Mrs. Bounds' Class- 8th Grade U.S. History - Mrs. Bounds



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1607

In this year, the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown.

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During this year on July 4th, the American colonies declared independence from Great Britain.

1776

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1787

In this year, the Constitution of the United States was ratified (approved).

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During this year, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.

1803

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1861-1865

The American Civil War was fought during these years.

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Articles of Confederation

This document, the nation’s first constitution, was adopted in 1781. The document was considered weak because states held more power than the federal government.

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Bill of Rights[pic] s

The name of the first ten amendments to the Constitution

People who exemplify this quality go beyond their obligations a by taking an active role in their community.

Civic Virtue

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Declaration of Independence

This document was adopted on July 4, 1776 and established the 13 colonies as independent states, free from Great Britain’s rule.

Thomas Jefferson wrote the majority of this document.

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Quote from:

Declaration of Independence

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness…”

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English Bill of Rights

In 1689, this document was drafted by the English Parliament limiting the power of the monarch and providing basic rights for English citizens.

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A principle of government where power is shared within a union between the national (federal) and state governments.

Federalism[pic]

Federalist Papers

A series of essays written that supported a form of government that divided power between a strong central government and the states.

Writers of these documents were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

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Federalists

People who supported the ratification of the Constitution and a federalist form of government.

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Anti-Federalists

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People who opposed the ratification of the Constitution because they feared the national government was given too much power.

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Founding Fathers

This term applies to those individuals who played a major role in the creation of the US government. Some include Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and James Madison.

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French and Indian War

The struggle between the British and the French over colonial possessions in North America. This war was known worldwide as the Seven Years’ War.

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This document was the first written constitution in the American colonies in which a system of government was established. It was prepared as the covenant for the new Puritan community in Connecticut.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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A period of industrial growth where handmade goods were replaced by machine made goods.

Industrial Revolution

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A principle of government where the powers of the federal and state government are defined by the constitution and must be followed.

Limited Government

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This document, signed by King John of England in 1215, was the first document to limit the power of the government. It stated that the King was not above the law.

Magna Carta

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It was the belief in the 1840s that the United States was destined to acquire territory “from sea to sea” the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Manifest Destiny

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This document was drafted in 1620 by the Pilgrims to organize self-government in Plymouth.

Mayflower Compact

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In 1819, this legal case led the Supreme Court to rule that the power of the federal government was supreme over that of the states and that the states could not interfere in the creation of a national bank.

McCulloch v. Maryland

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In 1803, this legal case led the Supreme Court to strengthen the authority of the federal judiciary. It established the principle of judicial review which is the power of the judiciary to determine that a law can be declared unconstitutional.

Marbury v. Madison

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A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Monroe Doctrine

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Northwest Ordinance

In 1787, this document established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states.

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Philadelphia Convention of 1787

This meeting was held “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.” Instead they created a new plan for government which was the U.S. Constitution.

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This amendment

granted all men particularly black men

the right to vote.

15th Amendment

This amendment banned slavery in the United States.

13th Amendment

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This amendment gave citizenship to all people born in the United States regardless of their race.

14th Amendment

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The movement concentrated on ending slavery in the

United States

Abolitionist Movement

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Free Enterprise System

An economic system in which individuals depend on supply and demand and the profit margin to determine what, how, and how much to produce, and for whom to produce.

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A system of controls in which each branch of government checks the power of the other branch to prevent abuse of power.

Checks and Balances

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Ignoring the policies of a state or nation when the civil laws are unjust.

Civil Disobedience

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The speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg which explained the ideals and spirit of democracy and to continue the fight for it.

Gettysburg Address

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In 1824, this legal case led the Supreme Court to decide that the Constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed.

Gibbons v. Ogden

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The principle of government that protects certain privileges and rights of citizens.

Individual Rights

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The power of the judicial branch of the US government to determine if laws are constitutional.

Judicial Review

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A set of economic policies under which nations sought to increase their power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods than they bought.

Mercantilism

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A statement issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free.

Emancipation

Proclamation

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Nullification Crisis

A period of unrest when southern states decided they could ignore a law passed by the federal government concerning federal protective tariffs if it hurt their interest.

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A system of agricultural production based on large-scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment.

Plantation System

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The principle of government that states that political power rests with the people.

Popular Sovereignty

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A tax on imported products instituted to protect local industries

Protective Tariff

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In 1857, a legal case that led the Supreme Court to confirm the status of slaves as property rather than citizens.

Dred Scot vs. Sandford

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A form of government where the power is held by the people through the efforts of representatives elected by the people.

Representative Government

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A form of government in which people elect representatives to make and carry out laws.

Republicanism

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A principle of government that divides a central government into two or more branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorities.

Separation of Powers

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These are rights that we are born with as human beings and can not be given or taken away. They include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Unalienable Rights

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Grievances

Complaints made by the colonist about the government of Great Britain. One complaint was “no taxation without representation.”

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This geographical term is explained by the religious persecution by the King of England which forced the Puritans from England and the New World offering them freedom of religion.

Push-Pull Factors

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