THE 100 MOST INFLUENTIAL INVENTORS OF ALL TIME

Published in 2010 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010.

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First Edition

Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Robert Curley: Manager, Science and Technology

Rosen Educational Services Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Senior Editor and Project Manager Nelson S?: Art Director Matthew Cauli: Designer Introduction by Stephanie Watson

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The 100 most influential inventors of all time / edited by Robert Curley.--1st ed. p. cm.--(The Britannica guide to the world's most influential people)

"In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services." Includes index. ISBN 978-1-61530-042-6 (eBook) 1. Inventors--Biography--Popular works. 2. Inventions--History--Popular works. I. Curley, Robert, 1955? II. Title: One hundred most influential inventors of all time. T39.A14 2010 609.2'2--dc22

2009027248

Cover photo: David Joel/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images

CONTENTS

Introduction

8

Cro-Magnon

17

Imhotep

19

Archimedes

21

Cai Lun

22

Heron of Alexandria

23

Johannes Gutenberg

26

Christiaan Huygens

31

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

35

Benjamin Franklin

38

James Watt

48

Joseph and ?tienne Montgolfier 52

Alessandro Volta

54

Joseph-Marie Jacquard

56

John Loudon McAdam

57

Nic?phore Ni?pce

59

Robert Fulton

61

Eli Whitney

66

Alois Senefelder

69

Sir William Congreve

70

Ren? La?nnec

71

George Stephenson

75

Louis Daguerre

77

Samuel F.B. Morse

79

Charles Babbage

83

Sir Rowland Hill

88

Charles Goodyear

89

John Deere

91

Claude-?tienne Mini?

92

Louis Braille

94

Cyrus McCormick

96

Elisha Graves Otis

99

Sir Henry Bessemer

100

Samuel Colt

103

Richard J. Gatling

105

25 50

66

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