Impact of the Revolution The Iranian revolution had ...



Impact of the Revolution The Iranian revolution had effects in Iran and beyond.

• New Iranian Government was extremely hostile to the West – Western books, music, and movies were banned.

• Government required strict adherence to Muslim religious tradition.

• Many rights were taken away from women.

• Iranian militants seized the American embassy in Tehran and held a group of American hostages for more than a year.

• Iran encouraged Muslims in other countries to work to overthrow secular governments and establish Islamic republics.

• In 1989 Khomeini died, more moderate leaders took control.

Saddam Hussein and Iraq –Under his leadership, Iraq has been involved in several conflicts in the Middle East.

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), Hussein’s forces seized control of a disputed border area between Iraq and Iran. War broke out between the two nations. The US Navy began to protect shipping lanes with both sides attacked oil tankers in the Persian Gulf.

Persian Gulf War 1991, Iraq invaded Kuwait and seized its oil fields. The US saw the Iraqi actions as a threat to Saudi Arabia and the flow of oil. When Hussein refused to withdraw, a multinational U.N. coalition, led by the US attacked. America’s superior power quickly pushed the Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.

Oil, OPEC and Economic Interdependence –Oil become the most important energy resource after WWII. Oil is a non-renewable resource. In 1960, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela formed Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). In 1973, OPEC nations halted exports of oil to certain countries. Egypt and Israel were at war. Arab countries declared the embargo against the US and other nations that supported Israel. Price skyrocketed, affecting western economies by slowing growth. In the 1980s and 1990s, a surplus of oil allowed prices to fall. However, OPEC nations cut oil production in 1998. Oil prices rose sharply around the world.

Oil has been used as a “political weapon”

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