INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION VISITATION— TOURISM …

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION VISITATION-- TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES

Michael Davidson, Hugh Wilkins, Brian King, Perry Hobson, Stephen Craig-Smith and Sarah Gardiner

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION VISITATION--TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES

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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry

Title: International education visitation--tourism opportunities/Davidson. M ...[et al.]. ISBNs: 9781921658396 (pbk.) 9781921658884 (pdf.). Subjects: Tourism----Social aspects----Australia

Students, Foreign----Australia----Family relationships. Other Authors/Contributors: Wilkins, H., King, B., Hobson, P. Craig-Smith, S. and Gardiner, S. Dewey Number: 338.479194

Copyright ? CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2010

All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Any enquiries should be directed to: General Manager, Communications and Industry Extension or Publishing Manager, info@.au First published in Australia in 2010 by CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd Edited by Kelly Philip Printed in Australia (Gold Coast, Queensland)

Acknowledgements

The Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, established and supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program, funded this research.

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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION VISITATION--TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... VII OBJECTIVES OF STUDY...................................................................................................................................... VII METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ VII KEY FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................................. VII CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE ACTIONS ............................................................................................................... IX

CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS--A YOUTHFUL TOURISM MARKET ................................................... 2 CHAPTER 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF THE INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION MARKET................................................................ 6

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SECTOR............................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 DEFINING AND TRACKING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ................................................................. 11

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ENROLMENTS IN AUSTRALIA.................................................................................. 11 Australian visas issued to international students ........................................................................................ 11 Working holiday and work and holiday visas.............................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 INDUSTRY CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 6 ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 FOCUS GROUPS ............................................................................................................................................... 16

METHOD ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 17

Travel Behaviour ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Barriers to travel ......................................................................................................................................... 18 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 7 ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 NATIONAL SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ........................................................................ 19 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 19 The Respondents.......................................................................................................................................... 19 Travel behaviour ......................................................................................................................................... 21 Activities ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 Accommodation ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Visiting friends and relatives....................................................................................................................... 29 Interest, benefits and barriers to travelling in Australia ............................................................................. 32 Funding and time for studying, living and travelling in Australia .............................................................. 33 COUNTRY PROFILES .......................................................................................................................................... 34 China (n= 1,414)......................................................................................................................................... 34 India (n= 404) ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Korea (n= 194)............................................................................................................................................ 41 Europe (n= 361).......................................................................................................................................... 45 North America (n= 366).............................................................................................................................. 48

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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION VISITATION--TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES

CHAPTER 8 ........................................................................................................................................................ 52

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................. 52

FURTHER RESEARCH......................................................................................................................................... 53

APPENDIX A--STUDENT VISA DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................... 54

APPENDIX B--INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRAVEL SURVEY.......................................................... 55

APPENDIX C--NATIONALITY OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS ............................................................... 75

APPENDIX D--INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EXPENDITURES ............................................................ 77

DATA CLEANING............................................................................................................................................... 77

APPENDIX E--COMPARISON OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR BY NATIONALITY .................................................................................................................................................. 79

REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................... 84

AUTHORS....................................................................................................................................................... 86

List of Figures

Figure 1: Export income from education Services 2004?05 to 2008?09 _______________________________ 7 Figure 2: Education services exports by country 2008?09__________________________________________ 8 Figure 3: Number of working holiday visas granted _____________________________________________ 13 Figure 4: Length of visit on most recent trip ___________________________________________________ 22 Figure 5: Mode of transport used on most recent trip ____________________________________________ 22 Figure 6: Travel party on most recent trip _____________________________________________________ 23 Figure 7: Expenditures on most recent trip ____________________________________________________ 23 Figure 8: Plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10) _______________________________ 24 Figure 9: Comparison of plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10), by program type _____ 24 Figure 10: Activities of popularity within and outside the place of study______________________________ 26 Figure 11: Shops in Australia are open when I want to visit them ___________________________________ 26 Figure 12: Leisure companions _____________________________________________________________ 27 Figure 13: Preferred type of accommodation___________________________________________________ 27 Figure 14: Safety perceptions of general and backpacker accommodation ____________________________ 28 Figure 15: Cleanliness perceptions of general and backpacker accommodation________________________ 28 Figure 16: Number of friends who intend to visit ________________________________________________ 29 Figure 17: Number of family who intend to visit Australia_________________________________________ 30 Figure 18: Number of friends and family who have visited Australia ________________________________ 30 Figure 19: Number of friends and family who have visited Australia ________________________________ 31 Figure 20: Visiting friends and relatives in Australia by length of stay _______________________________ 31 Figure 21: Where visiting friends and relatives stayed____________________________________________ 32 Figure 22: Sources of funding for program fees, living expenses and travel and recreation _______________ 33 Figure 23: Chinese student travel companions__________________________________________________ 35 Figure 24: Chinese student accommodation preferences __________________________________________ 35 Figure 25: Chinese student length of visit on most recent trip ______________________________________ 36 Figure 26: Chinese student mode of transport used on most recent trip ______________________________ 36 Figure 27: Chinese student travel party on most recent trip _______________________________________ 36 Figure 28: Chinese student expenditure on most recent trip _______________________________________ 37 Figure 29: Chinese student plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10)__________________ 37 Figure 30: Where VFRs of Chinese student stayed while in Australia ________________________________ 37 Figure 31: Length of stay in Australia for Chinese student VFRs ___________________________________ 37 Figure 32: Indian student travel companions __________________________________________________ 38 Figure 33: Indian student accommodation preference ____________________________________________ 39 Figure 34: Indian student length of visit on most recent trip _______________________________________ 39 Figure 35: Indian student mode of transport on most recent trip ____________________________________ 39 Figure 36: Indian student travel party on most recent trip_________________________________________ 40 Figure 37: Indian student expenditures on most recent trip ________________________________________ 40 Figure 38: Indian student plans during upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10) ________________ 40 Figure 39: Where VFRs of Indian student stayed while in Australia _________________________________ 40 Figure 40: Length of stay in Australia for Indian student VFRs_____________________________________ 41

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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION VISITATION--TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES

Figure 41: Korean student travel companions __________________________________________________ 42 Figure 42: Korean student accommodation preferences __________________________________________ 42 Figure 43: Korean student length of visit on most recent trip ______________________________________ 43 Figure 44: Korean student mode of transport on most recent trip ___________________________________ 43 Figure 45: Korean student travel party on most recent trip ________________________________________ 43 Figure 46: Korean student expenditures on most recent trip _______________________________________ 44 Figure 47: Korean student plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10) __________________ 44 Figure 48: Where Korean student VFR stayed while in Australia ___________________________________ 44 Figure 49: Length of stay in Australia for Korean student VFRs ____________________________________ 44 Figure 50: European student travel companions ________________________________________________ 45 Figure 51: European student accommodation preferences ________________________________________ 46 Figure 52: European student length of visit on most recent trip_____________________________________ 46 Figure 53: European student mode of transport on most recent trip _________________________________ 46 Figure 54: European student travel party on most recent trip ______________________________________ 47 Figure 55: European student expenditures on most recent trip _____________________________________ 47 Figure 56: European student plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10) ________________ 47 Figure 57: Where European student VFRs stayed while in Australia_________________________________ 47 Figure 58: Length of stay in australia for European student VFRs __________________________________ 48 Figure 59: North American student travel companions ___________________________________________ 49 Figure 60: North American student accommodation preferences ___________________________________ 49 Figure 61: North American student length of visit on most recent trip _______________________________ 49 Figure 62: North American student mode of transport on most recent trip ____________________________ 50 Figure 63: North American student travel party on most recent trip _________________________________ 50 Figure 64: North American student expenditures on most recent trip ________________________________ 50 Figure 65: North American students plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10) __________ 51 Figure 66: Where North American student VFRs stayed while in Australia ___________________________ 51 Figure 67: Length of stay in Australia for North American student VFRs _____________________________ 51 Figure 68: Travel companions by nationality___________________________________________________ 79 Figure 69: Accommodation preferences by nationality ___________________________________________ 79 Figure 70: Length of visit on most recent trip by nationality _______________________________________ 80 Figure 71: Mode of transport on most recent trip by nationality ____________________________________ 80 Figure 72: Travel party on most recent trip by nationality_________________________________________ 81 Figure 73: Expenditures on most recent trip by nationality ________________________________________ 81 Figure 74: Plans for upcoming vacation period (i.e. Summer 2009/10) by nationality ___________________ 82 Figure 75: VFRs stayed while in Australia by nationality _________________________________________ 82 Figure 76: Length of stay in Australia for VFRs by nationality _____________________________________ 83

List of Tables

Table 1: International student traveller expenditures 2007?08 ______________________________________ 7 Table 2: International student numbers and market share by country ________________________________ 8 Table 3: International student numbers by sector_________________________________________________ 9 Table 4: Main courses of study for student visas ________________________________________________ 12 Table 5: Focus group description ____________________________________________________________ 16 Table 6: Respondent profile ________________________________________________________________ 20 Table 7: Respondent nationality* ____________________________________________________________ 21 Table 8: Leisure activities undertaken by international student respondents___________________________ 25 Table 9: Barriers to student travel ___________________________________________________________ 32 Table 10: Annualised expenditure by program duration __________________________________________ 33 Table 11: Percentage of recreation and personal time spent on each activity __________________________ 34 Table 12: Expenditure ranges included _______________________________________________________ 77 Table 13: Expenditure figures by program duration _____________________________________________ 77 Table 14: Annualised expenditure by program duration __________________________________________ 78

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