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Psychosocial Theory
2nd Lecture
← Theory that focuses on developmental task, focuses on EGO as this develops from social interaction
← The developmental tasks are sequential and depend on prior successful mastery
← An individual who fails to “master” the task at appropriate age may return to work on mastery
Use of the theory in Nursing
← Assessment can be done focusing on the psychosocial development at specific age
← Appropriate interventions can be selected based on task
← Nurses can promote healthy behaviors and encourages hope that re-learning is possible
Erikson’s Psychosocial theory(Erik Erikson (1902–1994)
← Trust versus mistrust
← Autonomy versus shame and doubt
← Initiative versus guilt
← Industry versus inferiority
← Identity versus role confusion
← Intimacy versus isolation
← Generativity versus stagnation
← Ego integrity versus despair
Life Stages
I. Trust vs Mistrust (0 – 18 months of age)
✓ Child develops sense of trust or mistrust of others;
✓ Shares openly and relates to others;
✓ Interpersonal skills start to develop
II. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
✓ 18 months – 3 y/o;
✓ Child learns self-control or becomes very conscious and full of doubt;
✓ Negativistic attitude;
✓ Exhibits motor self-control and independence thru negativism;
✓ Parallel play is the social skill.
III. Initiative vs Guilt (3 – 5 y/o)
✓ Child initiates spontaneous activities or develops fear of wrongdoing;
✓ Shows appropriate social behaviors;
✓ Curiosity and exploration;
✓ Social Skill: Cooperative Play
IV. Industry vs Inferiority (6 – 12 y/o)
✓ Child develops the social and physical skills necessary to negotiate and compete in life;
✓ Acquisition of competence;
✓ Ability to cooperate and compromise;
✓ Identification with admired others (teachers, parents)
Identity vs Role Diffusion ( 12 – 20 y/o )
✓ Teenager either integrates childhood experiences into a personal identity;
✓ May develop self-doubts about sexual or occupational roles;
✓ Establish relationship with the opposite sex;
✓ Fidelity with friends;
✓ Also value importance of beauty or self-image;
|Psychosocial Stage |VIRTUE |PATHOLOGY |
|T vs MT |HOPE |Psychosis Addiction Depression |
|A vs S and D |WILL |Impulsivity Paranoia Obs/Comp |
|Initiative vs G |PURPOSE |Conversion Phobia Inhibition|
|Ind vs Inf |COMPETENCE |Creative inhibition |
|Identity vs RD |FIDELITY |Gender-related identity disorders |
|Inti vs Iso |LOVE |Schizoid |
|G vs S |CARE |Midlife crisis |
|Integrity vs D |WISDOM |Despair Alienation |
VI. Intimacy vs Isolation (18 – 25 or 30
✓ The person develops commitment to work and to other people;
✓ Ability to give and receive love;
✓ Responsible sexual behaviors;
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