Engineering Properties of IN-100 ALLOY - Nickel Institute
Engineering Properties
of IN-100 ALLOY
INTERNATIONAL NICKEL
CONTENTS
Page
COMPOSITION .................................................................................. 1
SPECIFICATION ................................................................................ 1 STRESS-RUPTURE PROPERTIES ............................................ 1 TENSILE PROPERTIES ........................................................... 1 HARDNESS ............................................................................. 1
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................................................... 2 DENSITY ................................................................................ 2 MELTING RANGE .................................................................... 2 STABILITY .............................................................................. 2 THERMAL EXPANSION ............................................................ 2 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY ...................................................... 2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .................................................................. 2 OXIDATION RESISTANCE ....................................................... 2 Cyclic Test .................................................................... 2 Static Test .................................................................... 2 Dynamic Test ................................................................ 2 SULFIDATION RESISTANCE .................................................... 5 Crucible Test ................................................................ 5 Rig Test ........................................................................ 5
HEAT TREATMENT ........................................................................... 5
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES .............................................................. 5 TENSILE PROPERTIES ........................................................... 5 STRESS-RUPTURE PROPERTIES ............................................ 5 STRESS-RUPTURE PARAMETER ............................................ 8 CREEP RATE .......................................................................... 8 MINIMUM CREEP RATE ........................................................... 8 DYNAMIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ...................................... 8
IMPACT PROPERTIES ....................................................................... 11
HOT HARDNESS ............................................................................... 11
FATIGUE .......................................................................................... 11 MECHANICAL ......................................................................... 11 THERMAL ............................................................................... 14
MACHINING AND GRINDING ............................................................. 14
APPENDIX ........................................................................................ 16
REFERENCES ................................................................................... IBC
Engineering Properties of IN-100 ALLOY
IN-100 alloy* is a nickel-base precipitation hardenable, vacuum cast alloy possessing high rupture strength through 1900 ?F. The high percentages of aluminum and titanium and the low
refractory metal content make IN -100 particularly attractive on a strength to density basis. The alloy has been successfully cast and utilized in a variety of shapes from turbine blades, vanes and
nozzles to integral wheels.
COMPOSITION ? WEIGHT PER CENT
Element
Carbon Chromium Cobalt Molybdenum Titanium Aluminum Vanadium Zirconium Boron Iron Manganese Silicon Sulfur Nickel
Nominal
0.18 10.00 15.00
3.00 4.70 5.50 0.90 0.06 0.014 LAP** LAP LAP LAP balance (60)
Range (AMS 5397)
0.15 ? 0.20 8.00 ? 11.00 13.00 ? 17.00 2.00 ? 4.00 4.50 ? 5.00 5.00 ? 6.00 0.70 ? 1.20 0.03 ? 0.09 0.01 ? 0.02 1.00 max. 0.20 max. 0.20 max. 0.015 max. balance
SPECIFICATION
The AMS 5397 specification for IN-100 alloy requires the following mechanical properties in the as-cast condition:
Stress - Rupture Properties ? Minimum
Test Temp. ?F
1800
Stress psi
29,000
Life
E long.
Hrs.
% in 4D
23
4
Tensile Properties ? Minimum
Test Temp. ?F
0.2% Yield Strength
psi
70
95,000
Tensile Strength
psi
115,000
Elong. % in 4D
5
Hardness
Rockwell C 30-44 or equivalent
There are many alternate specifications in existence and individual companies should be contacted as to their requirements.
* U.S. Patent #3,061,426; produced under license from The International Nickel Company, Inc. **Low as possible
1
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density 0.280 lb./cu. in. (7.75 g/cu. cm)
Melting Range 2305 - 2435 ?F (1260 -1335 ?C)
Stability While long-time elevated temperature stability can be demonstrated only by long-time exposure, a mathematical analysis based on electron vacancy concentration (see Appendix) is useful in indicating the susceptibility of an alloy to form sigma. The electron vacancy number, N , of IN-100 of nominal
v
composition is 2.46. Nv values over 2.50 generally indicate that an alloy is susceptible to sigma.
When IN-100 was originally introduced, the suggested range for titanium extended from 4.5 to a maximum of 5.5 per cent. Compositions toward the top side of this range did exhibit sigma formation. For example, a 5.3 Ti alloy with an N of 2.70 contained sigma which detracted from rupture life.
v
The maximum titanium level then was reduced to the current AMS specification value of 5.0 percent. This change eliminated the deleterious effects of sigma on material properties without sacrificing any of the material's desired properties.
Thermal Expansion (See Figure 1)
Test Temp. oF
70 - 200 70 - 400 70 - 600 70 - 800 70 - 1000
Mean Coefficient
per oF 7.2 x 10-6 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.7
Test Temp. oF
70 ? 1200 70 ? 1400 70 ? 1600 70 ? 1800 70 ? 2000
Mean Coefficient
per oF 8.0 x 10-6 8.3 8.8 9.3 10.1
Electrical Resistivity 143.0 microhm-cm at R.T.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OXIDATION RESISTANCE
Cyclic Test (See Figure 2)
Samp les were g iv en a cy clic ex p o su re b y heatin g in air at 1900 ?F fo r 16 hours and then coolin g fo r 8 hours.
Alloy
IN -100 Alloy 713LC
Wt. Change, % in 208 Hrs.
?.80 ?.10
Static Test (See Figure 3)
The static oxidation tests, performed by General Electric, were conducted by placing specimens in open zircon cup-type crucibles and oxidizing them in the static atmosphere of electric box furnaces.(1)
Dynamic Test (See Figure 4)
The dynamic oxidation tests were performed by General Electric in a natural gas-fired flame tunnel. Test specimens were placed in a rotating fixture positioned in the hot zone of the flame tunnel perpendicular to the gas flow.(1)
2
Figure 1. Thermal ? Expansion of IN-100 Alloy.
Figure 2. Oxidation Resistance of IN-100 Alloy. and 713C: Cyclic Test 16 Hours At 1900 ?F, Cool In Air For 8 Hours.
Figure 3. Comparison of Oxidation Kinetics of IN-100 and Alloy 713C at 1600 and 2000 ?F. Note the Decreasing Oxidation Rates at 2000 ?F (t>100 min.).
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