Identify the Independent and Dependent Variables in each ...
Is a classroom noisier when the teacher leaves the room?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Do bicycle fenders keep the rider dry when riding through a puddle?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Does an electric motor turn faster if you increase the voltage?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
How much water flows through a faucet at different size openings?
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Christina investigated how fast her cat reacted to different whistles
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
For science class, Mario studied how far room temperature tap water would spurt out of a plastic milk carton when 3 mm holes were punched at different heights from the bottom of the container.
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Mrs. Crain wanted to see how different types of music affected student pulse rates. She played different type of music; heavy metal, rap, country, pop, and classical.
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Nick wanted to see how high an ice cube would float in different temperatures of water.
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Let’s take it another step – now identify the variables AND the groups:
1. A group of college students were given a short course in speed-reading. The instructor was curious if a monetary incentive would influence performance on a reading test taken at the end of the course. Half the students were offered $5 for obtaining a certain level of performance on the test, the other half were not offered money.
Independent variable: Dependent variable:
Experimental group: Control group:
2. A social psychologist thinks that people are more likely to conform to a large crowd than to a single person. To test this hypothesis, the social psychologist had either one person or five persons stand on a busy walking path on campus and look up. The psychologist stood nearby and counted the number of people passing by who also looked up.
Independent variable: Dependent variable:
Experimental group: Control group:
3. To test a new voice feature in a cockpit design a flight simulator was used. The simulator was programmed to give visual readings of flight information, or to give visual and auditory (voice) readings of flight information. All test pilots were put through a simulated emergency landing procedure, but were randomly assigned to the visual, or visual and auditory conditions. Flight experts rated each pilot’s performance in the simulator on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 10 (excellent).
Independent variable: Dependent variable:
Experimental group: Control group:
Answers:
1. A group of college students were given a short course in speed-reading. The instructor was curious if a monetary incentive would influence performance on a reading test taken at the end of the course. Half the students were offered $5 for obtaining a certain level of performance on the test, the other half were not offered money.
Independent variable: Monetary incentive ($5 or no money)
Dependent variable: Performance on reading test
Experimental group: $5 group (receive monetary incentive)
Control group: $0 group (no monetary incentive)
2. A social psychologist thinks that people are more likely to conform to a large crowd than to a single person. To test this hypothesis, the social psychologist had either one person or five persons stand on a busy walking path on campus and look up. The psychologist stood nearby and counted the number of people passing by who also looked up.
Independent variable: Size of group (5 people or 1 person)
Dependent variable: Conformity (measured by number of people looking up)
Experimental group: People passing 5 person group
Control group: People passing single person. (This group gets “less” of the independent variable)
3. To test a new voice feature in a cockpit design a flight simulator was used. The simulator was programmed to give visual readings of flight information, or to give visual and auditory (voice) readings of flight information. All test pilots were put through a simulated emergency landing procedure, but were randomly assigned to the visual, or visual and auditory conditions. Flight experts rated each pilot’s performance in the simulator on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 10 (excellent).
Independent variable: Presence or absence of auditory (voice) readings. (All pilots received visual readings, so that is a constant variable.)
Dependent variable: Ratings of pilots’ performance
Experimental group: Pilots in auditory readings condition (visual + auditory)
Control group: Pilots in visual reading only condition (no auditory)
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