Unit 3- Holidays and Celebrations, Family



Unit 3- Holidays and Celebrations, Family Nombre ___________________

Students will be able to:

➢ State and recognize vocabulary from Chapter 5, Level 2

➢ Identify family members

➢ Talk about passages of life: weddings, baptisms, birthdays, funerals

➢ Use possessive pronouns (my, your, his, her)

➢ Use direct object pronouns

➢ Use indirect object pronouns

➢ Use double object pronouns

Capitulo 5, Nivel 2:

Repaso (Review)

La feria

La fiesta

El santo patrón

La santa patrona

Una procesión

Un desfile

Desfilar

Caminar

Los muertos

Los difuntos

El camposanto

El cementerio

El mausoleo

La tumba

Una ofrenda

Una corona de flores

Una calavera

Un cráneo

Un esqueleto

Un hueso

Un disfraz

Una máscara

Enterrado

La Navidad

La Nochebuena

La Nochevieja

La chimenea

Un regalo

Un aguinaldo

Los reyes magos

El camello

La paja

El árbol de Navidad

Decorar

Jánuka

La fiesta de las luces

La menora

La vela

Judío

Hebreo

Encender

Una banda municipal

Los fuegos artificiales

El cielo

Bailar

Iluminar

El bizcocho

Todo el mundo

Dulce

Celebrar

Confeccionar

Elaborar

mientras

La familia

Los parientes

padre:

madre:

padres

hermano/a:

hermanos

suegro/a:

cuñado/a:

esposo, marido:

esposa, mujer:

abuelo/a

bisabuelo/a:

tatarabuelo/a:

hijo/a:

hijos

nieto/a:

bisnieto/a:

tataranieto/a:

tío/a:

tío abuelo:

tía abuela:

primo/a

primo carnal, prima carnal: first cousin

primo segundo, prima segunda:

sobrino/a :

padrastro:

madrastra:

hijastro/a:

hermanastro/a:

medio hermano, hermano de padre, hermano de madre:

media hermana, hermana de padre, hermana de madre:

prometido, novio: fiance, boyfriend, groom

prometida, novia: fiancee, girlfriend, bride

amigo/a

conocido/a:

desconocido/a

Possessive Adjectives

|Singular |Plural | |

|mi |mis |my |

|tu |tus |your (inf) |

|su |sus |his/her, your (form) |

|nuestro |nuestros |our (m) |

|nuestra |nuestras |our (f) |

|vuestro |vuestros |your (m) (inf) |

|vuestra |vuestras |your (f) (inf) |

|su |sus |their, your (form) |

A Possessive Adjective always accompanies a noun.

mi embarque - my shipment

tu beneficio - your benefit

nuestro arreglo - our arrangement

su sinceridad - his, her, or their sincerity

sus fondos - their money

The Spanish possessive adjective must agree with the number of items a person has.

mi libro - my book mis libros - my books

The nosotros and vosotros forms change in gender as well;.

nuestro libro - our book

nuestra mesa - our desk

vuestros refrescos - your soft drinks

vuestras familias - your families

Possessive pronouns are the words which replace nouns modified by possessive adjectives. In Spanish there are different forms of possessive pronouns depending on whether the noun is masc or fem, sing. or plu..

| |Masculine |Feminine |

|mine |el mío |la mía |

| |los míos |las mías |

|yours (tú) |el tuyo |la tuya |

| |los tuyos |las tuyas |

|his/hers/its/yours (Ud.) |el suyo |la suya |

| |los suyos |las suyas |

|ours |el nuestro |la nuestra |

| |los nuestros |las nuestras |

|yours (vosotros) |el vuestro |la vuestra |

| |los vuestros |las vuestras |

|theirs/yours (Uds.) |el suyo |la suya |

| |los suyos |las suyas |

Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third person singular (él, ella, Ud.) and plural (ellos, Uds.) are identical.

There are two important things to know about Spanish possessive pronouns:

1. The possessive pronoun must match the noun being replaced in gender and number.

2. The appropriate definite article must be used.

Otherwise, Spanish and English possessive pronouns are very similar.

|Mi hermano está aquí; ¿dónde está el tuyo? |  |My brother is here; where's yours? |

|Me gustan mis libros y ella prefiere los suyos. | |I like my books and she prefers hers. |

|Tus ideas son buenas, pero las mías son mejores. | |Your ideas are good, but mine are better. |

|Estas plumas, ¿son las vuestras o las nuestras?  | |These pens, are they yours or ours? |

When the masculine singular possessive pronoun is preceded by the preposition a or de, the preposition contracts with the definite article (el):

|Habla a tu padre; yo hablaré al mío. |  |Talk to your dad; I'll talk to mine. |

|Él disfruta de su curso, pero yo no disfruto del mío. |  |He's enjoying his class, but I'm not enjoying mine. |

Note that Spanish possessive pronouns are identical to stressed form possessive adjectives, but their usage is different: possessive pronouns replace nouns, while possessive adjectives modify nouns.

There is also a neuter possessive pronoun which is used when the possessed thing is abstract or unspecific, in the sense of one's part, share, things, task, etc.

The Spanish neuter possessive pronoun is formed with the neuter article lo plus the masculine singular possessive pronoun (mío, tío, suyo, nuestro, vuestro).

|¿No quieren lo mío? | |Don't you want mine (my work, my share...)? |

|Perdió lo suyo. | |He lost his (his stuff, his things). |

|¿Cuánto es lo nuestro? | |How much is ours (our share)? |

Los pasajes de la vida

Las fiestas

la ceremonia

el anuncio nupcial

el matrimonio, el casamiento

la boda

la iglesia

el cura

la novia

el novio

la pareja

el/la recién casado(a)

la dama de honor

el padrino

el paje page

el traje de novia

el velo

el anillo de boda

casarse

la ceremonia civil

el registro de matrimonio

el ayuntamiento

el alcalde, la alcaldesa

firmar

por (el, lo) civil

una recepción

una cena

un banquete, un bufé

un regalo

en honor de

¡Enhorabuena! Felididades Felicitaciones

el bautizo

el recién nacido

el padrino

la madrina

la pila baptismal font

bautizar

el cumpleaños

el pastel, el bizcocho, la torta, la tarta

la vela

nacer

cumplir... años

celebrar

una esquela, un obituario

el velorio

el ataúd

la viuda

el difunto

el cementerio,

el camposanto

el cortejo fúnebre

el entierro, el sepelio

los pasajes de la vida

la alegría

alegre

alegrarse

sorprender

esperar to hope, to expect, to wait

intercambiar

tener lugar

El hermano ausente en la cena de Pascua

Se trata de

el afán

el pincel

la miel

la criada

musitar to murmur, whisper

antaño of past times

vacío(a)

acaso perhaps

Los pronombres de complemento directo e indirecto

Verbs in English may take a direct object, an indirect object, or both.

| | | |

| |object nouns |object pronouns |

| | | |

|direct |I write the letter. |I write it. |

| | | |

|indirect |I write to Paul. |I write to him. |

| | | |

|direct and indirect |I write the letter to Paul, I write Paul the |I write it to him. |

| |letter. | |

Direct objects may represent people or things.

I see Paul. I see the book.

With direct object pronouns,

I see him,I see it Lo veo

Direct Object Pronouns/Complementos Directos

| | |

|me |nos |

| | |

|te |os |

| | |

|lo, la |los, las |

Position

* Object pronouns, including reflexive pronouns, usually come before the conjugated verb.

Ejemplos: I ate the cherries: I ate them. Comí las cerezas: Las comí.

* When object pronouns are used with an infinitive or a present participle (ando iendo), they can follow them and are attached to them. In a progressive construction, or in an infinitive construction introduced by Ir a, querer, poder, or saber, the object pronouns may also be placed before the conjugated verb.

Ejemplos: I want to eat the chocolate: I want to eat it.

Quiero comer el chocolate: Quiero comerlo, Lo quiero comer.

I am washing the tomato: I am washing it.

Estoy lavando el tomate: Estoy lavándolo.* Lo estoy lavando.

*when attached, an accent would be needed on the 3rd to last syllable.

* When the verb is in the affirmative command, the object pronouns must be attached to the end of the verb. The stressed syllable of the verb always remains the same. If the verb is normally stressed on the next to last syllable, this syllable requires an accent mark when the verb has pronouns attached to it.

Ejemplo: Listen to me. Esúchame.

The neuter direct object pronoun lo often replaces a phrase or sentence (rather than a single noun).

Lo is often the equivalent of the English it, so, or that. No lo se. I don't know (that). Sí, lo es. Yes, he is (that). Practica, página 204, ejercicio 4.

INDIRECT

Indirect objects represent only people (or animals). They are usually introduced by to or for, even though the preposition is not always expressed. I will write (to) him.

In general, when the indirect object is a noun, the indirect object pronoun le or les is also used in the same sentence. The indirect object pronoun also occurs with a alguien, a nadie, and a quien?

Indirect object pronouns are often used in sentences in which the direct object is a part of the body or a personal possession. Compare Spanish and English usage:

Le hablo. I speak to him.

El camarero le da la cuenta a la cliente.

The waiter gives the check to the customer.

Le escribo. I write to her.

A quien le prestaste tu coche?

Who did you lend your car to?

Inirect Object Pronouns/Complementos Indirectos

| | |

|me |nos |

| | |

|te |os |

| | |

|le |les |

* For emphasis or clarification, the expressions a mí, a ti, and so on are often used together with an indirect object pronoun.

Le hablé a ella. I spoke to her. Pablo te escribió una carta a ti. Pablo wrote you a letter.

Vocabulario: Verbos con complementos directos e indirectos

pedir (I] to ask for (something)

dar to give

regalar to give (as a gif't)

prestar to lend, loan

traer to bring

devolver [uej to give back, return

entregar to deliver, hand over to

mandar to send enviar to send

mostrar (ue] to show

enseñar to show, point out, to teach

contar (ue) to tell

explicar to explain

recomendar (ie) to recommend

No te pido nada.

Le damos una buena propina a la camarera.

Clara le regala una corbata a su novio.

Puedes prestarme tu coche?

El camarero le trajo la cuenta a la cliente.

Le has devuelto el dinero a Carlota?

Los estudiantes le entregaron la tarea al profesor.

Los inquilinos le han enviado un cheque a la dueña.

La dependiente le mostró los nuevos vestidos a ella

Elena nos enseño la oficina donde trabajaba.

Te he contado todo lo que se.

El cocinero le explica la receta a su ayudante.

El mozo nos ha recomendado la paella.

Double Object Pronouns in Spanish

We have looked at both Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns and learned that we place them either directly before a conjugated verb or attach them to an infinitive, a gerund or a command.  But what happens when we have both direct and indirect object pronouns in one sentence?  Who goes where?

Let's take a look at an example:

|Yo te doy el dinero a ti. |

First, we'll identify the different components of this sentence:

|Yo |Doy |El dinero |Te, a Ti (informal you) |

|subject pronoun |our conjugated verb |direct object |Indirect object Pronoun, |

|I |I'm giving |it's what I'm giving. The |Indirect Object |

| | |money is receiving the |YOU are receiving the money!|

| | |direct action of the verb. |(indirect benefit of my |

| | | |action/verb) |

Now, we replace el dinero  with the pronoun lo  because dinero is masculine and singular.  And we already have the Indirect Object Pronoun te.

Both object pronouns must come before the active/conjugated verb.  But which comes first?

• The indirect will ALWAYS come first.

• An easy way to remember this is to think of I.D. (Indirect Object, Direct Object).

So, our sentence above can be converted into this three-word sentence using both an indirect and a direct object pronoun:

|Te      lo       doy. |

|[pic] |

|IO     DO   VERB |

Let's look at another example:

|El policía nos lleva las direcciones a nosotros. |

First, we'll identify the different components of the sentence:

|El policía |lleva |las direcciones  |nos, a nosostros |

|The subject |the verb |the direct object. |the indirect object. |

| | |We use the pronoun las. | the pronoun nos is already in |

| | | |the sentence |

If we follow the ID rule, our final sentence is:

|El policía      nos   las   lleva. |

|[pic] |

|SUBJECT  IDOP  DOP   VERB |

So far pretty easy!

But (of course!) we have a small exception.  Let's look at this sentence:

| Juan le escribe una carta a María. |

When we examine the elements, we have:

|Juan |escribe |una carta |le, a María |

|Subject |verb |Direct object |Indirect object |

| | |We replace this with la  since|The singular third person |

| | |una carta is singular and |pronoun, le, is already there |

| | |feminine | |

So our sentence is:

|*Juan le la escribe.  |

Right? NOOOOOOOOOO!!!

I guess you know from the asterisk that this isn't what happens.  Unfortunately, we cannot leave this sentence as it is.  We cannot have two "L" object pronouns together.  So our original sentence,

|*Juan le la escribe.  |must change to----> |Juan se la escribe. |

Here is one way to remember the exception:

▪ 1)  Only Eric Clapton sings Layla (le la) or Laylas (le las).

▪ 2)  Only criminals Lay low (le lo).

▪ 3)  Spanish speakers "Say" la/las and "Say" lo/los (se la, se las, se lo, se los)

Let's try another example:

|Yo le pido los discos a mi hermano --> Yo se los pido. |

|     le-->se      los              |

|[pic] |

|       IO          DO              |

• We have the option of retaining or removing the Indirect Object "tag" :

▪ Yo se los pido a mi hermano.

▪ Yo se los pido.

[pic]

We can also place the double object pronouns on the end of an infinitive or a gerund just as we do with single object pronouns.

For example:

|Yo les estoy explicando las reglas a ustedes. |Yo se las estoy explicando   -or-   Yo estoy explicándoselas. |

|                    les-->se                      las |          |

|                     IO                            DO |IO-DO                                                           |

| |    IO-DO |

     Another example with an infinitive:

|Tomás nos va a servir el café a nosotros. |Tomás nos lo va a servir.  --or--      Tomás va a |

| |servírnoslo. |

• Notice that we place accent marks on the present participles and infinitives to preserve the normal pronunciation of the verbs.  If you aren't sure where to put the accent, cover up the pronoun/s and say the word naturally.  The stressed syllable is where you put the accent:

|Nosotros vamos a prestarle   los libros a Elena. |*Nosotros vamos a prestarselos--? |

|                                   le-->se   los |           And now where do we put the accent...? |

|1) Take off the pronouns:     Prestar -  [selas] |Nosotros vamos a prestárselos. |

|2) Find the normal stresses syllable:   presTAR | |

|3) Write the accent mark and attach pronouns: | |

|prestár +  [selas] | |

Let's look at another example.

|El ladrón le está robando el dinero a la víctima. |*El ladrón está robandoselo |

|             le-->se                   lo | |

|1)  robando - [selo] |El ladrón está robándoselo. |

|2)  roBANdo | |

|3)  robándo + [selo] | |

|Hints: |

|When using present participles (-ando and -iendo forms), the accent will always fall on the a for -ando forms, and on|

|the e  for -iendo forms. |

|When using infinitives, the accent will fall on the a for -ar  verbs, on the e  for -er verbs, and on the i  for -ir |

|verbs. |

Preterite Tense

Regular

-AR

|é |amos |

|aste |asteis |

|ó |aron |

-ER/ -IR

|í |imos |

|iste |isteis |

|ió |ieron |

-car, -gar, zar verbs first person (YO) form change only

car- qué Busqué= I looked for

gar-gué Jugué = I played

zar- cé (z before e becomes c) Comencé= I started

Stem Changers: -ar and -er stem changers do not stem change in preterite.

-ir stem changers do stem change, in 3rd person (él, ella, Ud, ellos ellas, Uds.) only

e-i 3rd person stem change o-u 3rd person stem change

pedí pedimos dormí dormimos

pediste pedisteis dormiste dormisteis

pidió pidieron durmió durmieron

Stem ending in a vowel: in the 3rd person (él, ella, Ud, ellos ellas, Uds.)

-er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel, the i in the ending changes to a y

leer= yo leí, but él leyó, ellos leyeron caer=yo caí, but él cayó, ellos cayeron

Reflexives still use the pronouns before the conjugated verb. IE: Me desperté.

Irregulars

(Also needed when another verbs ends in the irregular infinitive, for example, mantener, componer, contraer...)

andar anduv

estar estuv None of the irregulars have accent marks.

tener tuv All of the irregulars share the same endings....

caber cup

haber hub e imos

poder pud iste isteis

poner pus o ieron

saber sup

hacer hic (él hizo)

querer quis

venir vin

decir dij except when the stem ends in a j, which in 3rd

traer traj person plural goes to jeron instead of ieron.

conducir conduj

Other Irregulars

Ser and Ir (both have the same Ver Dar

preterite forms. Needs context )

|fui |fuimos |Vi |Vimos |Di |Dimos |

|fuiste |fuisteis |Viste |Visteis |Diste |Disteis |

|fue |fueron |Vio |Vieron |Dio |Dieron |

The Past in Spanish

There are two ways to express a past action in Spanish, the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite endings and irregularities we have already gone over.

El Imperfecto: endings

| | | | |

|-AR |used to, was ...ing |-ER/ -IR |used to, was ...ing |

| | | | |

|aba* |ábamos |ía* |íamos |

| | | | |

|abas |abais |ías |íais |

| | | | |

|aba* |aban |ía* |ían |

* Note that the first and third person singular endings are exactly the same. Subject pronouns (yo, él, ella, Ud) are often necessary in these forms.

There are only three irregular imperfects:

| | | | | | |

|Ir |used to go, was going |Ser |used to be, was |Ver |used to see, was seeing |

| | | | | | |

|iba |íbamos |era |éramos |veía |veíamos |

| | | | | | |

|ibas |ibais |eras |erais |veías |veíais |

| | | | | | |

|iba |iban |era |eran |veía |veían |

In this acronym to help remember the reasons you would use the imperfect, see if you can figure out what the letter stands for based on the example given.

W__________ Hacía buen tiempo.

H__________ Yo siempre me cepillaba los dientes después de ducharme.

A__________ Ella tenía cinco años.

T__________ Eran las diez y media.

S___________ Era una noche oscura y hacía buen tiempo cuando el actor entró a la escena.

L___________ Estaba en la escuela.

E___________ Estaba triste.

F___________ Estaba desilusionado.

T___________ Tenía el pelo rubio y los ojos azules.

Pensaba, creía.

Palabras que normalmente indican el pretérito

el domingo

el sábado pasado

el fin de semana pasado

ayer

anteayer

un día

el día anterior

el otro día

una vez

alguna vez

dos veces

por primera vez

de repente

de pronto

por fin

finalmente

a las diez y media

anoche

Palabras que normalmente indican el imperfecto

los domingos

los sábados por la noche

los fines de semana

cada día

todos los días

antes

en el pasado

algunas veces

a veces

de vez en cuando

siempre

a menudo

raramente

rara vez

por lo general

generalmente

mientras

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