Operations ........................................................................................................ 62 TEST LOGIC (Boolean) Operations ................................................................................................ 63

Chapter 3: Function Graphing .................................................................................................. 65

Getting Started: Graphing a Circle ............................................................................................... 65 Defining Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 66 Setting the Graph Modes .............................................................................................................. 67 Defining Functions ........................................................................................................................ 68 Selecting and Deselecting Functions ............................................................................................ 69 Setting Graph Styles for Functions ............................................................................................... 71 Setting the Viewing Window Variables ....................................................................................... 73 Setting the Graph Format ............................................................................................................. 74 Displaying Graphs .......................................................................................................................... 76 Exploring Graphs with the Free-Moving Cursor .......................................................................... 78 Exploring Graphs with TRACE ....................................................................................................... 78 Exploring Graphs with the ZOOM Instructions ............................................................................ 80 Using ZOOM MEMORY .................................................................................................................. 85 Using the CALC (Calculate) Operations ........................................................................................ 87

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Chapter 4: Parametric Graphing .............................................................................................. 91

Getting Started: Path of a Ball ...................................................................................................... 91 Defining and Displaying Parametric Graphs ................................................................................ 93 Exploring Parametric Graphs ........................................................................................................ 95

Chapter 5: Polar Graphing ........................................................................................................ 97

Getting Started: Polar Rose ........................................................................................................... 97 Defining and Displaying Polar Graphs ......................................................................................... 98 Exploring Polar Graphs ................................................................................................................ 100

Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing ............................................................................................... 102

Getting Started: Forest and Trees ............................................................................................... 102 Defining and Displaying Sequence Graphs ................................................................................ 103 Selecting Axes Combinations ...................................................................................................... 107 Exploring Sequence Graphs ........................................................................................................ 107 Graphing Web Plots ..................................................................................................................... 109 Using Web Plots to Illustrate Convergence ................................................................................ 110 Graphing Phase Plots ................................................................................................................... 111 Comparing TI-84 Plus and TI-82 Sequence Variables ................................................................. 113 Keystroke Differences Between TI-84 Plus

and TI-82 ................................................................................................................................. 114

Chapter 7: Tables ..................................................................................................................... 115

Getting Started: Roots of a Function .......................................................................................... 115 Setting Up the Table .................................................................................................................... 116 Defining the Dependent Variables ............................................................................................. 117 Displaying the Table .................................................................................................................... 118

Chapter 8: Draw Instructions ................................................................................................. 121

Getting Started: Drawing a Tangent Line .................................................................................. 121 Using the DRAW Menu ............................................................................................................... 122 Clearing Drawings ....................................................................................................................... 123 Drawing Line Segments .............................................................................................................. 124 Drawing Horizontal and Vertical Lines ...................................................................................... 125 Drawing Tangent Lines ................................................................................................................ 126 Drawing Functions and Inverses ................................................................................................. 127 Shading Areas on a Graph .......................................................................................................... 128 Drawing Circles ............................................................................................................................ 128 Placing Text on a Graph .............................................................................................................. 129 Using Pen to Draw on a Graph ................................................................................................... 130 Drawing Points on a Graph ......................................................................................................... 131 Drawing Pixels ............................................................................................................................. 132 Storing Graph Pictures (Pic) ......................................................................................................... 134 Recalling Graph Pictures (Pic) ...................................................................................................... 135 Storing Graph Databases (GDB) .................................................................................................. 135 Recalling Graph Databases (GDB) ............................................................................................... 136

Chapter 9: Split Screen ........................................................................................................... 137

Getting Started: Exploring the Unit Circle ................................................................................. 137 Using Split Screen ........................................................................................................................ 138

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Horiz (Horizontal) Split Screen .................................................................................................... 139 G-T (Graph-Table) Split Screen .................................................................................................... 140 TI-84 Plus Pixels in Horiz and G-T Modes .................................................................................... 141

Chapter 10: Matrices ................................................................................................................. 143

Getting Started: Using the MTRX Shortcut Menu ..................................................................... 143 Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations ............................................................................ 144 Defining a Matrix ........................................................................................................................ 145 Viewing and Editing Matrix Elements ........................................................................................ 146 Using Matrices with Expressions ................................................................................................. 148 Displaying and Copying Matrices ............................................................................................... 149 Using Math Functions with Matrices .......................................................................................... 151 Using the MATRX MATH Operations .......................................................................................... 154

Chapter 11: Lists ........................................................................................................................ 161

Getting Started: Generating a Sequence ................................................................................... 161 Naming Lists ................................................................................................................................. 162 Storing and Displaying Lists ........................................................................................................ 163 Entering List Names ..................................................................................................................... 164 Attaching Formulas to List Names .............................................................................................. 165 Using Lists in Expressions ............................................................................................................ 167 LIST OPS Menu ............................................................................................................................. 168 LIST MATH Menu ......................................................................................................................... 175

Chapter 12: Statistics ................................................................................................................ 178

Getting Started: Pendulum Lengths and Periods ...................................................................... 178 Setting Up Statistical Analyses .................................................................................................... 184 Using the Stat List Editor ............................................................................................................. 185 Attaching Formulas to List Names .............................................................................................. 188 Detaching Formulas from List Names ......................................................................................... 190 Switching Stat List Editor Contexts ............................................................................................. 190 Stat List Editor Contexts .............................................................................................................. 192 STAT EDIT Menu ........................................................................................................................... 193 Regression Model Features ......................................................................................................... 195 STAT CALC Menu .......................................................................................................................... 198 Statistical Variables ...................................................................................................................... 206 Statistical Analysis in a Program ................................................................................................. 207 Statistical Plotting ........................................................................................................................ 208 Statistical Plotting in a Program ................................................................................................. 212

Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions ............................................................... 215

Getting Started: Mean Height of a Population ......................................................................... 215 Inferential Stat Editors ................................................................................................................ 218 STAT TESTS Menu ......................................................................................................................... 221 Inferential Statistics Input Descriptions ...................................................................................... 239 Test and Interval Output Variables ............................................................................................. 240 Distribution Functions ................................................................................................................. 241 Distribution Shading ................................................................................................................... 248

Chapter 14: Applications .......................................................................................................... 251

The Applications Menu ............................................................................................................... 251

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Getting Started: Financing a Car ................................................................................................ 252 Getting Started: Computing Compound Interest ...................................................................... 253 Using the TVM Solver ................................................................................................................. 253 Using the Financial Functions ..................................................................................................... 254 Calculating Time Value of Money (TVM) ................................................................................... 255 Calculating Cash Flows ................................................................................................................ 257 Calculating Amortization ............................................................................................................ 258 Calculating Interest Conversion .................................................................................................. 261 Finding Days between Dates/Defining Payment Method ......................................................... 261 Using the TVM Variables ............................................................................................................. 262 The EasyDataTM Application ........................................................................................................ 263

Chapter 15: CATALOG, Strings, Hyperbolic Functions ............................................................ 266

Browsing the TI-84 Plus CATALOG .............................................................................................. 266 Entering and Using Strings ......................................................................................................... 267 Storing Strings to String Variables .............................................................................................. 268 String Functions and Instructions in the CATALOG ................................................................... 269 Hyperbolic Functions in the CATALOG ....................................................................................... 273

Chapter 16: Programming ........................................................................................................ 275

Getting Started: Volume of a Cylinder ....................................................................................... 275 Creating and Deleting Programs ................................................................................................ 276 Entering Command Lines and Executing Programs ................................................................... 278 Editing Programs ......................................................................................................................... 279 Copying and Renaming Programs .............................................................................................. 280 PRGM CTL (Control) Instructions ................................................................................................. 281 PRGM I/O (Input/Output) Instructions ........................................................................................ 288 Calling Other Programs as Subroutines ...................................................................................... 293 Running an Assembly Language Program ................................................................................. 294

Chapter 17: Activities ............................................................................................................... 296

The Quadratic Formula ............................................................................................................... 296 Box with Lid ................................................................................................................................. 299 Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots ..................................................................................... 306 Graphing Piecewise Functions .................................................................................................... 308 Graphing Inequalities .................................................................................................................. 309 Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations ................................................................................... 310 Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski Triangle .................................................................... 311 Graphing Cobweb Attractors ...................................................................................................... 312 Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients ................................................................................ 313 Graphing the Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves ................................................................. 315 Finding the Area between Curves .............................................................................................. 316 Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem .................................................................. 317 Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ............................................................ 319 Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons ........................................................................ 321 Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments ........................................................................ 323

Chapter 18: Memory and Variable Management .................................................................... 326

Checking Available Memory ....................................................................................................... 326 Deleting Items from Memory ..................................................................................................... 329 Clearing Entries and List Elements ............................................................................................. 329 Archiving and UnArchiving Variables ......................................................................................... 330

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Resetting the TI-84 Plus ............................................................................................................... 333 Grouping and Ungrouping Variables ......................................................................................... 336 Garbage Collection ...................................................................................................................... 339 ERR:ARCHIVE FULL Message ....................................................................................................... 343 Chapter 19: Communication Link ............................................................................................. 344 Getting Started: Sending Variables ............................................................................................ 344 TI-84 Plus LINK ............................................................................................................................. 345 Selecting Items to Send ............................................................................................................... 347 Receiving Items ............................................................................................................................ 350 Backing Up RAM Memory ........................................................................................................... 351 Error Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 352 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions ................................................................................... 354 Appendix B: Reference Information ......................................................................................... 383 Variables ....................................................................................................................................... 383 Statistics Formulas ....................................................................................................................... 384 Financial Formulas ....................................................................................................................... 387 Important Things You Need to Know About Your TI-84 Plus ................................................... 391 Error Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 394 Accuracy Information .................................................................................................................. 398 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information ...................................................................... 400 Texas Instruments Support and Service ...................................................................................... 400 Battery Information ..................................................................................................................... 400 In Case of Difficulty ..................................................................................................................... 402

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Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

Documentation Conventions

In the body of this guidebook, TI-84 Plus refers to the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, but all of the instructions, examples, and functions in this guidebook also work for the TI-84 Plus. The two graphing calculators differ only in available RAM memory, interchangeable faceplates, and Flash application ROM memory. Sometimes, as in Chapter 19, the full name TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is used to distinguish it from the TI-84 Plus.

Screen shots were taken using OS version 2.53MP and higher in either MathPrintTM or Classic mode. All features are available in both modes; however, screens make look slightly different depending on the mode setting. Many examples highlight features that are not available in previous OS versions. If your calculator does not have the latest OS, features may not be available and your screens may look different. You can download the latest OS from education..

A new MODE menu item, STAT WIZARDS is available with OS version 2.55MP for syntax entry help for commands and functions in the STAT CALC menu, DISTR DISTR menu, DISTR DRAW menu and the seq( function (sequence) in the LIST OPS menu. When selecting a supported statistics command, regression or distribution with the STAT WIZARDS setting ON: (the default setting) a syntax help (wizard) screen is displayed. The wizard allows the entry of required and optional arguments. The function or command will paste with the entered arguments to the Home Screen history or in most other locations where the cursor is available for input. If a command or function is accessed from N the command or function will paste without wizard support. Run the Catalog Help application (OE) for more syntax help when needed. APPS

TI-84 Plus Keyboard

Generally, the keyboard is divided into these zones: graphing keys, editing keys, advanced function keys, and scientific calculator keys.

Keyboard Zones

Graphing -- Graphing keys access the interactive graphing features. The third function of these keys (t ^-a) displays the shortcut menus, which include templates for fractions, n/d, quick matrix entry, and some of the functions found on the MATH and VARS menus.

Editing -- Editing keys allow you to edit expressions and values.

Advanced -- Advanced function keys display menus that access the advanced functions.

Scientific -- Scientific calculator keys access the capabilities of a standard scientific calculator.

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

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