In-text citations for print sources with no known author



MLA in-text citations NOTESBasic in-text citation rulesIn MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as?parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase.General GuidelinesThe source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page.Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited List.In-text citations for print sources with known authorFor Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3).Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).In-text citations for print sources with no known authorWhen a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number.We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global Warming" 6).Citing non-print or sources from the InternetWhen creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source in your Works Cited. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name).You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, ?or??as opposed to writing out or more info: In-Text Parenthetical Citation FAQ Q: What is an in-text parenthetical citation? A: An in-text citation is also called a parenthetical citation. MLA guidelines require that you cite quotations and/or paraphrases within parentheses. Parenthetical citations direct readers to the complete bibliographic citations listed on the “works cited” page at the end of the document. Q: What information do I include in parenthetical citations? A: Author’s last name, followed by specific page number. (Martinez 57) Q: What if no author is available? A: Abbreviate the title: The Amber Room can be cited as (Amber Room 33). 1/2010 Q: Where do I place the parenthetical citation? A: At the end of the sentence in which you have the quotation or paraphrase. Place it as close to the quoted or paraphrased sentences as possible. Q: If I already mentioned the author’s name in the sentence, do I need to rewrite it in the in-text citation? A: No, if the name is already mentioned you can just list the page number in the in-text citation. Q: What if I use the same source repeatedly? A: To avoid repetition, you can introduce quotations in different ways. One possibility is to combine the name and several page numbers in a single parenthesis. The author stated “no one is alarmed by this unusual issue” associated with the event. The results of investigation illustrate “a great deal of loss of lives” (Rowhani 17, 22). Or you may include the name and page number in the first parenthesis and omit the name from the subsequent parentheses. The author stated, “no one is alarmed by this unusual issue,” associated with this event (Rowhani 17). The results of investigation illustrate “great number of losses due to the spread of the disease” (22). Or, if the author’s name appears in the narrative leading up to the quotation, include the page number only. Ms. Rowhani argues that “no one is alarmed by this unusual issue associated with this event.” (17). Q: What should I do with multiple authors? A: If the source has 2 or 3 authors, include all names (Nguyen and Hamuro 727) If the source has more than 3 authors, include the first author, followed by et al. (Petrova, et al. 67). Q: How do I cite a corporate author? A: Use the same format, but include the corporate body. (Modern Language Association 77) Q: What if I use more than one work by the same author? A: Abbreviate the title. For example if you use two sources by Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors and Ages of Man, then you will include the following: (Shakespeare Comedy 54); (Shakespeare Ages 25). Q: What should I do with the Web sites that often do not have page numbers? A: Don’t include the page numbers, unless the site is a PDF file with pagination. ................
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