The Method of Nature - Ralph Waldo Emerson

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The Method of

Nature

from Addresses, published as part of Nature; Addresses and Lectures

An Oration delivered before the Society of the Adelphi,

in Waterville College, Maine, August 11, 1841

GENTLEMEN,

Let us exchange congratulations on the enjoyments and the pros literary anniversary. The

land we live in has no interest so dear, if it knew its want, as the fit consecration of days of

reason and thought. Where there is no vision, the people perish. The scholars are the priests

of that thought which establishes the foundations of the earth. No matter what is their

special work or profession, they stand for the spiritual interest of the world, and it is a

common calamity if they neglect their post in a country where the material interest is so

predominant as it is in America. We hear something too much of the results of machinery,

commerce, and the useful arts. We are a puny and a fickle folk. Avarice, hesitation, and

following, are our diseases. The rapid wealth which hundreds in the community acquire in

trade, or by the incessant expansions of our population and arts, enchants the eyes of all the

rest; the luck of one is the hope of thousands, and the bribe acts like the neighborhood of a

The Method of Nature - Ralph Waldo Emerson

gold mine to impoverish the farm, the school, the church, the house, and the very body and

feature of man.

I do not wish to look with sour aspect at the industrious manufacturing village, or the mart of

commerce. I love the music of the water-wheel; I value the railway; I feel the pride which the

sight of a ship inspires; I look on trade and every mechanical craft as education also. But let

me discriminate what is precious herein. There is in each of these works an act of invention,

an intellectual step, or short series of steps taken; that act or step is the spiritual act; all the

rest is mere repetition of the same a thousand times. And I will not be deceived into

admiring the routine of handicrafts and mechanics, how splendid soever the result, any

more than I admire the routine of the scholars or clerical class. That splendid results ensue

from the labors of stupid men, is the fruit of higher laws than their will, and the routine is not

to be praised for it. I would not have the laborer sacrificed to the result, ¡ª I would not have

the laborer sacrificed to my convenience and pride, nor to that of a great class of such as

me. Let there be worse cotton and better men. The weaver should not be bereaved of his

superiority to his work, and his knowledge that the product or the skill is of no value, except

so far as it embodies his spiritual prerogatives. If I see nothing to admire in the unit, shall I

admire a million units? Men stand in awe of the city, but do not honor any individual citizen;

and are continually yielding to this dazzling result of numbers, that which they would never

yield to the solitary example of any one.

Whilst the multitude of men degrade each other, and give currency to desponding

doctrines, the scholar must be a bringer of hope, and must reinforce man against himself. I

sometimes believe that our literary anniversaries will presently assume a greater

importance, as the eyes of men open to their capabilities. Here, a new set of distinctions, a

new order of ideas, prevail. Here, we set a bound to the respectability of wealth, and a

bound to the pretensions of the law and the church. The bigot must cease to be a bigot today. Into our charmed circle, power cannot enter; and the sturdiest defender of existing

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The Method of Nature - Ralph Waldo Emerson

institutions feels the terrific inflammability of this air which condenses heat in every corner

that may restore to the elements the fabrics of ages. Nothing solid is secure; every thing tilts

and rocks. Even the scholar is not safe; he too is searched and revised. Is his learning dead?

Is he living in his memory? The power of mind is not mortification, but life. But come forth,

thou curious child! hither, thou loving, all-hoping poet! hither, thou tender, doubting heart,

who hast not yet found any place in the world's market fit for thee; any wares which thou

couldst buy or sell, ¡ª so large is thy love and ambition, ¡ª thine and not theirs is the hour.

Smooth thy brow, and hope and love on, for the kind heaven justifies thee, and the whole

world feels that thou art in the right.

We ought to celebrate this hour by expressions of manly joy. Not thanks, not prayer seem

quite the highest or truest name for our communication with the infinite, ¡ª but glad and

conspiring reception, ¡ª reception that becomes giving in its turn, as the receiver is only the

All-Giver in part and in infancy. I cannot, ¡ª nor can any man, ¡ª speak precisely of things so

sublime, but it seems to me, the wit of man, his strength, his grace, his tendency, his art, is

the grace and the presence of God. It is beyond explanation. When all is said and done, the

rapt saint is found the only logician. Not exhortation, not argument becomes our lips, but

paeans of joy and praise. But not of adulation: we are too nearly related in the deep of the

mind to that we honor. It is God in us which checks the language of petition by a grander

thought. In the bottom of the heart, it is said; `I am, and by me, O child! this fair body and

world of thine stands and grows. I am; all things are mine: and all mine are thine.'

The festival of the intellect, and the return to its source, cast a strong light on the always

interesting topics of Man and Nature. We are forcibly reminded of the old want. There is no

man; there hath never been. The Intellect still asks that a man may be born. The flame of life

flickers feebly in human breasts. We demand of men a richness and universality we do not

find. Great men do not content us. It is their solitude, not their force, that makes them

conspicuous. There is somewhat indigent and tedious about them. They are poorly tied to

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The Method of Nature - Ralph Waldo Emerson

one thought. If they are prophets, they are egotists; if polite and various, they are shallow.

How tardily men arrive at any result! how tardily they pass from it to another! The crystal

sphere of thought is as concentrical as the geological structure of the globe. As our soils

and rocks lie in strata, concentric strata, so do all men's thinkings run laterally, never

vertically. Here comes by a great inquisitor with auger and plumb-line, and will bore an

Artesian well through our conventions and theories, and pierce to the core of things. But as

soon as he probes the crust, behold gimlet, plumb-line, and philosopher take a lateral

direction, in spite of all resistance, as if some strong wind took everything off its feet, and if

you come month after month to see what progress our reformer has made, ¡ª not an inch has

he pierced, ¡ª you still find him with new words in the old place, floating about in new parts

of the same old vein or crust. The new book says, `I will give you the key to nature,' and we

expect to go like a thunderbolt to the centre. But the thunder is a surface phenomenon,

makes a skin-deep cut, and so does the sage. The wedge turns out to be a rocket. Thus a

man lasts but a very little while, for his monomania becomes insupportably tedious in a few

months. It is so with every book and person: and yet ¡ª and yet ¡ª we do not take up a new

book, or meet a new man, without a pulse-beat of expectation. And this invincible hope of a

more adequate interpreter is the sure prediction of his advent.

In the absence of man, we turn to nature, which stands next. In the divine order, intellect is

primary; nature, secondary; it is the memory of the mind. That which once existed in intellect

as pure law, has now taken body as Nature. It existed already in the mind in solution; now, it

has been precipitated, and the bright sediment is the world. We can never be quite

strangers or inferiors in nature. It is flesh of our flesh, and bone of our bone. But we no

longer hold it by the hand; we have lost our miraculous power; our arm is no more as strong

as the frost; nor our will equivalent to gravity and the elective attractions. Yet we can use

nature as a convenient standard, and the meter of our rise and fall. It has this advantage as a

witness, it cannot be debauched. When man curses, nature still testifies to truth and love.

We may, therefore, safely study the mind in nature, because we cannot steadily gaze on it in

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The Method of Nature - Ralph Waldo Emerson

mind; as we explore the face of the sun in a pool, when our eyes cannot brook his direct

splendors.

It seems to me, therefore, that it were some suitable paean, if we should piously celebrate

this hour by exploring the _method of nature_. Let us see _that_, as nearly as we can, and try

how far it is transferable to the literary life. Every earnest glance we give to the realities

around us, with intent to learn, proceeds from a holy impulse, and is really songs of praise.

What difference can it make whether it take the shape of exhortation, or of passionate

exclamation, or of scientific statement? These are forms merely. Through them we express,

at last, the fact, that God has done thus or thus.

In treating a subject so large, in which we must necessarily appeal to the intuition, and aim

much more to suggest, than to describe, I know it is not easy to speak with the precision

attainable on topics of less scope. I do not wish in attempting to paint a man, to describe an

air-fed, unimpassioned, impossible ghost. My eyes and ears are revolted by any neglect of

the physical facts, the limitations of man. And yet one who conceives the true order of

nature, and beholds the visible as proceeding from the invisible, cannot state his thought,

without seeming to those who study the physical laws, to do them some injustice. There is

an intrinsic defect in the organ. Language overstates. Statements of the infinite are usually

felt to be unjust to the finite, and blasphemous. Empedocles undoubtedly spoke a truth of

thought, when he said, "I am God;" but the moment it was out of his mouth, it became a lie

to the ear; and the world revenged itself for the seeming arrogance, by the good story

about his shoe. How can I hope for better hap in my attempts to enunciate spiritual facts?

Yet let us hope, that as far as we receive the truth, so far shall we be felt by every true person

to say what is just.

The method of nature: who could ever analyze it? That rushing stream will not stop to be

observed. We can never surprise nature in a corner; never find the end of a thread; never

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