ASP Colloquium Notes: Dynamics of Decadal to Centennial ...

Statistical significance of the spatial patterns of variability, obtained by regression of the data onto the index, depends on effective temporal degrees of freedom (DOF). For the red noise process with lag-1 autocorrelation r (r = 0.34 for the NPI timeseries in Fig. 1, upper panel) and N = 34 data points, the effective number of DOF can be ... ................
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